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Bonnot O, Klünemann HH, Sedel F, Tordjman S, Cohen D, Walterfang M. Diagnostic and treatment implications of psychosis secondary to treatable metabolic disorders in adults: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:65. [PMID: 24775716 PMCID: PMC4043981 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It is important for psychiatrists to be aware of certain inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) as these rare disorders can present as psychosis, and because definitive treatments may be available for treating the underlying metabolic cause. A systematic review was conducted to examine IEMs that often present with schizophrenia-like symptoms. Data sources Published literature on MEDLINE was assessed regarding diseases of homocysteine metabolism (DHM; cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency [CbS-D] and homocysteinemia due to methyltetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency [MTHFR-D]), urea cycle disorders (UCD), acute porphyria (POR), Wilson disease (WD), cerebrotendinous-xanthomatosis (CTX) and Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C). Study selection Case reports, case series or reviews with original data regarding psychiatric manifestations and cognitive impairment published between January 1967 and June 2012 were included based on a standardized four-step selection process. Data extraction All selected articles were evaluated for descriptions of psychiatric signs (type, severity, natural history and treatment) in addition to key disease features. Results A total of 611 records were identified. Information from CbS-D (n = 2), MTHFR-D (n = 3), UCD (n = 8), POR (n = 12), WD (n = 11), CTX (n = 14) and NP-C publications (n = 9) were evaluated. Six non-systematic literature review publications were also included. In general, published reports did not provide explicit descriptions of psychiatric symptoms. The literature search findings are presented with a didactic perspective, showing key features for each disease and psychiatric signs that should trigger psychiatrists to suspect that psychotic symptoms may be secondary to an IEM. Conclusion IEMs with a psychiatric presentation and a lack of, or sub-clinical, neurological signs are rare, but should be considered in patients with atypical psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bonnot
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, 7 quai Moncousu, 44 000 Nantes, France.
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2
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Ke B. The Reaction-Center Complex of Photosystem II: Early Electron-Transfer Components and Reactions. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Wasielewski MR, Johnson DG, Seibert M. Determination of the primary charge separation rate in isolated photosystem II reaction centers with 500-fs time resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 86:524-8. [PMID: 16594012 PMCID: PMC286504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.2.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured directly the rate of formation of the oxidized chlorophyll a electron donor (P680(+)) and the reduced electron acceptor pheophytin a(-) (Pheoa(-)) following excitation of isolated spinach photosystem II reaction centers at 4 degrees C. The reaction-center complex consists of D(1), D(2), and cytochrome b-559 proteins and was prepared by a procedure that stabilizes the protein complex. Transient absorption difference spectra were measured from 440 to 850 nm as a function of time with 500-fs resolution following 610-nm laser excitation. The formation of P680(+)-Pheoa(-) is indicated by the appearance of a band due to P680(+) at 820 nm and corresponding absorbance changes at 505 and 540 nm due to formation of Pheoa(-). The appearance of the 820-nm band is monoexponential with tau = 3.0 +/- 0.6 ps. The time constant for decay of (1*)P680, the lowest excited singlet state of P680, monitored at 650 nm, is tau = 2.6 +/- 0.6 ps and agrees with that of the appearance of P680(+) within experimental error. Treatment of the photosystem II reaction centers with sodium dithionite and methyl viologen followed by exposure to laser excitation, conditions known to result in accumulation of Pheoa(-), results in formation of a transient absorption spectrum due to (1*)P680. We find no evidence for an electron acceptor that precedes the formation of Pheoa(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wasielewski
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
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Davis MS, Forman A, Fajer J. Ligated chlorophyll cation radicals: Their function in photosystem II of plant photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 76:4170-4. [PMID: 16592698 PMCID: PMC411532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium tetraphenylchlorin, a synthetic model for chlorophyll, exhibits significant variations in the unpaired spin densities of its cation radicals with concomitant changes in oxidation potentials as a function of solvent and axial ligand. Similar effects are observed for chlorophyll (Chl) a and its cation radicals. Oxidation potentials for Chl --> Chl(+.) as high as +0.9 V (against a normal hydrogen electrode) are observed in nonaqueous solvents, with linewidths of the electron spin resonance signals of monomeric Chl(+.) ranging between 9.2 and 7.8 G in solution. These changes in electronic configuration and ease of oxidation are attributed to mixing of two nearly degenerate ground states of the radicals theoretically predicted by molecular orbital calculations. Comparison of the properties of chlorophyll in vitro with the optical, redox, and magnetic characteristics attributed to P-680, the primary donor of photosystem II which mediates oxygen evolution in plant photosynthesis, leads us to suggest that P-680 may be a ligated chlorophyll monomer whose function as a phototrap is determined by interactions with its (protein?) environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Davis
