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Chen H, Liang X, Li S, Cui Z, Yong Y, Ni Z, Bu Q, Zhu D. Straw lignin degradation by lignin peroxidase from Irpex lacteus cooperated with enzymes and small molecules. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:95-104. [PMID: 36482053 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maximizing the utility value of enzymes was achieved by exploring the effects of small molecules on the efficiency of lignin degradation by lignin peroxidase. METHODS Using wheat straw as raw material and taking lignin degradation rate as index, it was found that laccase, glucose oxidase, malonic acid, citric acid, ZnSO4, CaCl2 could promote the lignin degradation by the lignin peroxidase from Irpex lacteus, respectively. Moreover, glucose oxidase, malonic acid and CaCl2 had obvious synergy effects on lignin degradation by the lignin peroxidase. RESULTS The optimal conditions of lignin degradation were obtained by response surface experiment: 4% glucose oxidase, 0.74% malonic acid and 3.29% CaCl2 were added for synergistic degradation at 37 ℃ with 50% of water content. After 72 h quickly enzymatic hydrolysis, the degradation rate of lignin was 45.84%. CONCLUSIONS A new green and efficient method for lignin removal from straw was obtained, which provided a reference for the efficient utilization of straw and lignin peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhoulei Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangchun Yong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Microbial lignin peroxidases: Applications, production challenges and future perspectives. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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4
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Lambertz C, Ece S, Fischer R, Commandeur U. Progress and obstacles in the production and application of recombinant lignin-degrading peroxidases. Bioengineered 2016; 7:145-54. [PMID: 27295524 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1191705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is 1 of the 3 major components of lignocellulose. Its polymeric structure includes aromatic subunits that can be converted into high-value-added products, but this potential cannot yet been fully exploited because lignin is highly recalcitrant to degradation. Different approaches for the depolymerization of lignin have been tested, including pyrolysis, chemical oxidation, and hydrolysis under supercritical conditions. An additional strategy is the use of lignin-degrading enzymes, which imitates the natural degradation process. A versatile set of enzymes for lignin degradation has been identified, and research has focused on the production of recombinant enzymes in sufficient amounts to characterize their structure and reaction mechanisms. Enzymes have been analyzed individually and in combinations using artificial substrates, lignin model compounds, lignin and lignocellulose. Here we consider progress in the production of recombinant lignin-degrading peroxidases, the advantages and disadvantages of different expression hosts, and obstacles that must be overcome before such enzymes can be characterized and used for the industrial processing of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lambertz
- a Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Selin Ece
- a Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- a Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,b Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- a Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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5
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Semba Y, Ishida M, Yokobori SI, Yamagishi A. Ancestral amino acid substitution improves the thermal stability of recombinant lignin-peroxidase from white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain UAMH 3641. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:221-30. [PMID: 25858964 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilizing enzymes from mesophiles of industrial interest is one of the greatest challenges of protein engineering. The ancestral mutation method, which introduces inferred ancestral residues into a target enzyme, has previously been developed and used to improve the thermostability of thermophilic enzymes. In this report, we studied the ancestral mutation method to improve the chemical and thermal stabilities of Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase (LiP), a mesophilic fungal enzyme. A fungal ancestral LiP sequence was inferred using a phylogenetic tree comprising Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungal peroxidase sequences. Eleven mutant enzymes containing ancestral residues were designed, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Several of these ancestral mutants showed higher thermal stabilities and increased specific activities and/or kcat/KM than those of wild-type LiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Semba
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishida
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan Top Runner Incubation Center for Academia-Industry Fusion, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomiokamachi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yokobori
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamagishi
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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6
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Zelena K, Eisele N, Berger RG. Escherichia coli as a production host for novel enzymes from basidiomycota. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1382-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Coconi-Linares N, Magaña-Ortíz D, Guzmán-Ortiz DA, Fernández F, Loske AM, Gómez-Lim MA. High-yield production of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9283-94. [PMID: 25269601 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium secretes extracellular oxidative enzymes during secondary metabolism, but lacks versatile peroxidase, an enzyme important in ligninolysis and diverse biotechnology processes. In this study, we report the genetic modification of a P. chrysosporium strain capable of co-expressing two endogenous genes constitutively, manganese peroxidase (mnp1) and lignin peroxidase (lipH8), and the codon-optimized vpl2 gene from Pleurotus eryngii. For this purpose, we employed a highly efficient transformation method based on the use of shock waves developed by our group. The expression of recombinant genes was verified by PCR, Southern blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and assays of enzymatic activity. The production yield of ligninolytic enzymes was up to four times higher in comparison to previously published reports. These results may represent significant progress toward the stable production of ligninolytic enzymes and the development of an effective fungal strain with promising biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Coconi-Linares
