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Hemmilá I, Mukkala VM. Time-Resolution in Fluorometry Technologies, Labels, and Applications in Bioanalytical Assays. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/20014091084254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Leonov A, Voigt B, Rodriguez-Castañeda F, Sakhaii P, Griesinger C. Convenient Synthesis of Multifunctional EDTA-Based Chiral Metal Chelates Substituted with anS-Mesylcysteine. Chemistry 2005; 11:3342-8. [PMID: 15798974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthetic route to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) derivatives that can be attached to surface-exposed thiol functional groups of cysteine residues in proteins, via a methylthiosulfonate moiety that is connected in a stereochemically unique way to the C-1 carbon atom of EDTA. Such compounds can be used to align proteins in solution without the need to add liquid crystalline media, and are, therefore, of great interest for the NMR spectroscopic analysis of biomolecules. The binding constant for the paramagnetic tag to lanthanide ions was determined by measuring luminescence. For the Tb(+3)-ligand complex, a K(b) value of 6.5 x 10(17) M(-1) was obtained. This value is in excellent agreement with literature values for the related EDTA compound. In addition, it could be shown that there is no significant reduction in the luminescence intensity upon addition of a 10(4) excess of Ca2+ ions, indicating that this paramagnetic tag is compatible with buffers containing high concentrations of divalent alkaline earth ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Leonov
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Yam VWW, Lo KKW. Recent advances in utilization of transition metal complexes and lanthanides as diagnostic tools. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ioannou PC, Christopoulos TK. Two-round enzymatic amplification combined with time-resolved fluorometry of Tb3+ chelates for enhanced sensitivity in DNA hybridization assays. Anal Chem 1998; 70:698-702. [PMID: 9491754 DOI: 10.1021/ac970960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microtiter well-based DNA hybridization assays are developed in which two rounds of enzymatic amplification are combined with time-resolved fluorometry of Tb3+ chelates for enhanced sensitivity. The target DNA is immobilized on the wells (through digoxigenin/anti-digoxigenin interaction) and then hybridized with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe. The hybrids are reacted with a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of biotinylated tyramine by hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the attachment of multiple biotin moieties to the solid phase. Alkaline phosphatase-labeled streptavidin is then allowed to bind to the immobilized biotins. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is measured by using the phosphate ester of 5'-fluorosalicylate as a substrate. The fluorosalicylate produced forms a fluorescent complex with Tb3+, which is measured by time-resolved fluorometry. We observed a 30-fold improvement of the signal and a 10-times enhancement of the signal-to-background ratio compared to the assay that uses a single round of enzymatic amplification (only alkaline phosphatase). The CV was in the range of 11.2-14.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
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Labarbe R, Mignon S, Flock S, Houssier C. Diffusion-enhanced resonance energy transfer shows that linker-DNA accessibility decreases during salt-induced chromatin condensation. J Fluoresc 1996; 6:107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00732050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/1995] [Accepted: 05/07/1996] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dickson EF, Pollak A, Diamandis EP. Ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays using time-resolved fluorescence detection. Pharmacol Ther 1995; 66:207-35. [PMID: 7667396 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(94)00078-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the use of time-resolved fluorimetric detection of lanthanide chelate luminescence as a detection method for ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays. Assay formats and detection methods, and the principle of time-resolved fluorimetric detection, are described. Detection systems, assay formats, reagents, and instrumentation for time-resolved fluorimetric detection are outlined. A review of published and commercially available immunoassays and DNA hybridization assays using time-resolved fluorimetric detection of lanthanide chelate luminescence is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Dickson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario
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Dickson EF, Pollak A, Diamandis EP. Time-resolved detection of lanthanide luminescence for ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1995; 27:3-19. [PMID: 7699520 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(94)07086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The principles and practice of the application of time-resolved lanthanide chelate luminescence (or fluorescence) as a detection method for ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays such as immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization assays are reviewed. The various lanthanide chelate-based detection systems which have been developed for use in heterogeneous and homogeneous assay formats are described, including reagents, assay methods, and instrumentation, along with recent improvements in these methods. Detection systems described include those based on dissociative enhancement of lanthanide ions, direct labeling with luminescent chelates, enzyme-amplified lanthanide luminescence, lanthanide luminescence quenching, and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Dickson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario
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8
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Study of DNA accessibility in the condensed chromatin structures by resonance energy transfer. J Fluoresc 1994; 4:315-8. [PMID: 24233605 DOI: 10.1007/bf01881446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1993] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The linker DNA accessibility of chicken erythrocyte chromatin was studied by diffusion-enhanced resonance energy transfer (DERET). The 4″-{9‴-[((4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)-acetatamido)-3‴,6‴,9‴-(triacetyl)-3″,6‴,9‴-triazanonamido]-2″,6″-diazanonyl}-4,5',8-trimethyl psoralen-terbium complex was photocovalently bound to linker DNA and transferred its energy to fluorescein free in solution or bound on proteins of different sizes. We observed a diminution of linker DNA accessibility in chromatin as the protein size increased. Free fluorescein and proteins (up to a molecular weight of 24,000) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) showed no variation in linker accessibility as chromatin condensation from 10- to 30-nm fibers was induced by an increase in ionic strength. We can conclude from these observations that linker DNA is located on the outside of the condensed chromatin fiber or, alternatively, that small proteins are free to diffuse toward an inside-located linker DNA, even in the condensed state of chromatin, possibly through the central cavity of the solenoïd model.