- Department of Energy and Environment, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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5
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Tomo T, Okubo T, Akimoto S, Yokono M, Miyashita H, Tsuchiya T, Noguchi T, Mimuro M. Identification of the special pair of photosystem II in a chlorophyll d-dominated cyanobacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7283-8. [PMID: 17431035 PMCID: PMC1851883 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701847104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of photosystem II (PSII) in the chlorophyll (Chl) d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina MBIC 11017 was investigated to enhance the general understanding of the energetics of the PSII reaction center. We first purified photochemically active complexes consisting of a 47-kDa Chl protein (CP47), CP43' (PcbC), D1, D2, cytochrome b(559), PsbI, and a small polypeptide. The pigment composition per two pheophytin (Phe) a molecules was 55 +/- 7 Chl d, 3.0 +/- 0.4 Chl a, 17 +/- 3 alpha-carotene, and 1.4 +/- 0.2 plastoquinone-9. The special pair was detected by a reversible absorption change at 713 nm (P713) together with a cation radical band at 842 nm. FTIR difference spectra of the specific bands of a 3-formyl group allowed assignment of the special pair. The combined results indicate that the special pair comprises a Chl d homodimer. The primary electron acceptor was shown by photoaccumulation to be Phe a, and its potential was shifted to a higher value than that in the Chl a/Phe a system. The overall energetics of PSII in the Chl d system are adjusted to changes in the redox potentials, with P713 as the special pair using a lower light energy at 713 nm. Taking into account the reported downward shift in the potential of the special pair of photosystem I (P740) in A. marina, our findings lend support to the idea that changes in photosynthetic pigments combine with a modification of the redox potentials of electron transfer components to give rise to an energetic adjustment of the total reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Research, and
| | - Tatsunori Okubo
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; and
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Research, and
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsuchiya
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Research, and
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; and
| | - Mamoru Mimuro
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Research, and
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be sent at the † address. E-mail:
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Ohnishi N, Kashino Y, Satoh K, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y. Chloroplast-encoded Polypeptide PsbT Is Involved in the Repair of Primary Electron Acceptor QA of Photosystem II during Photoinhibition in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:7107-15. [PMID: 17215255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606763200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PsbT is a small chloroplast-encoded hydrophobic polypeptide associated with the D1/D2 heterodimer of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and is required for the efficient post-translational repair of photodamaged PSII. Here we addressed that role in detail in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild type and DeltapsbT cells by analyzing the activities of PSII, the assembly of PSII proteins, and the redox components of PSII during photoinhibition and repair. Strong illumination of cells for 15 min decreased the activities of electron transfer through PSII and Q(A) photoreduction by 50%, and it reduced the amount of atomic manganese by 20%, but it did not affect the steady-state level of PSII proteins, photoreduction of pheophytin (pheo(D1)), and the amount of bound plastoquinone (Q(A)), indicating that the decrease in PSII activity resulted mainly from inhibition of the electron transfer from pheo(D1) to Q(A). In wild type cells, we observed parallel recovery of electron transfer activity through PSII and Q(A) photoreduction, suggesting that the recovery of Q(A) activity is one of the rate-limiting steps of PSII repair. In DeltapsbT cells, the repairs of electron transfer activity through PSII and of Q(A) photoreduction activity were both impaired, but PSII protein turnover was unaffected. Moreover, about half the Q(A) was lost from the PSII core complex during purification. Since PsbT is intimately associated with the Q(A)-binding region on D2, we propose that this polypeptide enhances the efficient recovery of Q(A) photoreduction by stabilizing the structure of the Q(A)-binding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Ohnishi
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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7
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Satoh K, Katoh S. A functional site of Ca2+
in the oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparation from Synechococcus
