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Chang L, Cui H, Li F, Job Zhang YHP, Zhang L. ATP regeneration by ATPases for in vitro biotransformation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108377. [PMID: 38763231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration is a significant step in both living cells and in vitro biotransformation (ivBT). Rotary motor ATP synthases (ATPases), which regenerate ATP in living cells, have been widely assembled in biomimetic structures for in vitro ATP synthesis. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of ATPases, including the working principle, orientation and distribution density properties of ATPases, as well as the assembly strategies and applications of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. The original sources of ATPases for in vitro ATP regeneration include chromatophores, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and inverted Escherichia coli (E. coli) vesicles, which are readily accessible but unstable. Although significant advances have been made in the assembly methods for ATPase-artificial membranes in recent decades, it remains challenging to replicate the high density and orientation of ATPases observed in vivo using in vitro assembly methods. The use of bioproton pumps or chemicals for constructing proton motive forces (PMF) enables the versatility and potential of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules. Additionally, overall robustness can be achieved via membrane component selection, such as polymers offering great mechanical stability, or by constructing a solid supporting matrix through layer-by-layer assembly techniques. Finally, the prospects of ATPase-based ATP regeneration modules can be expected with the technological development of ATPases and artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Yi-Heng P Job Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; In vitro Synthetic Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Buchert F, Bailleul B, Joliot P. Disentangling chloroplast ATP synthase regulation by proton motive force and thiol modulation in Arabidopsis leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148434. [PMID: 33932368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase (CF1Fo) contains a specific feature to the green lineage: a γ-subunit redox domain that contains a cysteine couple which interacts with the torque-transmitting βDELSEED-loop. This thiol modulation equips CF1Fo with an important environmental fine-tuning mechanism. In vitro, disulfide formation in the γ-redox domain slows down the activity of the CF1Fo at low transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient ( [Formula: see text] ), which agrees with its proposed role as chock based on recently solved structure. The γ-dithiol formation at the onset of light is crucial to maximize photosynthetic efficiency since it lowers the [Formula: see text] activation level for ATP synthesis in vitro. Here, we validate these findings in vivo by utilizing absorption spectroscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana. To do so, we monitored the [Formula: see text] present in darkness and identified its mitochondrial sources. By following the fate and components of light-induced extra [Formula: see text] , we estimated the ATP lifetime that lasted up to tens of minutes after long illuminations. Based on the relationship between [Formula: see text] and CF1Fo activity, we conclude that the dithiol configuration in vivo facilitates photosynthesis by driving the same ATP synthesis rate at a significative lower [Formula: see text] than in the γ-disulfide state. The presented in vivo findings are an additional proof of the importance of CF1Fo thiol modulation, reconciling biochemical in vitro studies and structural insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buchert
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joliot
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-Sensing in Microalgae - UMR7141, IBPC, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Carraretto L, Teardo E, Checchetto V, Finazzi G, Uozumi N, Szabo I. Ion Channels in Plant Bioenergetic Organelles, Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: From Molecular Identification to Function. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:371-395. [PMID: 26751960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical advances in electrophysiological measurements, organelle-targeted fluorescence imaging, and organelle proteomics have pushed the research of ion transport a step forward in the case of the plant bioenergetic organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to the molecular identification and functional characterization of several ion transport systems in recent years. Here we focus on channels that mediate relatively high-rate ion and water flux and summarize the current knowledge in this field, focusing on targeting mechanisms, proteomics, electrophysiology, and physiological function. In addition, since chloroplasts evolved from a cyanobacterial ancestor, we give an overview of the information available about cyanobacterial ion channels and discuss the evolutionary origin of chloroplast channels. The recent molecular identification of some of these ion channels allowed their physiological functions to be studied using genetically modified Arabidopsis plants and cyanobacteria. The view is emerging that alteration of chloroplast and mitochondrial ion homeostasis leads to organelle dysfunction, which in turn significantly affects the energy metabolism of the whole organism. Clear-cut identification of genes encoding for channels in these organelles, however, remains a major challenge in this rapidly developing field. Multiple strategies including bioinformatics, cell biology, electrophysiology, use of organelle-targeted ion-sensitive probes, genetics, and identification of signals eliciting specific ion fluxes across organelle membranes should provide a better understanding of the physiological role of organellar channels and their contribution to signaling pathways in plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carraretto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Enrico Teardo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Finazzi
- UMR 5168 Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (LPCV) CNRS/ UJF / INRA / CEA, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