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Selvin PR, Hearst JE. Luminescence energy transfer using a terbium chelate: improvements on fluorescence energy transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:10024-8. [PMID: 7937831 PMCID: PMC44950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We extend the technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by introducing a luminescent terbium chelate as a donor and an organic dye, tetramethylrhodamine, as an acceptor. The results are consistent with a Förster theory of energy transfer, provided the appropriate parameters are used. The use of lanthanide donors, in general, and this pair, in particular, has many advantages over more conventional FRET pairs, which rely solely on organic dyes. The distance at which 50% energy transfer occurs is large, 65 A; the donor lifetime is a single exponential and long (millisecond), making lifetime measurements facile and accurate. Uncertainty in the orientation factor, which creates uncertainty in measured distances, is minimized by the donor's multiple electronic transitions and long lifetime. The sensitized emission of the acceptor can be measured with little or no interfering background, yielding a > 25-fold improvements in the signal-to-background ratio over standard donor-acceptor pairs. These improvements are expected to make distances > 100 A measurable via FRET. We also report measurement of the sensitized emission lifetime, a measurement that is completely insensitive to total concentration and incomplete labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Selvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
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Abstract
An overview on non-radioactive bioanalytical indicator systems is presented. The nature of labels being important for direct as well as indirect systems is discussed. This is followed by the description of enzymatic, photochemical and chemical methods for labeling nucleic acids, proteins and glycans. These methods can be applied either for direct labeling of these biomolecules or for labeling of respective probes (DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, antibodies, lectins). In the second part, various optical, luminescent and fluorescent detection approaches are described. The possibility to enhance the sensitivity by coupled amplification reactions (signal amplification, target-specific signal amplification, target amplification) is shown in a separate section. Finally, the wide variety of qualitative and quantitative reaction formats related to different applications is collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kessler
- Abt. Molekularbiologie, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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Diamandis EP. Time-resolved fluorometry in nucleic acid hybridization and western blotting techniques. Electrophoresis 1993; 14:866-75. [PMID: 8223395 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501401138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorometry is now used extensively for immunological assays and to a lesser extent in other research areas. In this review I describe applications of time-resolved fluorometry in nucleic acid hybridization and in blotting techniques, including Southern and Western blotting. Clearly, time-resolved fluorometry has potential for playing a major role in techniques other than immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Diamandis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Abubaker MA, Harrington K, Wandruszka RV. Fluorescence Sensitization of Aqueous Terbium and Europium Ions Without Aromatic Donors or Synergistic Agents. ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308021489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Ando T, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi N, Munekata E. Synthesis of a highly luminescent terbium chelate and its application to actin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90509-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of a highly luminescent terbium chelate and its application to actin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90099-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bush CE, Di Michele LJ, Peterson WR, Sherman DG, Godsey JH. Solid-phase time-resolved fluorescence detection of human immunodeficiency virus polymerase chain reaction amplification products. Anal Biochem 1992; 202:146-51. [PMID: 1621975 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new assay system for the detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products is presented. This single-pot sandwich assay system employs solid-support oligonucleotide-coated capture beads, a rare earth metal chelate-labeled probe, and a time-resolved fluorescence detection. The new assay system was evaluated for various reaction conditions including, DNA denaturation time, hybridization salt concentration, probe concentration, and hybridization time, all of which are important in designing an assay with a high level of sensitivity for the detection of duplex DNA. This nonisotopic assay system was applied to the detection of purified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and sensitivity was compared with agarose gel electrophoresis and slot blot hybridization using a 32P-labeled probe. We were able to detect the amplified product from one copy of HIV DNA after 35 cycles of PCR amplification in less than 30 min using this assay, which compared with one copy by gel electrophoresis after 40 cycles of PCR amplification and one copy by slot blot hybridization after 35 cycles of PCR amplification and an overnight exposure of the autoradiogram. Thus, this assay is rapid, sensitive, and easy to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bush