sp. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)81283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Shuvalov V, Klimov V, Dolan E, Parson W, Ke B. Nanosecond fluorescence and absorbance changes in photosystem II at low redox potential. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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den Blanken H, Hoff A, Jongenelis A, Diner B. High-resolution triplet-minus-singlet absorbance difference spectrum of photosystem II particles. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Evidence for the photo-induced oxidation of the primary electron donor P680 in the isolated photosystem II reaction centre. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Nugent JH, Telfer A, Demetriou C, Barber J. Electron transfer in the isolated photosystem II reaction centre complex. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Barber J, Chapman D, Telfer A. Characterisation of a PS II reaction centre isolated from the chloroplasts ofPisum sativum. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Bumann D, Oesterhelt D. Destruction of a single chlorophyll is correlated with the photoinhibition of photosystem II with a transiently inactive donor side. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:12195-9. [PMID: 11607621 PMCID: PMC40323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments destroyed during photoinhibition of water-splitting photosystem II core complexes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were studied. Under conditions of a transiently inactivated donor side, illumination leads to an irreversible inhibition of the electron transfer at the donor side that is paralleled by the destruction of chlorophylls a absorbing maximally around 674 and 682 nm. The observed stochiometry of 1 +/- 0.1 destroyed chlorophyll per inhibited photosystem II suggests that chlorophyll destruction could be the primary photodamage causing the inhibition of photosystem II under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bumann
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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14
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Hillmann B, Schlodder E. Electron transfer reactions in Photosystem II core complexes from Synechococcus at low temperature — difference spectrum of P680+QA−P680 QA at 77 K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00068-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Carbonera D, Giacometti G, Agostini G. A well resolved ODMR triplet minus singlet spectrum of P680 from PSII particles. FEBS Lett 1994; 343:200-4. [PMID: 8174701 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An ADMR T-S spectrum of the primary donor (P680) of photosystem II (PSII) was obtained from anaerobically photoreduced particles. The spectrum is the best resolved obtained so far having a main bleaching band at 684 nm with a linewidth of only 100 cm-1. The view that this spectrum is produced by native homogeneous P680 unlike those obtained before is defended. A small bleaching observed at 678 nm is discussed in terms of the reaction center structure. One possible interpretation of the observations is that P680 is a very loose dimer with an exciton splitting of only 144 cm-1 corresponding to a dimer center-to-center distance of roughly 11.5 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carbonera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padua, Italy
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16
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Allakhverdiev SI, Ahmed A, Tajmir-Riahi HA, Klimov VV, Carpentier R. Light-induced Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the cation radical P680+. FEBS Lett 1994; 339:151-4. [PMID: 8313965 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the primary electron donor of photosystem II, P680, is still under debate. It is not decided if it is composed of a chlorophyll (Chl) monomer or dimer. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the changes in the vibration modes occurring upon photooxidation of P680 in a Mn-depleted PS II preparation. It is demonstrated that illumination of the above in the presence of artificial electron acceptors results in a light-minus-dark absorbance change typical of the formation of P680+. The light-minus-dark difference FTIR spectrum obtained under similar conditions is characterized by two negative peaks located at 1694 and 1652 or 1626 cm-1 that can be assigned to the 9-keto groups of the P680 Chl, the latter band being indicative of a strongly associated group. These vibrations are shifted to 1714 and 1676 cm-1, respectively, in the positive features of the difference spectrum attributed to P680+. The occurrence of two pairs of bands attributed to 9-keto groups is discussed in terms of P680 being formed of a Chl dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Allakhverdiev
- Centre de recherche en photobiophysique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
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17
