1
|
Forti G, Agostiano A, Barbato R, Bassi R, Brugnoli E, Finazzi G, Garlaschi FM, Jennings RC, Melandri BA, Trotta M, Venturoli G, Zanetti G, Zannoni D, Zucchelli G. Photosynthesis research in Italy: a review. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 88:211-40. [PMID: 16755326 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This historical review was compiled and edited by Giorgio Forti, whereas the other authors of the different sections are listed alphabetically after his name, below the title of the paper; they are also listed in the individual sections. This review deals with the research on photosynthesis performed in several Italian laboratories during the last 50 years; it includes research done, in collaboration, at several international laboratories, particularly USA, UK, Switzerland, Hungary, Germany, France, Finland, Denmark, and Austria. Wherever pertinent, references are provided, especially to other historical papers in Govindjee et al. [Govindjee, Beatty JT, Gest H, Allen JF (eds) (2005) Discoveries in Photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht]. This paper covers the physical and chemical events starting with the absorption of a quantum of light by a pigment molecule to the conversion of the radiation energy into the stable chemical forms of the reducing power and of ATP. It describes the work done on the structure, function and regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants, unicellular algae and in photosynthetic bacteria. Phenomena such as photoinhibition and the protection from it are also included. Research in biophysics of photosynthesis in Padova (Italy) is discussed by G.M. Giacometti and G. Giacometti (2006).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Forti
- Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano e Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zannoni D, Prince R, Dutton P, Marrs B. Isolation and characterization of cytochromec2-deficient mutant ofrhodopseudomonas capsulata. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
3
|
Buggy J, Bauer CE. Cloning and characterization of senC, a gene involved in both aerobic respiration and photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:6958-65. [PMID: 7592491 PMCID: PMC177566 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.23.6958-6965.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purple nonsulfur photosynthetic eubacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus is a versatile organism that can obtain cellular energy by several means, including the capture of light energy for photosynthesis as well as the use of light-independent respiration, in which molecular oxygen serves as a terminal electron acceptor. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel gene, senC, mutations in which affect respiration as well as the induction of photosynthesis gene expression. The protein coded by senC exhibits 33% sequence identity to the yeast nucleus-encoded protein SCO1, which is thought to be a mitochondrion-associated cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor. Like yeast SCO1, SenC is required for optimal cytochrome c oxidase activity in aerobically grown R. capsulatus cells. We further show that senC is required for maximal induction from the puf and puh operons, which encode the structural polypeptides of the light-harvesting and reaction center complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Buggy
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thöny-Meyer L, Beck C, Preisig O, Hennecke H. The ccoNOQP gene cluster codes for a cb-type cytochrome oxidase that functions in aerobic respiration of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Mol Microbiol 1994; 14:705-16. [PMID: 7891558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The genes for a new type of a haem-copper cytochrome oxidase were cloned from Rhodobacter capsulatus strain 37b4, using the Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixNOQP gene region as a hybridizing probe. Four genes, probably organized in an operon (ccoNOQP), were identified; their products share extensive amino acid sequence similarity with the FixN, O, Q and P proteins that have recently been shown to be the subunits of a cb-type oxidase. CcoN is a b-type cytochrome, CcoO and CcoP are membrane-bound mono- and dihaem c-type cytochromes and CcoQ is a small membrane protein of unknown function. Genes for a similar oxidase are also present in other non-rhizobial bacterial species such as Azotobacter vinelandii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as revealed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. A ccoN mutant was constructed whose phenotype, in combination with the structural information on the gene products, provides evidence that the CcoNOQP oxidase is a cytochrome c oxidase of the cb type, which supports aerobic respiration in R. capsulatus and which is probably identical to the cbb3-type oxidase that was recently purified from a different strain of the same species. Mutant analysis also showed that this oxidase has no influence on photosynthetic growth and nitrogen-fixation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Thöny-Meyer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamlage B, Blaut M. Characterization of cytochromes from Methanosarcina strain Göl and their involvement in electron transport during growth on methanol. