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Guan R, Ho MC, Fröhlich RFG, Tyler PC, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Methylthioadenosine deaminase in an alternative quorum sensing pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9094-103. [PMID: 23050701 DOI: 10.1021/bi301062y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses an unusual pathway for 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) metabolism involving deamination to 5'-methylthioinosine (MTI) followed by N-ribosyl phosphorolysis to hypoxanthine and 5-methylthio-α-d-ribose 1-phosphate. The specific MTI phosphorylase of P. aeruginosa has been reported [Guan, R., Ho, M. C., Almo, S. C., and Schramm, V. L. (2011) Biochemistry 50, 1247-1254], and here we characterize MTA deaminase from P. aeruginosa (PaMTADA). Genomic analysis indicated the PA3170 locus to be a candidate for MTA deaminase (MTADA). Protein encoded by PA3170 was expressed and shown to deaminate MTA with 40-fold greater catalytic efficiency for MTA than for adenosine. The k(cat)/K(m) value of 1.6 × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for MTA is the highest catalytic efficiency known for an MTA deaminase. 5'-Methylthiocoformycin (MTCF) is a 4.8 pM transition state analogue for PaMTADA but causes no significant inhibition of human adenosine deaminase or MTA phosphorylase. MTCF is permeable to P. aeruginosa and exhibits an IC(50) of 3 nM on cellular PaMTADA activity. PaMTADA is the only activity in P. aeruginosa extracts to act on MTA. MTA and 5-methylthio-α-d-ribose are involved in quorum sensing pathways; thus, PaMTADA is a potential target for quorum sensing. The crystal structure of PaMTADA in complex with MTCF shows the transition state mimic 8(R)-hydroxyl group in contact with a catalytic site Zn(2+), the 5'-methylthio group in a hydrophobic pocket, and the transition state mimic of the diazepine ring in contact with a catalytic site Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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Cacciapuoti G, Manna C, Napoli D, Zappia V, Porcelli M. Homocysteine-induced endothelial cell adhesion is related to adenosine lowering and is not mediated byS-adenosylhomocysteine. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4567-70. [PMID: 17850795 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a cardiovascular risk factor and may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by altering endothelial functions. The mechanism of homocysteine-induced cell adhesion has been here investigated using EA.hy 926 cells. Homocysteine induces a stereospecific, time- and dose-dependent cell adhesion which is prevented by adenosine. The dramatic increase of S-adenosylhomocysteine induced by adenosine-2',3'-dialdehyde does not cause cell adhesion, indicating that no apparent relationship exists between this process and intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine content. Homocysteine-induced cell adhesion is abolished by pre-treatment with adenosine-2',3'-dialdehyde, demonstrating that the adenosine depletion caused by reversal of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction is responsible for homocysteine-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biofisica, F. Cedrangolo, Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
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Schlenk F. Methylthioadenosine. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 54:195-265. [PMID: 6405586 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122990.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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Salyan MEK, Pedicord DL, Bergeron L, Mintier GA, Hunihan L, Kuit K, Balanda LA, Robertson BJ, Feder JN, Westphal R, Shipkova PA, Blat Y. A general liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy-based assay for detection and quantitation of methyltransferase activity. Anal Biochem 2006; 349:112-7. [PMID: 16325755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyltransferases form a large class of enzymes, most of which use S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. In fact, S-adenosylmethionine is second only to ATP in the variety of reactions for which it serves as a cofactor. Several methods to measure methyltransferase activity have been described, most of which are applicable only to specific enzymes and/or substrates. In this work we describe a sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy-based methyltransferase assay. The assay monitors the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine and can be applied to any methyltransferase and substrate of interest. We used the well-characterized enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase to demonstrate that the assay can monitor activity with a variety of substrates, can identify new substrates, and can be used even with crude preparation of enzyme. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the assay for kinetic characterization of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen K Salyan
