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Bhattacharjee S, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Triplet states in the reaction center of Photosystem II. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9503-9516. [PMID: 37712047 PMCID: PMC10498673 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis sunlight is harvested and funneled as excitation energy into the reaction center (RC) of Photosystem II (PSII), the site of primary charge separation that initiates the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. The chlorophyll ChlD1 pigment of the RC is the primary electron donor, forming a charge-separated radical pair with the vicinal pheophytin PheoD1 (ChlD1+PheoD1-). To avert charge recombination, the electron is further transferred to plastoquinone QA, whereas the hole relaxes to a central pair of chlorophylls (PD1PD2), subsequently driving water oxidation. Spin-triplet states can form within the RC when forward electron transfer is inhibited or back reactions are favored. This can lead to formation of singlet dioxygen, with potential deleterious effects. Here we investigate the nature and properties of triplet states within the PSII RC using a multiscale quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) approach. The low-energy spectrum of excited singlet and triplet states, of both local and charge-transfer nature, is compared using range-separated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We further compute electron paramagnetic resonance properties (zero-field splitting parameters and hyperfine coupling constants) of relaxed triplet states and compare them with available experimental data. Moreover, the electrostatic modulation of excited state energetics and redox properties of RC pigments by the semiquinone QA- is described. The results provide a detailed electronic-level understanding of triplet states within the PSII RC and form a refined basis for discussing primary and secondary electron transfer, charge recombination pathways, and possible photoprotection mechanisms in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjini Bhattacharjee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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2
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Kandrashkin YE, van der Est A. A two-site triplet exciton hopping model: Application to 3P 700. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:224109. [PMID: 36546793 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A model is presented describing the effect on spin-polarized transient EPR signals caused by incoherent state hopping between two sites. It is shown that the size of the spin state space can be reduced by half to the subspace described by the site-average Hamiltonian and that the dynamics of the system results in a redistribution of the population between its eigenstates. Analytical expressions for the rates of population redistribution and the line shape are derived for the general case in which the back-and-forth rates are unequal. The EPR signals calculated using these expressions are in very good agreement with those obtained by direct numerical solution of the density matrix rate equations. The model is then used to investigate the influence of exciton hopping on triplet state transient EPR spectra. Using the triplet state of the primary donor of Photosystem I as an example, it is shown that the influence of unequal hopping rates becomes more pronounced in the spectrum at longer delay times after the laser flash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri E Kandrashkin
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Zappone D, Bassi R. Monomeric light harvesting complexes enhance excitation energy transfer from LHCII to PSII and control their lateral spacing in thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Hamilton TL. The trouble with oxygen: The ecophysiology of extant phototrophs and implications for the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:233-249. [PMID: 31078729 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to harvest light to drive chemical reactions and gain energy provided microbes access to high energy electron donors which fueled primary productivity, biogeochemical cycles, and microbial evolution. Oxygenic photosynthesis is often cited as the most important microbial innovation-the emergence of oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, aided by geologic events, is credited with tipping the scale from a reducing early Earth to an oxygenated world that eventually lead to complex life. Anoxygenic photosynthesis predates oxygen-evolving photosynthesis and played a key role in developing and fine-tuning the photosystem architecture of modern oxygenic phototrophs. The release of oxygen as a by-product of metabolic activity would have caused oxidative damage to anaerobic microbiota that evolved under the anoxic, reducing conditions of early Earth. Photosynthetic machinery is particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of oxygen and reactive oxygen species and these effects are compounded by light. As a result, phototrophs employ additional detoxification mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress and have evolved alternative oxygen-dependent enzymes for chlorophyll biosynthesis. Phylogenetic reconstruction studies and biochemical characterization suggest photosynthetic reactions centers, particularly in Cyanobacteria, evolved to both increase efficiency of electron transfer and avoid photodamage caused by chlorophyll radicals that is acute in the presence of oxygen. Here we review the oxygen and reactive oxygen species detoxification mechanisms observed in extant anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria as well as the emergence of these mechanisms over evolutionary time. We examine the distribution of phototrophs in modern systems and phylogenetic reconstructions to evaluate the emergence of mechanisms to mediate oxidative damage and highlight changes in photosystems and reaction centers, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and niche space in response to oxygen production. This synthesis supports an emergence of H2S-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria prior to the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and underscores a role for the former metabolism in fueling fine-tuning of the oxygen evolving complex and mechanisms to repair oxidative damage. In contrast, we note the lack of elaborate mechanisms to deal with oxygen in non-cyanobacterial anoxygenic phototrophs suggesting these microbes have occupied similar niche space throughout Earth's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinity L Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA; Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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5
