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Martinko K, Ivanković S, Đermić E, Đermić D. Phenylboronic acid as a novel agent for controlling plant pathogenic bacteria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2417-2422. [PMID: 35301783 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is an environmentally non-toxic substance with antimicrobial activity. Due to increasing ecological limitations in phytopharmacy and considering the development of resistance of phytopathogenic bacteria to available antibacterial agents, here we explore a possible role of PBA as an antibacterial agent of choice. RESULTS We determined a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PBA in vitro on the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) (0.5 mg/mL) and Erwinia amylovora (0.8 mg/mL), two of the most damaging plant pathogenic bacteria. In comparison, boric acid MIC was 2.5-6-fold higher than that of PBA, indicating enhanced antibacterial efficacy of the latter. Moreover, we determined the effect of PBA on cell growth and viability of both bacteria and have shown that PBA has bactericidal effect in concentrations > 1.0 mg/mL, whereas in lower concentration it is bacteriostatic. In addition, we have shown that PBA impairs Pst ability to cause symptoms on tomato plants in a dose-dependent manner, whereas solely applied PBA did not affect plant morphology at bactericidal concentrations. CONCLUSION We report, for the first time, that PBA is a suitable agent for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. PBA has bacteriostatic activity in lower, and bactericidal activity in higher (> 1.0 mg/mL) concentrations. When applied on tomato plants, PBA managed to suppress symptoms caused by Pst, while having no adverse effect on plants at the bactericidal concentrations. As an additional benefit, PBA is environmentally friendly. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Martinko
- Division of Phytomedicine, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Ivanković
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edyta Đermić
- Division of Phytomedicine, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Đermić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu Z, Li G, Zhang F, Wu J. Enhanced biodegradation activity towards poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate) by anchor peptide assistant targeting. J Biotechnol 2022; 349:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Cutinases (EC 3.1.1.74) are serin esterases that belong to the α/β hydrolases superfamily and present in the Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad. They show characteristics between esterases and lipases. These enzymes hydrolyze esters and triacylglycerols and catalyze esterification and transesterification reactions. Cutinases are synthesize by plant pathogenic fungi, but some bacteria and plants have been found to produce cutinases as well. In nature they facilitate a pathogen’s invasion by hydrolyzing the cuticle that protects plants, but can be also used for saprophytic fungi as a way to nourish themselves. Cutinases can hydrolyze a wide range of substrates like esters, polyesters, triacylglycerols and waxes and that makes this enzyme very attractive for industrial purposes. This work discusses techniques of industrial interest such as immobilization and purification, as well as some of the most important uses of cutinases in industries.
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Gururaj P, Khushbu S, Monisha B, Selvakumar N, Chakravarthy M, Gautam P, Nandhini Devi G. Production, purification and application of Cutinase in enzymatic scouring of cotton fabric isolated from Acinetobacter baumannii AU10. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:550-561. [PMID: 33108946 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1836655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cotton scouring in the textile industry using alkali results in huge environmental impact which can be overcome by using enzymes. Pectinase along with cutinase gives enhanced bioscouring results. Cutin was extracted from tomato peels and was used as substrate in the microbial media. The strain isolated from tomato peel was identified as Acinetobacter baumannii AU10 by 16S rDNA sequencing. The cutinase production was optimized by Placket-Burman and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the maximum production of 82.75 U/mL obtained at sucrose 6.68% (w/v), gelatin 2.74 g/L at a temperature of 35.93 °C. Cutinase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion exchange chromatography with a recovery of 25.6% and specific activity of 38030 U/mg. The confirmation test for the purity of cutinase was analyzed by RP-HPLC. The molecular mass of cutinase was determined as 28.9 kDa by SDS-PAGE technique. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed a rough and open primary wall surface on the cutinase bioscoured fabric which confirmed its activity on cutin present in the cotton fabric. Additionally, the cutinase-bioscoured samples showed better absorbency than the untreated samples. Therefore, enzymatic scouring increases wetting capacity of scoured cotton and also helps to reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gururaj
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - S Khushbu
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - B Monisha
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - N Selvakumar
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - M Chakravarthy
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - P Gautam
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - G Nandhini Devi
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Adıgüzel AO, Tunçer M. Purification and characterization of cutinase from Bacillus sp. KY0701 isolated from plastic wastes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:925-933. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1365245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Münir Tunçer
- Department of Biology, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
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6