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Hacker K, Medler KF. Mitochondrial calcium buffering contributes to the maintenance of Basal calcium levels in mouse taste cells. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:2177-91. [PMID: 18684902 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90534.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste stimuli are detected by taste receptor cells present in the oral cavity using diverse signaling pathways. Some taste stimuli are detected by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that cause calcium release from intracellular stores, whereas other stimuli depolarize taste cells to cause calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Although taste cells use two distinct mechanisms to transmit taste signals, increases in cytosolic calcium are critical for normal responses in both pathways. This creates a need to tightly control intracellular calcium levels in all transducing taste cells. To date, however, the mechanisms used by taste cells to regulate cytosolic calcium levels have not been identified. Studies in other cell types have shown that mitochondria can be important calcium buffers, even during small changes in calcium loads. In this study, we used calcium imaging to characterize the role of mitochondria in buffering calcium levels in taste cells. We discovered that mitochondria make important contributions to the maintenance of resting calcium levels in taste cells by routinely buffering a constitutive calcium influx across the plasma membrane. This is unusual because in other cell types, mitochondrial calcium buffering primarily affects large evoked calcium responses. We also found that the amount of calcium that is buffered by mitochondria varies with the signaling pathways used by the taste cells. A transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, likely TRPV1 or a taste variant of TRPV1, contributes to the constitutive calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Hacker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Joliot P, Joliot A. Quantification of the electrochemical proton gradient and activation of ATP synthase in leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:676-83. [PMID: 18455502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new method to quantify the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient present in chloroplasts of dark-adapted leaves. When a leaf is illuminated by a short pulse of intense light, we observed that the light-induced membrane potential changes, measured by the difference of absorption (520 nm-546 nm), reach a maximum value (approximately 190 mV) determined by ion leaks that occur above a threshold level of the electrochemical proton gradient. After the light-pulse, the decay of the membrane potential follows a multiphasic kinetics. A marked slowdown of the rate of membrane potential decay occurs approximately 100 ms after the light-pulse, which has been previously interpreted as reflecting the switch from an activated to an inactivated state of the ATP synthase (Junge, W., Rumberg, B. and Schröder, H., Eur. J. Biochem. 14 (1970) 575-581). This transition occurs at approximately 110 mV, thereby providing a second reference level. On this basis, we have estimated the Delta micro (H(+)) level that pre-exists in the dark. Depending upon the physiological state of the leaf, this level varies from 40 to 70 mV. In the dark, the Delta micro (H(+)) collapses upon addition of inhibitors of the respiratory chain, thus showing that it results from the hydrolysis of ATP of mitochondrial origin. Illumination of the leaf for a period longer than several seconds induces a long-lived Delta micro (H(+)) increase (up to approximately 150 mV) that reflects the light-induced increase in ATP concentration. Following the illumination, Delta micro (H(+)) relaxes to its dark-adapted value according a multiphasic kinetics that is completed in more than 1 h. In mature leaf, the deactivation of the Benson-Calvin cycle follows similar kinetics as Delta micro (H(+)) decay, showing that its state of activation is mainly controlled by ATP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Joliot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, UMR 7141, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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van Voorthuysen T, Bulychev AA, Dassen HH, Snel JF, Vredenberg WJ. Flash-induced conductance changes in chloroplast thylakoid lamellae. A patch-clamp study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(97)00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pottosin II, Schönknecht G. Patch clamp study of the voltage-dependent anion channel in the thylakoid membrane. J Membr Biol 1995; 148:143-56. [PMID: 8606363 DOI: 10.1007/bf00207270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of single channel currents were performed on isolated membrane patches from osmotically swollen thylakoids of the Charophyte alga Nitellopsis obtusa. A channel with a high selectivity for anions over cations and a conductance of 100 to 110 pS (114 mm Cl-) was revealed. The channel has a bell-shaped voltage-dependence of the open probability, with a maximum at about 0 mV. This dependence was explained by two gating processes, one causing channel closure at positive and one at negative potentials. The steepness of the voltage-dependence corresponded to approximately 2 elementary charges to be transferred across the entire membrane in each of the two gating processes. The analysis of the anion channel kinetics in the millisecond time domain revealed an e-fold increase of mean open and decrease of mean closed times when the membrane voltage was made more positive by 20 and 36 mV, respectively. Concert transitions of two identical anion channels between open and long inactivated states were observed, while the millisecond closed-open transitions of the two channels within a burst of activity were kinetically independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Pottosin
- Institute for Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Moscow region, Russia