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
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8
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Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1447-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Ayala M, Verdin J, Vazquez-Duhalt R. The prospects for peroxidase-based biorefining of petroleum fuels. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701379015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Wang W, Wen X. Expression of lignin peroxidase H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by multi-copy recombinant Pichia strain. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:218-222. [PMID: 19402425 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The lipH2 gene, encoding the expression of lignin peroxidase, was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33, a yeast. The cDNA of LiPH2 was generated from total RNA extracted from P. chrysosporium by PCR with primers that do not contain a P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase secretion signal. The gene was then successfully inserted into the expression vector pPICZalpha, and resulted in the recombinant vector pPICZalpha-lipH2. The transformation was conducted in two ways. One was using the wild Pichia pastoris as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with single or low lipH2 gene copy. The second was using P. pastoris and single or low lipH2 gene copy as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with multi-copies of lipH2 genes. This study firstly expressed the gene lipH2 in P. pastoris and achieved the successful expression of the lipH2 depending upon the generation of a recombinant strain that contained multiple copies. The lignin peroxidase activity reached a maximum of 15 U/L after 12 h induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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11
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Singh D, Chen S. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: conditions for the production of lignin-degrading enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:399-417. [PMID: 18810426 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating optimal conditions for lignin-degrading peroxidases production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) has been a topic for numerous researches. The capability of P. chrysosporium for producing lignin peroxidases (LiPs) and manganese peroxidases (MnPs) makes it a model organism of lignin-degrading enzymes production. Focusing on compiling and identifying the factors that affect LiP and MnP production by P. chrysosporium, this critical review summarized the main findings of about 200 related research articles. The major difficulty in using this organism for enzyme production is the instability of its productivity. This is largely due to the poor understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of P. chrysosporium responding to different nutrient sources in the culture medium, such as metal elements, detergents, lignin materials, etc. In addition to presenting the major conclusions and gaps of the current knowledge on lignin-degrading peroxidases production by P. chrysosporium, this review has also suggested further work, such as correlating the overexpression of the intra and extracellular proteins to the nutrients and other culture conditions to discover the regulatory cascade in the lignin-degrading peroxidases production process, which may contribute to the creation of improved P. chrysosporium strains leading to stable enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Center for Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Washington State University, L.J. Smith 213, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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12
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Lú-Chau TA, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Camarero S, Feijoo G, Martínez MJ, Lema JM, Martínez AT. Effect of pH on the stability of Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase during heterologous production in Emericella nidulans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2004; 26:287-93. [PMID: 15300480 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-004-0365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the new versatile peroxidase from the ligninolytic basidiomycete Pleurotus eryngii has been expressed in the ascomycete Emericella nidulans. In recombinant E. nidulans cultures, the pH reached values as high as 8.3, correlating with a sharp decrease in peroxidase activity. Peroxidase was rapidly inactivated at alkaline pH, but was comparatively stable at acidic pH. The peroxidase inactivation in alkaline buffer could be reversed by adding Ca(2+) and lowering the pH. However, reactivation did not result after incubating the enzyme in non-buffered E. nidulans cultures that reached pH 7.5. To optimize recombinant peroxidase production, the effect of controlling the pH in E. nidulans bioreactor cultures was studied. An extended growth period, and a significant increase in the recombinant peroxidase level (5.3-fold higher activity than in the bioreactor without pH control) was obtained when the pH was maintained at 6.8, showing that culture pH is an important parameter for recombinant peroxidase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Lú-Chau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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13
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Decelle B, Tsang A, Storms RK. Cloning, functional expression and characterization of three Phanerochaete chrysosporium endo-1,4-beta-xylanases. Curr Genet 2004; 46:166-75. [PMID: 15278289 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-004-0520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three Phanerochaete chrysosporium endo-1,4-beta-xylanase genes were cloned and expressed in Aspergillus niger. Two of these genes, xynA and xynC, encode family 10 glycoside hydrolases, while the third, xynB, codes for a family 11 glycoside hydrolase. All three xylanases possess a type I carbohydrate-binding domain connected to the catalytic domain by a linker region. The three xylanases were purified to homogeneity by weak anion or Avicell column chromatography and subsequently characterized. The XynA, XynB and XynC enzymes have molecular masses of 52, 30 and 50 kDa, respectively. Optimal activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and 70 degrees C with the family 10 xylanases and pH 4.5 and 60 degrees C with the family 11 xylanase. The measured Km when using birchwood xylan as the substrate was 3.71 +/- 0.69 mg/ml for XynA and XynC and was 9.96 +/- 1.45 mg/ml for XynB. Substrate specificity studies and the products released during the degradation of birchwood xylan suggest differences in catalytic properties between the two family 10 xylanases and the family 11 xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Decelle