- Department of Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Rd., Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
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5
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Hendricks CL, Ross JR, Pichersky E, Noel JP, Zhou ZS. An enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Anal Biochem 2004; 326:100-5. [PMID: 14769341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report here an enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT), which utilizes S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet or SAM) as the methyl donor. In this assay, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy or SAH), a common product of AdoMet-dependent transmethylation reactions, is first hydrolyzed by recombinant AdoHcy nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9) into adenine and S-ribosylhomocysteine. Recombinant LuxS (S-ribosylhomocysteinase, EC 3.2.1.148) cleaves the latter compound to form homocysteine. Finally, homocysteine is quantified using Ellman's reagent and the accompanying absorption change at 412nm through recording using a microplate format. Notably, SAMT and most AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases undergo marked AdoHcy-mediated product inhibition. As such, an additional advantage of this assay which includes AdoHcy nucleosidase is the destruction of AdoHcy, thus alleviating product inhibition. Under our assay conditions, complete substrate conversion is observed and precise kinetic parameters can be determined in a facile and quantitative manner. This assay should be generally applicable to other AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. Moreover, the procedure is easily amendable to batch assay and high-throughput screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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6
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Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G, Oliva A, Zappia V. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a naturally occurring xylosyl thioether, 9-[5'-deoxy-5'(methylthio)-beta-D-xylofuranosyl]adenine. J Chromatogr A 1988; 440:151-5. [PMID: 3261299 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the separation and purification of 9-[5'-deoxy-5'(methylthio)-beta-D-xylofuranosyl]adenine (xylosyl-MTA), a naturally occurring analogue of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), has been developed. The compound was purified from perchloric extracts of biological samples by reversed-phase HPLC on an Ultrasil ODS RP-18 column. Isocratic elution resulted in a complete separation between the xylosyl thioether and MTA. The determination of xylosyl-MTA in the nudibranch mollusc Doris verrucosa was also performed. Its concentration ranged from 330 to 380 nmol/g, considerably exceeding the cellular levels of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porcelli
- Institute of Biochemistry of Macromolecules, I Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
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Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G, Cimino G, Gavagnin M, Sodano G, Zappia V. Characterization and biogenesis of 5'-methylthioxylofuranosyl adenine, a new natural analog of 5'-methylthioadenosine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 250:219-28. [PMID: 3267127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5637-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Porcelli
- Istituto di Biochimica della Macromolecole, I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Zappia V, Della Ragione F, Pontoni G, Gragnaniello V, Cartenì-Farina M. Human 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase: kinetic studies and catalytic mechanism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 250:165-77. [PMID: 3151224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5637-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry, First Medical School, University of Naples, Italy
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Gitomer WL, Tipton KF. Purification and kinetic properties of ox brain histamine N-methyltransferase. Biochem J 1986; 233:669-76. [PMID: 3707517 PMCID: PMC1153084 DOI: 10.1042/bj2330669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8) was purified 1100-fold from ox brain. The native enzyme has an Mr of 34800 +/- 2400 as measured by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme is highly specific for histamine. It does not methylate noradrenaline, adrenaline, DL-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxytyramine or imidazole-4-acetic acid. Unlike the enzyme from rat and mouse brain, ox brain histamine N-methyltransferase did not exhibit substrate inhibition by histamine. Initial rate and product inhibition studies were consistent with an ordered steady-state mechanism with S-adenosylmethionine being the first substrate to bind to the enzyme and N-methylhistamine being the first product to dissociate.