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Durrant JR, Hastings G, Joseph DM, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DR. Rate of oxidation of P680 in isolated photosystem 2 reaction centers monitored by loss of chlorophyll stimulated emission. Biochemistry 1993; 32:8259-67. [PMID: 8347624 DOI: 10.1021/bi00083a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have continued our studies of the primary photochemistry of isolated photosystem 2 reaction centers using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Experiments were performed over a wide range of excitation and probe wavelengths, using several data collection time scales. This has enabled us to resolve five different lifetimes ranging between 100 fs and 200 ps plus a nanosecond component. We demonstrate here and elsewhere [e.g., Durrant, J.R., Hastings, G., Joseph, D. M., Barber, J., Porter, G., & Klug, D. R. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 11632-11636] that the kinetic spectra associated with all but two of these lifetimes are clearly distinguishable. We have previously reported that a 21-ps lifetime is associated with pheophytin reduction [Hastings, G., Durrant, J. R., Hong, Q., Barber, J., Porter, G., & Klug, D. R. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7638-7647]. In this paper, we show that it is possible to spectrally and temporally resolve stimulated emission from PS2 reaction centers with great accuracy and that this stimulated emission is largely unaffected by those kinetic components which are faster than 21 ps. The observation of a distinct stimulated emission band allows us to distinguish charge-separated states from chlorin singlet states. In this way, we are able to show that the proportion of charge-separated states prior to the 21-ps component is between 0% and 25%. We also show that the shape of the spectrum which we obtain for the state P680+Ph- is essentially invariant between 100 ps and 9 ns, and is the same as that previously reported for P680+Ph- by other researchers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Durrant
- Department of Biology, Imperial College, London, U.K
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Durrant JR, Hastings G, Joseph DM, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DR. Subpicosecond equilibration of excitation energy in isolated photosystem II reaction centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:11632-6. [PMID: 1454856 PMCID: PMC50607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II reaction centers have been studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve good photoselectivity between the primary electron donor P680 and the majority of the accessory chlorins. Energy transfer can be observed in both directions between P680 and these accessory chlorins depending on which is initially excited. After excitation of either P680 or the other chlorins, the excitation energy is observed to equilibrate between the majority of these pigments at a rate of 100 +/- 50 fs-1. This energy-transfer equilibration takes place before any electron-transfer reactions and must therefore be taken into account in studies of primary electron-transfer reactions in photosystem II. We also show further evidence that the initially excited P680 excited singlet state is delocalized over at least two chlorins and that this delocalization lasts for at least 200 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Durrant
- Department of Biology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Durrant JR, Hastings G, Hong Q, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DR. Determination of P680 singlet state lifetimes in photosystem two reaction centres. Chem Phys Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)85088-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Time-resolved spectroscopy at 10 K of the Photosystem II reaction center; deconvolution of the red absorption band. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Satoh K, Hansson Ö, Mathis P. Charge recombination between stabilized P-680+ and reduced cytochrome b-559 in quinone-reconstituted PS II reaction center. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90014-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Orientation of the Pheophytin Primary Electron Acceptor and of the Cytochrome B559 in the D1D2 Photosystem II Reaction Center. THE JERUSALEM SYMPOSIA ON QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0489-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Gerken S, Dekker J, Schlodder E, Witt H. Studies on the multiphasic charge recombination between chlorophyll aII+ (P-680+) and plastoquinone QA− in photosystem II complexes. Ultraviolet difference spectrum of Chl-aII+/Chl-aII. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wasielewski MR, Johnson DG, Preston C, Seibert M. Determination of the primary charge separation rate in Photosystem II reaction centers at 15 K. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 22:89-99. [PMID: 24424681 DOI: 10.1007/bf00114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/1989] [Accepted: 04/26/1989] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the rate constant for the formation of the oxidized chlorophyll a electron donor (P680(+)) and the reduced electron acceptor pheophytin a (-) (Pheo a (-)) following excitation of isolated Photosystem II reaction centers (PS II RC) at 15 K. This PS II RC complex consists of D1, D2, and cytochrome b-559 proteins and was prepared by a procedure which stabilizes the protein complex. Transient absorption difference spectra were measured from 450-840 nm as a function of time with 500fs resolution following 610 nm laser excitation. The formation of P680(+)-Pheo a (-) is indicated by the appearance of a band due to P680(+) at 820 nm and corresponding absorbance changes at 490, 515 and 546 nm due to the formation of Pheo a (-). The appearance of the 490 nm and 820 nm bands is monoexponenital with τ=1.4±0.2 ps. Treatment of the PS II RC with sodium dithionite and methyl viologen followed by exposure to laser excitation results in accumulation of Pheo a (-). Laser excitation of these prereduced RCs at 15 K results in formation of a transient absorption spectrum assigned to (1*)P680. We observe wavelength-dependent kinetics for the recovery of the transient bleach of the Qy absorption bands of the pigments in both untreated and pre-reduced PS II RCs at 15K. This result is attributed to an energy transfer process within the PS II RC at low temperature that is not connected with charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wasielewski