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Bulychev AA, Antonov VF, Schevchenko EV. Patch-clamp studies of light-induced currents across the thylakoid membrane of isolated chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Kooten O, Snel JF, Vredenberg WJ. Photosynthetic free energy transduction related to the electric potential changes across the thylakoid membrane. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 9:211-227. [PMID: 24442298 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/1983] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A model based on our present knowledge of photosynthetic energy transduction is presented. Calculated electric potential profiles are compared with microelectrode recordings of the thylakoid electric potential during and after actinic illumination periods of intermediate duration. The information content of the measured electric response is disclosed by a comparison of experimental results with calculations. The proton flux through the ATP synthase complex is seen to markedly influence the electric response. Also the imbalance in maximum turnover rate between the two photosystems, common to obligate shade plants like Peperomia metallica used in the microelectrode experiments, is clearly reflected in the electric potential profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Van Kooten
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Gen. Foulkesweg 72, 6703 BW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Peters RLA, Bossen M, van Kooten O, Vredenberg WJ. On the correlation between the activity of ATP-hydrolase and the kinetics of the flash-induced P515 electrochromic bandshift in spinach chloroplasts. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1983; 15:335-46. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00751054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Maison-Peteri B, Vernotte C, Briantais JM. Modifications of the functioning of Photosystem II induced in the dark by alkaline pH in the presence of cations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(81)90158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Ben-Hayyim G, Krause GH. Transport of mono- and divalent cations across chloroplast membranes mediated by the lonophore A23187. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 202:546-57. [PMID: 6779707 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Charles SA, Halliwell B. Action of calcium ions on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase and other enzymes of the Calvin cycle. Biochem J 1980; 188:775-9. [PMID: 6258561 PMCID: PMC1161961 DOI: 10.1042/bj1880775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-treated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase is powerfully inhibited by Ca2+ non-competitively with respect to its substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. 500 microM-Ca2+ causes virtually complete inhibition and the Ki is 40 microM. Severe inhibition of sedoheptulose bisphosphatase is also caused by Ca2+. A role for Ca2+ in regulation of the Calvin cycle in spinach chloroplasts is proposed.
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Berkaloff C, Duval JC. Correlated influence of cation concentration and excitation intensity on PS II activity-I. Influence of high salt concentration on spinach chloroplast activity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1980; 1:115-125. [PMID: 24470050 DOI: 10.1007/bf00018228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/1980] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A correlated influence of cation concentration and excitation energy level on PS II Abbreviations: AMPD = 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol; DCIP = 2-6 dichlorophenol indophenol; DCIPH2 = DCIP in reduced state; DCIPr = rate of DCIP-reduction; DCMU = 3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)1-1 dimethyl-urea; Fv = variable fluorescence; Fcat = Fv in the presence of added cations; Ft = Fv without added cations; HEPES = N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine N\t'2-sulfonic acid; PS II = photosystem II; Vcat = DCIPr in presence of added cations; Vt = DCIPr without added cations. activity is demonstrated.In low light conditions (under 60 Wm(-2)) Mg(++) effect on DCIP reduction rate (DCIPr) saturates at rather low concentrations (2-10 mM). Higher concentrations induce a quenching of the effect, as already observed by several authors. In high light conditions (1000 Wm(-2)) however, Mg(++) is increasingly effective on DCIPr up to concentrations of 200 mM.Na(+) induced variations of DCIPr are weak in low light conditions and slightly positive for 100-600 mM in strong light; no quenching occurs.Modifications in variable fluorescence do not follow those of DCIPr in all cases, especially in high light.These results allow us to distinguish three different effects of cations on the photochemistry of PS II: one on the spill-over, another on the turnover rate of the centers and the last on the cation exchange through the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berkaloff
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie Végétale (L.A. 311 C.N.R.S.), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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[56] Techniques for studying ionic regulations of chloroplasts. Methods Enzymol 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)69058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Sokolove PM, Marsho TV. The effect of valinomycin on electron transport in intact spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 1979; 100:179-84. [PMID: 437102 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ben-Hayyim G. Mg2+ translocation across the thylakoid membrane: studies using the ionophore A 23187. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 83:99-104. [PMID: 23949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The degree of the light-dependent Mg2+ efflux across the thylakoid membrane is a function of pH. There is a considerable efflux at pH 7.2 which decreases to a negligible amount at pH 8.6. This conclusion is derived from studies using the divalent cation-specific ionophore A23187. The ionophore is active as an uncoupler at pH 7.2 even in the absence of added Mg2+, and completely inactive at pH 8.6 unless Mg2+ is added. The activity was assayed as the effect on both the rate of electron transport (stimulation at pH 7.2 and inhibition at pH 8.6) and deltapH. 2. Under conditions of maximal Mg2+ efflux, pH 7.2, and in the presence of EDTA, it is shown that Mg2+ is transported across the thylakoid membrane, but it is not diluted in the medium. 3. At high pH, light-induced proton influx is not compensated by Mg2+ efflux in the presence of a relatively permeable anion. However, in the presence of an impermeable anion, where cation efflux is necessary, Mg2+ efflux occurs, indicating its preference to K+ efflux. It is suggested that although light-induced Mg2+ efflux across the thylakoid membrane is evident, its magnitude is small and it is not diluted in the stroma. Thus, it seems hard to visualize how this transport is supposed to play an important role in CO2 fixation.
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