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Takegawa Y, Nakamura M, Nakamura S, Noguchi T, Sellés J, Rutherford AW, Boussac A, Sugiura M. New insights on Chl D1 function in Photosystem II from site-directed mutants of D1/T179 in Thermosynechococcus elongatus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:297-309. [PMID: 30703365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The monomeric chlorophyll, ChlD1, which is located between the PD1PD2 chlorophyll pair and the pheophytin, PheoD1, is the longest wavelength chlorophyll in the heart of Photosystem II and is thought to be the primary electron donor. Its central Mg2+ is liganded to a water molecule that is H-bonded to D1/T179. Here, two site-directed mutants, D1/T179H and D1/T179V, were made in the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus, and characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. The Mn4CaO5 cluster in the water-splitting site is fully active in both mutants. Changes in thermoluminescence indicate that i) radiative recombination occurs via the repopulation of *ChlD1 itself; ii) non-radiative charge recombination reactions appeared to be faster in the T179H-PSII; and iii) the properties of PD1PD2 were unaffected by this mutation, and consequently iv) the immediate precursor state of the radiative excited state is the ChlD1+PheoD1- radical pair. Chlorophyll bleaching due to high intensity illumination correlated with the amount of 1O2 generated. Comparison of the bleaching spectra with the electrochromic shifts attributed to ChlD1 upon QA- formation, indicates that in the T179H-PSII and in the WT*3-PSII, the ChlD1 itself is the chlorophyll that is first damaged by 1O2, whereas in the T179V-PSII a more red chlorophyll is damaged, the identity of which is discussed. Thus, ChlD1 appears to be one of the primary damage site in recombination-mediated photoinhibition. Finally, changes in the absorption of ChlD1 very likely contribute to the well-known electrochromic shifts observed at ~430 nm during the S-state cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takegawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Julien Sellés
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 and Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Boussac
- I(2)BC, UMR CNRS 9198, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Proteo-Science Research Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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6
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Takagi D, Ishizaki K, Hanawa H, Mabuchi T, Shimakawa G, Yamamoto H, Miyake C. Diversity of strategies for escaping reactive oxygen species production within photosystem I among land plants: P700 oxidation system is prerequisite for alleviating photoinhibition in photosystem I. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:56-74. [PMID: 28295410 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In land plants, photosystem I (PSI) photoinhibition limits carbon fixation and causes growth defects. In addition, recovery from PSI photoinhibition takes much longer than PSII photoinhibition when the PSI core-complex is degraded by oxidative damage. Accordingly, PSI photoinhibition should be avoided in land plants, and land plants should have evolved mechanisms to prevent PSI photoinhibition. However, such protection mechanisms have not yet been identified, and it remains unclear whether all land plants suffer from PSI photoinhibition in the same way. In the present study, we focused on the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition and investigated whether mechanisms of preventing PSI photoinhibition varied among land plant species. To assess the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition, we used repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination, which specifically induces PSI photoinhibition. Subsequently, we found that land plants possess a wide variety of tolerance mechanisms against PSI photoinhibition. In particular, gymnosperms, ferns and mosses/liverworts exhibited higher tolerance to rSP illumination-induced PSI photoinhibition than angiosperms, and detailed analyses indicated that the tolerance of these groups could be partly attributed to flavodiiron proteins, which protected PSI from photoinhibition by oxidizing the PSI reaction center chlorophyll (P700) as an electron acceptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate, for the first time, that gymnosperms, ferns and mosses/liverworts possess a protection mechanism against photoinhibition of PSI that differs from that of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Hanawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Tomohito Mabuchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, 657-8501, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
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7
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Ferlez B, Agostini A, Carbonera D, Golbeck JH, van der Est A. Triplet Charge Recombination in Heliobacterial Reaction Centers Does Not Produce a Spin-Polarized EPR Spectrum. Z PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers, reduction of the secondary acceptors leads to triplet charge recombination of the primary radical pair (RP). This process is spin selective and in a magnetic field it populates only the T0 state of the donor triplet state. As a result, the triplet state of the donor has a distinctive spin polarization pattern that can be measured by transient electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. In heliobacterial reaction centers (HbRCs), the primary donor, P800, is composed of two bacteriochlorophyll g′ molecules and its triplet state has not been studied as extensively as those of other reaction centers. Here, we present TREPR and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) data of 3P800 and show that although it can be detected by ODMR it is not observed in the TREPR data. We demonstrate that the absence of the TREPR spectrum is a result of the fact that the zero-field splitting (ZFS) tensor of 3P800 is maximally rhombic, which results in complete cancelation of the absorptive and emissive polarization in randomly oriented samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ferlez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Art van der Est
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr.19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1
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8
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Mathis P, Setif P. Near Infra-Red Absorption Spectra of the ChlorophyllaCations and Triplet State in vitro and in vivo. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Rutherford AW, Osyczka A, Rappaport F. Back-reactions, short-circuits, leaks and other energy wasteful reactions in biological electron transfer: redox tuning to survive life in O(2). FEBS Lett 2012; 586:603-16. [PMID: 22251618 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy-converting redox enzymes perform productive reactions efficiently despite the involvement of high energy intermediates in their catalytic cycles. This is achieved by kinetic control: with forward reactions being faster than competing, energy-wasteful reactions. This requires appropriate cofactor spacing, driving forces and reorganizational energies. These features evolved in ancestral enzymes in a low O(2) environment. When O(2) appeared, energy-converting enzymes had to deal with its troublesome chemistry. Various protective mechanisms duly evolved that are not directly related to the enzymes' principal redox roles. These protective mechanisms involve fine-tuning of reduction potentials, switching of pathways and the use of short circuits, back-reactions and side-paths, all of which compromise efficiency. This energetic loss is worth it since it minimises damage from reactive derivatives of O(2) and thus gives the organism a better chance of survival. We examine photosynthetic reaction centres, bc(1) and b(6)f complexes from this view point. In particular, the evolution of the heterodimeric PSI from its homodimeric ancestors is explained as providing a protective back-reaction pathway. This "sacrifice-of-efficiency-for-protection" concept should be generally applicable to bioenergetic enzymes in aerobic environments.