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 60439, Argonne, IL, U.S.A
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25
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Yamagishi A, Fork DC. Photoreduction of QA, QB, and cytochrome b-559 in an oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparation from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987; 259:124-30. [PMID: 3120642 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced absorption changes in an oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PS II) preparation from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. were analyzed using continuous illumination which caused the reduction of both QA (first stable quinone electron acceptor) and QB (second quinone electron acceptor of photosystem II). In this photosystem II preparation in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) the amount of QA was estimated to be 1 per 42 chlorophylls. In the absence of DCMU, plastoquinone (1.68 per QA) was photoreduced to plastohydroquinone within a few seconds, indicating that QB is reduced and protonated during this period. An electrochromic band shift centered around 685 nm was observed with and without DCMU. The extent of this band shift caused by QB reduction per electron was about a third or half of that caused by QA reduction. A significant amount of cytochrome b-559 (0.86 per QA) was photoreduced. Only 60% of the photoreduction of cytochrome b-559 was inhibited by a DCMU concentration that inhibited electron transfer beyond QB, indicating that the site of the reduction of cytochrome b-559 is located before the QB site and possibly on the donor side of PS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamagishi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305
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26
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Takahashi Y, Hansson Ö, Mathis P, Satoh K. Primary radical pair in the Photosystem II reaction centre. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hoff A. Chapter 5 Electron paramagnetic resonance in photosynthesis. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nuijs AM, van Gorkom HJ, Plijter JJ, Duysens LN. Primary-charge separation and excitation of chlorophyll a in photosystem II particles from spinach as studied by picosecond absorbance-difference spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Numbers and functions of plastoquinone molecules associated with photosystem II preparations from Synechococcus sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schatz GH, van Gorkom HJ. Absorbance difference spectra upon charge transfer to secondary donors and acceptors in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Kinetics of manganese redox transitions in the oxygen-evolving apparatus of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brettel K, Schlodder E, Witt H. Nanosecond reduction kinetics of photooxidized chlorophyll-aII (P-680) in single flashes as a probe for the electron pathway, H+-release and charge accumulation in the O2-evolving complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schenck C, Diner B, Mathis P, Satoh K. Flash-induced carotenoid radical cation formation in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Proton and nitrogen electron nuclear double and triple resonance of the chlorophyll a anion in liquid solution. Chem Phys Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(82)83449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Il'ina MD, Borisov AY. The fractionation of plant photoactive pigment-protein complexes I and II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 590:345-52. [PMID: 7378393 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pigment-protein complexes enriched with Photosystem I (PPC-I) and Photosystem II (PPC-II) were obtained using sievorptive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex column. Both types of complexes contain Chlorophyll a, beta-carotene and minor quantities of Chl b. Red absorbance maxima are located at 676 nm and 673 nm for PPC-I and PPC-II, respectively. The degrees of reaction centre enrichment were measured by the method of differential spectrophotometry: PPC-I has one P-700 per 35 bulk Chl a molecules, PPC-II contains one P-680 per 18 bulk Chl a molecules. The yield of PPC-II is 7--10 times lower than that of PPC-I. After one chromatographic procedure the amount of P-680 in PPC-I preparation does not exceed 7% of that of P-700, the amount of P-700 in PPC-II preparation 2% of that of P-680. The product of PPC-II degradation was studied.
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Ke B, Dolan E. Flash-induced charge separation and dark recombination in a photosystem-II subchloroplast particle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 590:401-6. [PMID: 7378397 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The decay time of flash-induced absorption changes in a Photosystem-II subchloroplast fragment is very temperature sensitive down to 210 K, below which it remains constant at 1.25 +/- 0.05 ms. The difference spectrum from the near-infra-red to the ultraviolet regions indicates that the monophasic decay represents charge recombination between P-680+ and the reduced primary acceptor. The charge recombination proceeds by electron tunneling. The P-680 concentration in the TSF-IIa fragment was estimated to be one in 30 +/- 5 total chlorophyll molecules.