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Nature Inspired Solutions for Polymers: Will Cutinase Enzymes Make Polyesters and Polyamides Greener? Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Roles of Triolein and Lipolytic Protein in the Pathogenesis and Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1377-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Chen S, Su L, Chen J, Wu J. Cutinase: Characteristics, preparation, and application. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1754-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Production Optimization and Characterization of Recombinant Cutinases from Thermobifida fusca sp. NRRL B-8184. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:654-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Dutta K, Krishnamoorthy H, Venkata Dasu V. Novel cutinase from Pseudomonas cepacia NRRL B 2320: Purification, characterization and identification of cutinase encoding genes. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2013; 59:171-84. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.59.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Kazenwadel C, Eiben S, Maurer S, Beuttler H, Wetzl D, Hauer B, Koschorreck K. Thiol-functionalization of acrylic ester monomers catalyzed by immobilized Humicola insolens cutinase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inglis G, Yanke L, Selinger L. Cutinolytic esterase activity of bacteria isolated from mixed-plant compost and characterization of a cutinase gene fromPseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:902-13. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine cutinolytic esterase (i.e., cutinase) activity by pseudomonads and bacteria isolated from mixed-plant compost. Approximately 400 isolates representing 52 taxa recovered from mixed-plant compost using cuticle baits, along with 117 pseudomonad isolates obtained from a culture collection (i.e., non-compost habitats), were evaluated. The ability of isolates to degrade the synthetic cutin polycaprolactone (PCL) was initially measured. Isolates from 23 taxa recovered from the compost degraded PCL. As well, isolates from 13 taxa of pseudomonads cleared PCL. Secondary screening measured esterase activity induced by the presence of apple cuticle using the chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate. Eighteen isolates representing four taxa ( Alcaligenes faecalis , Bacillus licheniformis , Bacillus pumilus , and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes ) recovered from compost exhibited substantial esterase activity when grown with cuticle. In contrast, none of the pseudomonad isolates from the culture collection produced appreciable esterase activity. Although degradation of PCL was not correlated with esterase activity, isolates that were unable to degrade PCL failed to produce measureable esterase activities. Zymogram analysis indicated that the esterases produced by bacteria from compost ranged in size from 29 to 47 kDa. A gene from P. pseudoalcaligenes (cutA) was found to code for a cutin-induced esterase consisting of 302 amino acids and a theoretical protein size of 32 kDa. The enzyme was unique and was most closely related to other bacterial lipases (≤48% similarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Inglis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, 5403-1st Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - L.J. Yanke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, 5403-1st Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - L.B. Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, 4401 University Drive, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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13
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Study on Improvement of Extracellular Production of Recombinant Thermobifida fusca Cutinase by Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:666-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sultana R, Tanneeru K, Guruprasad L. The PE-PPE domain in mycobacterium reveals a serine α/β hydrolase fold and function: an in-silico analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16745. [PMID: 21347309 PMCID: PMC3037379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PE and PPE proteins first reported in the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv are now identified in all mycobacterial species. The PE-PPE domain (Pfam ID: PF08237) is a 225 amino acid residue conserved region located towards the C-terminus of some PE and PPE proteins and hypothetical proteins. Our in-silico sequence analysis revealed that this domain is present in all Mycobacteria, some Rhodococcus and Nocardia farcinica genomes. This domain comprises a pentapeptide sequence motif GxSxG/S at the N-terminus and conserved amino acid residues Ser, Asp and His that constitute a catalytic triad characteristic of lipase, esterase and cutinase activity. The fold prediction and comparative modeling of the 3-D structure of the PE-PPE domain revealed a "serine α/β hydrolase" structure with a central β-sheet flanked by α-helices on either side. The structure comprises a lid insertion with a closed structure conformation and has a solvent inaccessible active site. The oxyanion hole that stabilizes the negative charge on the tetrahedral intermediate has been identified. Our findings add to the growing list of serine hydrolases in mycobacterium, which are essential for the maintenance of their impermeable cell wall and virulence. These results provide the directions for the design of experiments to establish the function of PE and PPE proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiya Sultana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Fett WF, Gerard HC, Moreau RA, Osman SF, Jones LE. Screening of nonfilamentous bacteria for production of cutin-degrading enzymes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 58:2123-30. [PMID: 16348729 PMCID: PMC195744 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.7.2123-2130.