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:3921-7. [PMID: 1597414 PMCID: PMC206100 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.12.3921-3927.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanosarcina strain Gö1 was tested for the presence of cytochromes. Low-temperature spectroscopy, hemochrome derivative spectroscopy, and redox titration revealed the presence of two b-type (b559 and b564) and two c-type (c547 and c552) cytochromes in membranes from Methanosarcina strain Gö1. The midpoint potentials determined were Em,7 = -135 +/- 5 and -240 +/- 11 mV (b-type cytochromes) and Em,7 = -140 +/- 10 and -230 +/- 10 mV (c-type cytochromes). The protoheme IX and the heme c contents were 0.21 to 0.24 and 0.09 to 0.28 mumol/g of membrane protein, respectively. No cytochromes were detectable in the cytoplasmic fraction. Of various electron donors and acceptors tested, only the reduced form of coenzyme F420 (coenzyme F420H2) and the heterodisulfide of coenzyme M and 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (CoM-S-S-HTP) were capable of reducing and oxidizing the cytochromes at a high rate, respectively. Addition of CoM-S-S-HTP to reduced cytochromes and subsequent low-temperature spectroscopy revealed the oxidation of cytochrome b564. On the basis of these results, we suggest that one or several cytochromes participate in the coenzyme F420H2-dependent reduction of the heterodisulfide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kamlage
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
The role of the membrane bound cytochromes of b- and c-type in the electron transport chain of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00248683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
To assess the role of cytochrome c2 as a respiratory electron carrier, we obtained a double mutant of Rhodobacter capsulatus defective in cytochrome c2 and in the quinol oxidase260. This mutant was able to grow chemoheterotrophically, indicating that an electron pathway independent of cytochrome c2 was functional between the ubiquinol:cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase and the cytochrome oxidase410.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Daldal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
H�dig H, Stark G, Drews G. The regulation of cytochrome c oxidase of Rhodobacter capsulatus by light and oxygen. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00423129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Venturoli G, Fenoll C, Zannoni D. On the mechanism of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer in Rhodospirillum rubrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
García AF, Venturoli G, Gad'on N, Fernández-Velasco JG, Melandri B, Drews G. The adaptation of the electron transfer chain of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata to different light intensities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
H�dig H, Kaufmann N, Drews G. Respiratory deficient mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Arch Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00470875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Bowyer JR, Hunter CN, Ohnishi T, Niederman RA. Photosynthetic membrane development in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Spectral and kinetic characterization of redox components of light-driven electron flow in apparent photosynthetic membrane growth initiation sites. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
13
|
Vignais PM, Colbeau A, Willison JC, Jouanneau Y. Hydrogenase, nitrogenase, and hydrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria. Adv Microb Physiol 1985; 26:155-234. [PMID: 3913292 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Wood PM. Bacterial proteins with CO-binding b- or c-type haem. Functions and absorption spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 768:293-317. [PMID: 6095907 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(84)90020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
15
|
Hüdig H, Drews G. Reconstitution of b-type cytochrome oxidase from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata in liposomes and turnover studies of proton translocation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Poole RK. Bacterial cytochrome oxidases. A structurally and functionally diverse group of electron-transfer proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 726:205-43. [PMID: 6311261 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(83)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
17
|
Abstract