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Cartenì-Farina M, della Ragione F, Cacciapuoti G, Porcelli M, Zappia V. Transport and metabolism of 5'-methylthioadenosine in human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 727:221-9. [PMID: 6838867 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The transport and metabolism of 5'-deoxy-5'-S-methylthioadenosine have been studied in intact human erythrocytes. The sulfur nucleoside is rapidly accumulated into red cells and the extent of uptake largely exceeds the theoretical equilibrium between inner and outer compartment owing to its conversion into a non-permeable compound, namely 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate. To characterize the nucleoside transport, phosphate-depleted erythrocytes, in which the methylthioadenosine metabolism is negligible, have been employed. The results indicate that: (i) the transport occurs via a facilitated-diffusion mechanism; (ii) the process is not energy-dependent and (iii) no specific cation is required. The kinetic analyses of both the transport and the metabolism show that the uptake of methylthioadenosine is a result of the tandem action of a transport step of high capacity (Vmax = 604 +/- 51 pmol/10(6) cells per min) and low affinity (Km = 3270 +/- 321 microM) followed by a metabolic step of low capacity (Vmax = 6.6 pmol/10(6) cells per min) and high affinity (Km = 30 microM). Furthermore, a substrate inhibition exerted by methylthioadenosine at high concentration (over 200 microM) on its specific phosphorylase is reported for the first time. Experiments performed with several analogs of the thioether indicate that the adenine amino group and the hydrophobic substituent at the 5'-position are critical for the transport carrier recognition. Adenine is the most powerful inhibitor of methylthioadenosine transport.
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Zappia V, Cartenì-Farina M, Galletti P, Della Ragione F, Cacciapuoti G. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of adenosyl-sulfur compounds related to polyamine biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 1983; 94:57-66. [PMID: 6621402 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)94010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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[11] Methods for the preparation and assay of S-adenosyl-(5′)-3-methylthiopropylamine (decarboxylated adenosylmethionine). Methods Enzymol 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)94013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Williams-Ashman HG, Seidenfeld J, Galletti P. Trends in the biochemical pharmacology of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:277-88. [PMID: 6803807 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Della Ragione F, Cartenì-Farina M, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G, Zappia V. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine in rat tissues. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1981; 226:243-9. [PMID: 7033262 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zappia V, Galletti P, Porcelli M, Manna C, Ragione FD. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of natural adenosyl-sulphur compounds. J Chromatogr A 1980; 189:399-405. [PMID: 7380939 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation of natural adenosyl-sulphur compounds has been developed. The compounds were separated by using the strong cation-exchange resin Partisil 10 SCX with isocratic elution. The adenosyl-compounds were monitored by an ultraviolet detector operating at 254 nm. Sensitivity was greater than 50 pmoles for all compounds tested and standard curves were found to be linear for concentrations of up to 50 nmoles. The method can be applied to biological samples for the estimation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine,S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-(5')-3-methyl-thiopropylamine and for measurement of enzyme activities involving the above-mentioned compounds.
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Carteni'-Farina M, Oliva A, Romeo G, Napolitano G, De Rosa M, Gambacorta A, Zappia V. 5'-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase from Caldariella acidophila. Purification and properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 101:317-24. [PMID: 118001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb19723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase in Caldariella acidophila, a thermophilic bacterium growing optimally at 87 degrees C, is reported. It represents the first example in prokaryotes of a phosphoryolytic cleavage of the thioether. The reaction products, purified by ion-exchange chromatography, have been identified as 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine by several analytical procedures. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity in 32% yield by using DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme shows a high degree of thermophilicity, its temperature optimum being at 93 degrees C; furthermore no loss of activity is observable after exposure for 1 h at 100 degrees C. The kinetic data indicate a sequential mechanism of the reaction. The apparent Km values are 0.095 mM for 5'-methylthioadenosine and 6.1 mM for phosphate. The specificity of the reaction is rather strict. Experiments performed with analogues of the substrate, i.e. 5'-methylthioinosine, 5'-dimethylthioadenosine sulfonium salt, 5'-n-butylthioadenosine, 5'-isobutylthioadenosine, 5'-isobutylthioinosine, adenosylhomocysteine, 5'-thioethanoladenosine, adenosine, indicate the relevance of the adenine amino group and the sulfur in thioether form in the binding to the enzyme protein.
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Cacciapuoti G, Oliva A, Zappia V. Studies on phosphate-activated 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase from human placenta. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 9:35-41. [PMID: 631411 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(78)90135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zappia V, Galletti P, Oliva A, de Santis A. New methods for preparation and analysis of S-adenosyl-(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine. Anal Biochem 1977; 79:535-43. [PMID: 869190 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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