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred thirty-two nonfilamentous bacterial strains, including saprophytes, plant pathogens, and opportunistic plant and human pathogens, were screened for the ability to produce cutinases (cutin-degrading esterases). Initially, esterase activity of culture filtrates of strains grown in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.4% apple or tomato cutin was determined by a spectrophotometric assay utilizing the model substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The culture filtrates of the 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains tested exhibited the highest esterase activity, with values of >500 nmol/min/ml. Of these 10 strains, 3 (K799, 1499A, and DAR41352) demonstrated significant induction (10-fold or above) of esterase activity by addition of cutin to nutrient broth-yeast extract medium. The ability of culture filtrates of the three strains to cause release of apple cutin monomers was confirmed by a novel high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Monomer identification was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses. Addition of the nonionic detergent n-octylglucoside stimulated cutinase activity of culture filtrates from strains K799 and DAR41352, but not that of filtrates from strain 1499A. Time course studies in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with apple cutin indicated maximal levels of cutinase in the culture fluids after cultures entered stationary phase. Incubation temperatures below the optimal temperature for growth (37 degrees C) led to maximal production of cutinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Fett
- Plant Science Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19118
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16
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Chen S, Su L, Billig S, Zimmermann W, Chen J, Wu J. Biochemical characterization of the cutinases from Thermobifida fusca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Heterologous expression, characterization and site-directed mutagenesis of cutinase CUTAB1 from Alternaria brassicicola. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:991-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Zimmermann W, Billig S. Enzymes for the Biofunctionalization of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate). ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 125:97-120. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Purification and identification of a novel cutinase from Coprinopsis cinerea by adsorptive bubble separation. Sep Purif Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Ronkvist ÅM, Lu W, Feder D, Gross RA. Cutinase-Catalyzed Deacetylation of Poly(vinyl acetate). Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa M. Ronkvist
- NSF I/URC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biololgical Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Wenhua Lu
- NSF I/URC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biololgical Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - David Feder
- NSF I/URC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biololgical Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Richard A. Gross
- NSF I/URC for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Department of Chemical and Biololgical Sciences, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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He G, Huo G, Liu L, Zhu Y, Du G, Chen J. Enhanced cutinase production of Thermobifida fusca by a two-stage batch and fed-batch cultivation strategy. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen S, Tong X, Woodard RW, Du G, Wu J, Chen J. Identification and characterization of bacterial cutinase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25854-62. [PMID: 18658138 PMCID: PMC3258855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800848200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinase, which exists in both fungi and bacteria, catalyzes the cleavage of the ester bonds of cutin. Fungal cutinases have been extensively studied, however, reports on bacterial cutinases have been limited due to the lack of knowledge concerning the identity of their open reading frames. In the present study, the cutinase from Thermobifida fusca was induced by cutin and purified to homogeneity by following p-nitrophenyl butyrate hydrolyzing activity. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of the wild-type enzyme matched two proteins, Tfu_0883 and Tfu_0882, which are 93% identical in sequence. Both proteins were cloned and overexpressed in their mature form. Recombinant Tfu_0883 and Tfu_0882 display very similar enzymatic properties and were confirmed to be cutinases by their capability to hydrolyze the ester bonds of cutin. Comparative characterization of Fusarium solani pisi and T. fusca cutinases indicated that they have similar substrate specificity and catalytic properties except that the T. fusca enzymes are thermally more stable. Homology modeling revealed that T. fusca cutinases adopt an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold that exhibits both similarities and variations from the fungal cutinase structure. A serine hydrolase catalytic mechanism involving a Ser(170)-His(248)-Asp(216) (Tfu_0883 numbering) catalytic triad was supported by active site-directed inhibition studies and mutational analyses. This is the first report of cutinase encoding genes from bacterial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Xing Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ronald W. Woodard
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Guocheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and
Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China,
the School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory
of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800
Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China, and the
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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24
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Fett WF, Wijey C, Moreau RA, Osman SF. Production of cutinase byThermomonospora fuscaATCC 27730. J Appl Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. F. Fett
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Plant Science & Technology Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - C. Wijey
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Plant Science & Technology Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - R. A. Moreau