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Martı́nez AT. Molecular biology and structure-function of lignin-degrading heme peroxidases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Peroxidases are oxidoreductases that utilize hydrogen peroxide to catalyze oxidative reactions. A large number of peroxidases have been identified in fungal species and are being characterized at the molecular level. In this manuscript we review the current knowledge on the molecular aspects of this type of enzymes. We present an overview of the research efforts undertaken in deciphering the structural basis of the catalytic properties of fungal peroxidases and discuss molecular genetics and protein homology aspects of this enzyme class. Finally, we summarize the potential biotechnological applications of these enzymes and evaluate recent advances on their expression in heterologous systems for production purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Conesa
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
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17
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Conesa A, van den Hondel CA, Punt PJ. Studies on the production of fungal peroxidases in Aspergillus niger. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:3016-23. [PMID: 10877800 PMCID: PMC92105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.7.3016-3023.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To get insight into the limiting factors existing for the efficient production of fungal peroxidase in filamentous fungi, the expression of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase H8 (lipA) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) H4 (mnp1) genes in Aspergillus niger has been studied. For this purpose, a protease-deficient A. niger strain and different expression cassettes have been used. Northern blotting experiments indicated high steady-state mRNA levels for the recombinant genes. Manganese peroxidase was secreted into the culture medium as an active protein. The recombinant protein showed specific activity and a spectrum profile similar to those of the native enzyme, was correctly processed at its N terminus, and had a slightly lower mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Recombinant MnP production could be increased up to 100 mg/liter upon hemoglobin supplementation of the culture medium. Lignin peroxidase was also secreted into the extracellular medium, although the protein was not active, presumably due to incorrect processing of the secreted enzyme. Expression of the lipA and mnp1 genes fused to the A. niger glucoamylase gene did not result in improved production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conesa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
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18
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Nie G, Reading NS, Aust SD. Expression of the lignin peroxidase H2 gene from Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 249:146-50. [PMID: 9705846 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The DNA sequence for the extracellular lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, obtained from cDNA clone lambda ML-6, was synthesized by PCR and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the T7 promoter. The portion of the cDNA encoding the signal peptide, not found in the mature native enzyme, was not included. Recombinated lignin peroxidase H2 (rLiPH2) was produced in inclusion bodies in an inactive form. Active enzyme was obtained by refolding with glutathione-mediated oxidation in a medium containing urea, Ca2+, and hemin. The recombinant enzyme had spectral characteristics and kinetic properties identical to that of native enzyme isolated from P. chrysosporium. Surprisingly, rLiPH2, like the native enzyme, also exhibited some manganese peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nie
- Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4705, USA
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Lin Q, Li JK, Lam HY. Improved heterologous expression of the white-rot fungal ligninase H8 by crossover linker mutagenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997; 66:269-79. [PMID: 9276925 DOI: 10.1007/bf02785593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using the crossover-linker mutagenesis method, the 5' noncoding region of the lambda ML-1 cDNA, which encodes the ligninase H8 isozyme of the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was deleted with the simultaneous insertion of the putative Spodoptera frugiperda ribosome-binding sequence (RBS) (TATAAAT) directly in front of the translation-initiation codon of this gene. A recombinant baculovirus, pVL-Mu-H8, carrying the ligninase-H8 gene was successfully constructed, as determined by both sequence analysis and dot blot hybridization. A more than 18-fold increase in the expression of ligninase H8, compared to the previous pEV11-1A.3 recombinant baculovirus, was detected in the Sf-21 insect cells. This enzyme was detected within 3 d postinfection and was biologically active, capable of oxidizing the model lignin compound, veratryl alcohol. The molecular weight of the overexpressed 42 kD protein was similar to that of the native fungal ligninase-H8 isozyme and it also reacted specifically with the anti-H8 monoclonal antibody (MAb 2D4.9) in Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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von Ossowski I, Teeri T, Kalkkinen N, Oker-Blom C. Expression of a fungal cellobiohydrolase in insect cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:25-9. [PMID: 9144389 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene for Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) was expressed with a recombinant baculovirus and high levels of secreted protein were produced in Spodoptera frugiperda and Trichoplusia ni insect cells. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that the recombinant CBHI (rCBHI) was similar in apparent molecular weight to the native form and immunoblotting with anti-CBHI monoclonal antibodies confirmed its identity. The rCBHI was easily purified by affinity and hydrophobic interaction chromatography and demonstrated enzymatic activity on soluble substrate.