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Witt HT. Energy conversion in the functional membrane of photosynthesis. Analysis by light pulse and electric pulse methods. The central role of the electric field. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 505:355-427. [PMID: 35227 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(79)90008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Melis A, Duysens LNM. BIPHASIC ENERGY CONVERSION KINETICS AND ABSORBANCE DIFFERENCE SPECTRA OF PHOTOSYSTEM II OF CHLOROPLASTS. EVIDENCE FOR TWO DIFFERENT PHOTOSYSTEM II REACTION CENTERS. Photochem Photobiol 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Goldfield MG, Halilov RI, Hangulov SV. Correlation of the light-induced change of absorbance with ESR signal of photosystem II in presence of silicomolybdate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 85:1199-203. [PMID: 216365 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Wessels JS, Borchert MT. Polypeptide profiles of chlorophyll . protein complexes and thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 503:78-93. [PMID: 667027 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the major chlorophyll . protein complexes I and II, two minor chlorophyll proteins have been observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS))-polyacrylamide gels of spinach chloroplast membranes. These minor pigmented zones appeared to be derived from the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b . protein and from the reaction centre complex of Photosystem II. Data are presented on the polypeptide profiles of purified digitonin-subschloroplast particles, with special regard to the effect of solubilization temperature and extraction of lipids. The results are compared with the SDS-polypeptide pattern of spinach thylakoids obtained under exactly the same conditions with respect to electrophoresis technique, solubilization method and presence of lipid. In addition, the effects of temperature and lipid extraction on the distinct chlorophyll . protein complexes appearing in SDS gel electrophoretograms of chloroplast membranes were studied by slicing the chlorophyll-containing regions and subjecting them to a second run with or without heating or extraction with acetone. By supplementing these data with an examination of the polypeptide composition of cytochrome f and coupling factor, it has been possible to identify most of the major chloroplast membrane polypeptides.
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Holdsworth ES, Arshad JH. A manganese-copper-pigment-protein complex isolated from the photosystem II of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 183:361-73. [PMID: 921269 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Haveman J, Mathis P. Flash-induced absorption changes of the primary donor of photosystem II at 820 nm in chloroplasts inhibited by low pH or tris-treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:346-55. [PMID: 8123 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study is made, at 15 degrees C, of flash-induced absorption changes around 820 nm (attributed to the primary donors of Photosystems I and II) and 705 nm (Photosystem I only), in normal chloroplasts and in chloroplasts where O2 evolution was inhibited by low pH or by Tris-treatment. At pH 7.5, with untreated chloroplasts, the absorption changes around 820 nm are shown to be due to P-700 alone. Any contribution of the primary donor of Photosystem II should be in times shorter than 60 mus. When chloroplasts are inhibited at the donor side of Photosystem II by low pH, an additional absorption change at 820 nm appears with an amplitude which, at pH 4.0, is slightly higher than the signal due to oxidized P-700. This additional signal is attributed to the primary donor of Photosystem II. It decays (t 1/2 about 180 mus) mainly by back reaction with the primary acceptor and partly by reduction by another electron donor. Acid-washed chloroplasts resuspended at pH 7.5 still present the signal due to Photosystem II (t 1/2 about 120 mus). This shows that the acid inhibition of the first secondary donor of Photosystem II is irreversible. In Tris-treated chloroplasts, absorption changes at 820 nm due to the primary donor of Photosystem II are also observed, but to a lesser extent and only after some charge accumulation at the donor side. They decay with a half-time of 120 mus.
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Pulles MP, Van Gorkom HJ, Verschoor GA. Primary reactions of photosystem II at low pH. 2. Light-induced changes of absorbance and electron spin resonance in spinach chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:98-106. [PMID: 7323 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of lowering the pH on Photosystem II has been studied by measuring changes in absorbance and electron spin resonance in spinach chloroplasts. At pH values around 4 a light-induced dark-reversible chlorophyll oxidation by Photosystem II was observed. This chlorophyll is presumably the primary electron donor of system II. At pH values between 5 and 4 steady state illumination induced an ESR signal, similar in shape and amplitude to signal II, which was rapidly reversed in the dark. This may reflect the accumulation of the oxidized secondary donor upon inhibition of oxygen evolution. Near pH 4 the rapidly reversible signal and the stable and slowly decaying components of signal II disappeared irreversibly concomitant with the release of bound manganese. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of low pH on prompt and delayed fluorescence reported earlier (van Gorkom, H.J., Pulles, M.P.J., Haveman, J. and den Haan, G.A. (1976) Biochim. Biophys, Acta 423, 217-226).
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