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Baxter Diagnostics Inc., MicroScan, West Sacramento, California 95691
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Bush CE, Donovan RM, Peterson WR, Jennings MB, Bolton V, Sherman DG, Vanden Brink KM, Beninsig LA, Godsey JH. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma samples from high-risk pediatric patients by using the self-sustained sequence replication reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:281-6. [PMID: 1537893 PMCID: PMC265046 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.2.281-286.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for rapid and sensitive methods to assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants and children. We evaluated an approach by using the self-sustained sequence replication reaction (3SR) to amplify HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA directly. The amplified RNA product was then detected by bead-based sandwich oligonucleotide capture hybridization and rare earth metal chelate time-resolved fluorescence. The sensitivity of this technology was determined to be less than 12 HIV-1 RNA copies with an amplification level of 10(10)-fold with purified HIV-1 RNA. Plasma samples from 19 high-risk pediatric patients younger than 5 years of age were examined, and results were compared with viral culture of patient plasma. Results from plasma culture and 3SR amplification agreed for 14 of these patients and disagreed for 5. Of the five samples which did not agree, four were positive by 3SR and negative by culture and one was positive by culture and negative by 3SR but became positive by 3SR at a subsequent testing. We conclude that 3SR amplification coupled with time-resolved fluorescence is a promising technology for investigating the relationship between the presence of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and progression of disease in HIV-infected pediatric patients. This technology should be important in the assessment of HIV-1 infection, in evaluating drug therapies, and in understanding the pathogenesis and transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bush
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Baxter Diagnostics Inc., West Sacramento, California 95691
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Bush CE, Vanden Brink KM, Sherman DG, Peterson WR, Beninsig LA, Godsey JH. Detection of Escherichia coli rRNA using target amplification and time-resolved fluorescence detection. Mol Cell Probes 1991; 5:467-72. [PMID: 1723491 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(05)80019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of technology to increase the sensitivity and speed of detection of bacterial pathogens in samples is important for diagnosis and monitoring of illness. We have developed a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of bacteria, using Escherichia coli as a model, which combines transcription-based target amplification with a bead-based sandwich hybridization assay using rare earth metal chelate labelled probes and time-resolved fluorescence detection. Using these methods as little as 100 copies (0.00016 attomoles) of purified native Escherichia coli rRNA or just one bacterial cell in a spiked sample could be detected. These results demonstrate that amplification of rRNA by transcription-based amplification and detection by time-resolved fluorescence provide a sensitive technology for the direct detection of micro-organisms without the requirement for prior cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bush
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Baxter Diagnostics Inc., West Sacramento, California 95691
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Christopoulos TK, Diamandis EP, Wilson G. Quantification of nucleic acids on nitrocellulose membranes with time-resolved fluorometry. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:6015-9. [PMID: 1719486 PMCID: PMC329060 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.21.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a streptavidin-based macromolecular complex (SBMC) labelled with the europium chelate of 4,7-bis (chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA) as a staining reagent for biotinylated DNA present on nitrocellulose filters. The fluorescent spots or bands obtained can either be observed under UV illumination, photographed by instant camera photography or quantified by using a specially designed instrument working as a high resolution time-resolved fluorometric scanner. The detection limit is approximately 10 pg of target DNA. Various experiments with use of biotinylated DNA probes hybridized to Southern transferred targets have shown that the new procedure is a useful versatile non-isotopic methodology for staining DNA on solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Christopoulos
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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