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Abstract
This review highlights significant recent advances in the molecular genetics of white-rot fungi and identifies areas where information remains sketchy. The development of critical experimental tools such as genetic mapping techniques is described. A major portion of the text focuses on the structure, genomic organization and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding peroxidases, laccases and glyoxal oxidase. Finally, recent efforts on heterologous expression of lignin-degrading enzymes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cullen
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Doyle WA, Smith AT. Expression of lignin peroxidase H8 in Escherichia coli: folding and activation of the recombinant enzyme with Ca2+ and haem. Biochem J 1996; 315 ( Pt 1):15-9. [PMID: 8670100 PMCID: PMC1217164 DOI: 10.1042/bj3150015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An engineered cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium encoding both the mature and pro-sequence regions of Lip isoenzyme H8 (Lip) has been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein (LipP*) was sequestered in inclusion bodies. The reduced-denatured polypeptide has been purified by differential solubilization, and the active enzyme recovered after controlled in vitro refolding (albeit in low yield), by glutathione-mediated oxidation of disulphides, in a folding medium containing an intermediate concentration of urea, Ca2+, and haem. The procedure is analogous to that previously described for the production of active recombinant horseradish peroxidase (HRP-C*) from inclusion-body material. It is quite possible, therefore, that this type of procedure may be suitable for the recovery of most, if not all, active recombinant peroxidases. The resultant LipP* has spectral characteristics identical with that of the native enzyme as isolated from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Its specific activity measured in the standard veratryl alcohol (VA) assay was 39 micromol of VA oxidized/min per mg of protein, a value which compares extremely favourably with that of the native enzyme (36 micromol of VA/min per mg). Although levels of active enzyme obtained are not yet as high as in the case of HRP-C* (1% conversion of crude inactive LipP* polypeptide into pure fully active Lip), it is envisaged that further refinement of the expression/folding/activation procedures will provide sufficient protein for biophysical characterization of both the wild-type and site-directed mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Doyle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, U.K
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Johnson TM, Mann WR, Dragland CJ, Anderson RC, Nemecek GM, Bell PA. Over-expression and characterization of active recombinant rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase II using baculovirus. Biochem J 1995; 309 ( Pt 2):689-93. [PMID: 7626037 PMCID: PMC1135785 DOI: 10.1042/bj3090689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II) was heterologously expressed using a recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system. Unlike Escherichia coli, the baculovirus-infected insect cells expressed mostly soluble active recombinant CPT-II (rCPT-II). CPT activity from crude lysates of recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells was maximal between 50 and 72 h post-infection, with a peak specific activity of 100-200 times that found in the mock- or wild-type-infected control lysates. Milligram quantities (up to 1.8 mg/l of culture) of active rCPT-II were chromatographically purified from large-scale cultures of insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus. The rCPT-II was found to be: (1) similar in size to the native rat liver enzyme (approximately 70 kDa) as judged by SDS/PAGE; (2) immunoreactive with a polyclonal serum raised against rat liver CPT-II; and (3) not glycosylated. Kinetic analysis of soluble rCPT-II revealed Km values for carnitine and palmitoyl-CoA of 950 +/- 27 microM and 34 +/- 5.6 microM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Johnson
- Regulatory Toxicology Department, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, New Jersey 07936-1080, USA
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Johnson TM, Kocher HP, Anderson RC, Nemecek GM. Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of a cDNA encoding pigeon liver carnitine acetyltransferase. Biochem J 1995; 305 ( Pt 2):439-44. [PMID: 7832757 PMCID: PMC1136381 DOI: 10.1042/bj3050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two overlapping cDNA clones encoding pigeon liver carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) (CAT) were isolated from a pigeon liver lambda gt11 cDNA library by gene amplification using oligonucleotide primers based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme. The two clones, which represent the 5' and 3' ends of the gene, were spliced together to form a single cDNA construct containing the entire coding sequence for CAT, with an in-frame TGA stop codon 42 bases before the first ATG start site and a 3'-untranslated segment of 1057 bases. The largest open reading frame of 1942 nucleotides predicted a polypeptide of 627 amino acids and a molecular mass of 71.1 kDa. The N-terminus and four internal peptides from the amino acid sequence of pigeon breast muscle CAT were identified in the predicted sequence of the liver cDNA clone. The identity of the CAT cDNA was confirmed by heterologous expression of active recombinant CAT (rCAT) in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. Western blots of rCAT from infected insect cell lysates and immunodetection with a rabbit anti-CAT polyclonal serum showed an immunoreactive protein band similar in size to native CAT from pigeon breast muscle. Like the native enzyme, rCAT was capable of acylating carnitine with a preference for small-chain acyl-CoAs of carbon chain lengths C2-C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Johnson