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Plant Science & Technology Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - S. F. Osman
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Plant Science & Technology Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
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Abstract
Polyesters occur in higher plants as the structural component of the cuticle that covers the aerial parts of plants. This insoluble polymer, called cutin, attached to the epidermal cell walls is composed of interesterified hydroxy and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids. The most common chief monomers are 10,16-dihydroxy C16 acid, 18-hydroxy-9,10 epoxy C18 acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxy C18 acid. These monomers are produced in the epidermal cells by omega hydroxylation, in-chain hydroxylation, epoxidation catalyzed by P450-type mixed function oxidase, and epoxide hydration. The monomer acyl groups are transferred to hydroxyl groups in the growing polymer at the extracellular location. The other type of polyester found in the plants is suberin, a polymeric material deposited in the cell walls of a layer or two of cells when a plant needs to erect a barrier as a result of physical or biological stress from the environment, or during development. Suberin is composed of aromatic domains derived from cinnamic acid, and aliphatic polyester domains derived from C16 and C18 cellular fatty acids and their elongation products. The polyesters can be hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and cutinase, a polyesterase produced by bacteria and fungi. Catalysis by cutinase involves the active serine catalytic triad. The major function of the polyester in plants is as a protective barrier against physical, chemical, and biological factors in the environment, including pathogens. Transcriptional regulation of cutinase gene in fungal pathogens is being elucidated at a molecular level. The polyesters present in agricultural waste may be used to produce high value polymers, and genetic engineering might be used to produce large quantities of such polymers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Kolattukudy
- Ohio State University, 206 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Thirty-eight strains of filamentous bacteria, many of which are thermophilic or thermotolerant and commonly found in composts and mouldy fodders, were examined for their ability to produce cutinolytic esterase (cutinase) in culture media supplemented with cutin, suberin or cutin-containing agricultural by-products. Initially, the ability of culture supernatants to hydrolyse the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate was determined by spectrophotometric assays. Only one bacterium, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris NRRL B-16117, exhibited cutinolytic esterase production. The enzyme was highly inducible, was repressed by the presence of glucose in the medium and hydrolysed both apple and tomato cutins. Inducers included apple cutin, apple pomace, tomato peel, potato suberin and commercial cork. Unlike similar fungal enzymes, the T. vulgaris cutinolytic esterase was not inducible by cutin hydrolysate. The cutinolytic esterase exhibited a half-life of over 60 min at 70 degrees C and a pH optimum of >/= 11.0. This study indicates that thermophylic filamentous bacteria may be excellent commercial sources of heat-stable cutin-degrading enzymes that can be produced by fermentation of low cost feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Fett
- Plant Science and Technology, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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27
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Gindro K, Pezet R. Purification and characterization of a 40.8-kDa cutinase in ungerminated conidia of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 171:239-43. [PMID: 10077849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic soluble proteins from ungerminated conidia of Botrytis cinerea exhibited cutinase activity. A 40.8-kDa cutinase was purified to homogeneity from this crude conidial protein extract. This cutinase does not correspond either to constitutive or to induced lytic cutin enzymes already described by other authors. The possible role of this constitutive cutinase in the induction of other cutinolytic proteins in the early stages of infection of plants by B. cinerea is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gindro
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Systematical Botany and Geobotany, Switzerland.
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Raymer G, Willard JM, Schottel JL. Cloning, sequencing, and regulation of expression of an extracellular esterase gene from the plant pathogen Streptomyces scabies. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:7020-6. [PMID: 2254271 PMCID: PMC210823 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.12.7020-7026.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene that encodes the extracellular esterase produced by Streptomyces scabies has been cloned and sequenced. The gene was identified by hybridization to a synthetic oligonucleotide that corresponds to the amino-terminal amino acid sequence determined for the secreted form of the esterase. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a 345-amino-acid open reading frame, a putative ribosome-binding site, and 39 amino acids at the amino terminus of the sequence that is not found in the secreted protein. This 39-amino-acid sequence has many of the characteristics common to known signal peptides. End mapping the esterase transcript revealed a single 5' end of the mRNA located 51 nucleotides upstream from the start point for translation. Northern (RNA) hybridization analysis of the esterase message by using the cloned esterase gene as a probe indicated that the esterase mRNA is about 1,440 nucleotides in length and was detected only when the cells were grown in the presence of zinc. These results suggest that the level of esterase mRNA detected in the cells is regulated by zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raymer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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