A cytochrome c (cyt. c) was solubilized with Triton-X-100 and co-purified with cytochrome c oxidase from membranes of chemotrophically grown cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Cyt. c and cytochrome oxidase were separated on Sephadex G-50 columns. Antibodies against cytochrome c2 from the same bacterium did not cross react with the membrane-bound cyt. c. The IEP of the membrane-bound cyt. c was found to be pH 8.2, the midpoint potential was 234 +/- 11 mV at pH 7.0. This cyt. c binds CO. The native cyt. c is a dimer with an apparent Mr of 25000 containing 2 mol heme per mol dimer, which is believed to function as an electron donor for the high-potential cytochrome c oxidase.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zannoni D. ATP synthesis coupled to light-dependent non-cyclic electron flow in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Zannoni D. Cytochrome b type oxidases in the respiratory chains of the phytopathogenic fluorescent bacteria Pseudomonas cichorii and Pseudomonas aptata. Arch Microbiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00521288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Zannoni D, Marrs B. Redox chain and energy transduction in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata cells grown anaerobically in the dark on glucose and dimethyl sulfoxide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(81)90214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
Bittan R, Hochman A, Yagil E, Carmeli C. Inhibitor sensitivity of light-dependent oxygen reduction in chromatophores from wild-type and an oxidase-deficient mutant of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 209:276-83. [PMID: 7283441 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Niederman RA, Hunter CN, Mallon DE, Jones OT. Detection of cytochrome b+50 in membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum isolated from aerobically and phototrophically grown cells. Biochem J 1980; 186:453-9. [PMID: 6769433 PMCID: PMC1161596 DOI: 10.1042/bj1860453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
1. Dark equilibrium potentiometric titrations were conducted on membranes purified from Rhodospirillum rubrum in an effort to identify b-type cytochrome components reported in other Rhodospirillaceae. In preparations from aerobically grown cells virtually devoid of bacteriochlorophyll a, three components were observed at 560-540 nm. Their oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials assigned by computer-assisted analysis were +195, +50 and -110 mV at pH 7.0; each of these fitted closely to theoretical single-electron equivalent curves. 2. In chromatophores from phototrophically grown carotenoidless mutant G-9, three components were also observed with E0' +190, +50 and -90mV. 3. The alpha-band of the +50mV component exhibited an absorption maximum near 560nm in difference spectra obtained at fixed oxidation-reduction potentials. 4. This component could be demonstrated most readily in purified membrane preparations and may have been obscured in previous studies by residual cytochrome c'. 5. This is the first definitive report of cytochrome b+50 in membranes from Rs. rubrum and aligns this bacterium with other Rhodospirillaceae in which this component functions in light-driven cyclic electron flow.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hauska G, Baccarini-Melandri A. The dual role of cytochrome c2 in the facultative phototrophic bacteriumRhodopseudomonas capsulata. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00899247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Madigan MT, Gest H. Growth of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata chemoautotrophically in darkness with H2 as the energy source. J Bacteriol 1979; 137:524-30. [PMID: 216663 PMCID: PMC218479 DOI: 10.1128/jb.137.1.524-530.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was found to be capable of growing chemoautotrophically under aerobic conditions in darkness. Growth was strictly dependent on the presence of H2 as the source of energy and reducing power, O2 as the terminal electron acceptor for energy transduction, and CO2 as the sole carbon source; under optimal conditions the generation time was about 6 h. Chemoautotrophically grown cells showed a relatively high content of bacteriochlorophyll a and intracytoplasmic membranes (chromatophores). Experiments with various mutants of R. capsulata, affected in electron transport, indicate that either of the two terminal oxidases of this bacterium can participate in the energy-yielding oxidation of H2. The ability of R. capsulata to multiply in at least five different physiological growth modes suggests that it is one of the most metabolically versatile procaryotes known.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zannoni D, Jasper P, Marrs B. Light-induced oxygen reduction as a probe of electron transport between respiratory and photosynthetic components in membranes of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 191:625-31. [PMID: 742893 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
27
|
Melandri AB, Zannoni D. Photosynthetic and respiratory electron flow in the dual functional membrane of facultative photosynthetic bacteria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1978; 10:109-38. [PMID: 233518 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
Baccarini-Melandri A, Jones OT, Hauska G. Cytochrome c2--an electron carrier shared by the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chain of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. FEBS Lett 1978; 86:151-4. [PMID: 203482 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Marrs B, Wall JD, Gest H. Emergence of the biochemical genetics and molecular biology of photosynthetic bacteria. Trends Biochem Sci 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(77)90173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|