- Diabetes Department, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ 07936-1080
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Comparative study of the inactivation of horseradish peroxidase under the effect of H2O2 and ionizing radiation. Russ Chem Bull 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mayfield MB, Kishi K, Alic M, Gold MH. Homologous expression of recombinant manganese peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:4303-9. [PMID: 7811070 PMCID: PMC201985 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.12.4303-4309.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The promoter region of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) was used to drive expression of mnp1, the gene encoding Mn peroxidase isozyme 1, in primary metabolic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A 1,100-bp fragment of the P. chrysosporium gpd promoter region was fused upstream of the mnp1 gene to construct plasmid pAGM1, which contained the Schizophyllum commune ade5 gene as a selectable marker. pAGM1 was used to transform a P. chrysosporium ade1 auxotroph to prototrophy. Ade+ transformants were screened for peroxidase activity on a solid medium containing high carbon and high nitrogen (2% glucose and 24 mM NH4 tartrate) and o-anisidine as the peroxidase substrate. Several transformants that expressed high peroxidase activities were purified and analyzed further in liquid cultures. Recombinant Mn peroxidase (rMnP) was expressed and secreted by transformant cultures on day 2 under primary metabolic growth conditions (high carbon and high nitrogen), whereas endogenous wild-type mnp genes were not expressed under these conditions. Expression of rMnP was not influenced by the level of Mn in the culture medium, as previously observed for the wild-type Mn peroxidase (wtMnP). The amount of active rMnP expressed and secreted in this system was comparable to the amount of enzyme expressed by the wild-type strain under ligninolytic conditions. rMnP was purified to homogeneity by using DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, Blue Agarose chromatography, and Mono Q column chromatography. The M(r) and absorption spectrum of rMnP were essentially identical to the M(r) and absorption spectrum of wtMnP, indicating that heme insertion, folding, and secretion were normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mayfield
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, Portland 97291-1000
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Catalytic properties of Phe41?His mutant of horseradish peroxidase expressed inE. coli. Russ Chem Bull 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gold MH, Alic M. Molecular biology of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Microbiol Rev 1993; 57:605-22. [PMID: 8246842 PMCID: PMC372928 DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.3.605-622.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium completely degrades lignin and a variety of aromatic pollutants during the secondary metabolic phase of growth. Two families of secreted heme enzymes, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), are major components of the extracellular lignin degradative system of this organism. MnP and LiP both are encoded by families of genes, and the lip genes appear to be clustered. The lip genes contain eight or nine short introns; the mnp genes contain six or seven short introns. The sequences surrounding active-site residues are conserved among LiP, MnP, cytochrome c peroxidase, and plant peroxidases. The eight LiP cysteine residues align with 8 of the 10 cysteines in MnP. LiPs are synthesized as preproenzymes with a 21-amino-acid signal sequence followed by a 6- or 7-amino-acid propeptide. MnPs have a 21- or 24-amino-acid signal sequence but apparently lack a propeptide. Both LiP and MnP are regulated at the mRNA level by nitrogen, and the various isozymes may be differentially regulated by carbon and nitrogen. MnP also is regulated at the level of gene transcription by Mn(II), the substrate for the enzyme, and by heat shock. The promoter regions of mnp genes contain multiple heat shock elements as well as sequences that are identical to the consensus metal regulatory elements found in mammalian metallothionein genes. DNA transformation systems have been developed for P. chrysosporium and are being used for studies on gene regulation and for gene replacement experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Gold
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Portland 97291-1000
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Johnson TM, Pease EA, Li JK, Tien M. Production and characterization of recombinant lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium using recombinant baculovirus. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 296:660-6. [PMID: 1632652 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 (pI 4.4) was produced in insect cells infected with a genetically engineered baculovirus containing a copy of the cDNA clone lambda ML-6. The recombinant enzyme was purified to near homogeneity and is capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, iodide, and, to a lesser extent, guaiacol. The Km of the recombinant enzyme for veratryl alcohol and H2O2 is similar to that of the fungal enzyme. The guaiacol oxidation activity or any other activity is not dependent upon Mn2+. The purified recombinant peroxidase is glycosylated with N-linked carbohydrate(s). The recombinant lignin peroxidase eluted from an anion exchange resin similar to that of native isozyme H1 rather than H2. However, the pI of the recombinant enzymes is different from both H1 and H2 isozymes. Further characterization of native isozymes H1 and H2 from the fungal cultures revealed identical N-terminus residues. This indicates that isozymes H1 and H2 differ in post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5500
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