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10
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Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance of D1/D2-Complexes fromPisum sativum*. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1992.1.part_2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Chen G, Allahverdiyeva Y, Aro EM, Styring S, Mamedov F. Electron paramagnetic resonance study of the electron transfer reactions in photosystem II membrane preparations from Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:205-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Di Valentin M, Ceola S, Agostini G, Telfer A, Barber J, Böhles F, Santabarbara S, Carbonera D. The photo-excited triplet state of chlorophylldin methyl-tetrahydrofuran studied by optically detected magnetic resonance and time-resolved EPR. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701627797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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O'malley PJ, Babcock GT. Electron nuclear double resonance evidence supporting a monomeric nature for P700 in spinach chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:1098-101. [PMID: 16593417 PMCID: PMC344772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra of P700(+) in spinach chloroplasts and in photosystem I particles have been obtained and compared with the corresponding ENDOR spectrum of monomeric chlorophyl a(+) (Chla(+)) cation radical. The hyperfine couplings for P700(+) can be interpreted in terms of those expected for a monomer Chla(+) radical. The reduction in alpha-carbon spin densities observed for the in vivo species when compared to the in vitro radical is attributed to differences in the composition of the ground-state orbital for the two systems. For P700(+), a mixture of 75% D(0)/25% D(1), in which D(0) and D(1) represent the ground-and first excited-state orbitals calculated by Petke et al. for Chla(+) [Petke, J. D., Maggiora, G. M., Shipman, L. L. & Christoffersen, R. E. (1980) Photochem. Photobiol. 31, 243-257], gives good agreement between calculated and experimental spin-density reduction factors. Interaction of the pigment ion with its protein environment such as through ligation of the central Mg atom, hydrogen bonding to the 9-keto-carbonyl group, and electrostatic interactions with charged amino acid residues are proposed as factors responsible for the lowering in energy of the D(1) level in vivo. Combined with similar previous proposals for P680(+) of photosystem II, the data suggest that both primary donor cation radicals of green plant photosynthesis can be viewed as monomeric Chla(+) species in which the D(1) orbital makes a significant contribution to the spin-density distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J O'malley
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1322
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14
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Vermaas WF, Williams JG, Rutherford AW, Mathis P, Arntzen CJ. Genetically engineered mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 lacks the photosystem II chlorophyll-binding protein CP-47. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 83:9474-7. [PMID: 16593788 PMCID: PMC387162 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CP-47 is absent in a genetically engineered mutant of cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803, in which the psbB gene [encoding the chlorophyll-binding photosystem II (PSII) protein CP-47] was interrupted. Another chlorophyll-binding PSII protein, CP-43, is present in the mutant, and functionally inactive PSII-enriched particles can be isolated from mutant thylakoids. We interpret these data as indicating that the PSII core complex of the mutant still assembles in the absence of CP-47. The mutant lacks a 77 K fluorescence emission maximum at 695 nm, suggesting that the PSII reaction center is not functional. The absence of primary photochemistry was indicated by EPR and optical measurements: no chlorophyll triplet originating from charge recombination between P680(+) and Pheo(-) was observed in the mutant, and there were no flash-induced absorption changes at 820 nm attributable to chlorophyll P680 oxidation. These observations lead us to conclude that CP-47 plays an essential role in the activity of the PSII reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Vermaas
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE 19898
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15
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Santabarbara S, Agostini G, Casazza AP, Syme CD, Heathcote P, Böhles F, Evans MC, Jennings RC, Carbonera D. Chlorophyll triplet states associated with Photosystem I and Photosystem II in thylakoids of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:88-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Grotjohann I, Jolley C, Fromme P. Evolution of photosynthesis and oxygen evolution: Implications from the structural comparison of Photosystems I and II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b408980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Witt H, Bordignon E, Carbonera D, Dekker JP, Karapetyan N, Teutloff C, Webber A, Lubitz W, Schlodder E. Species-specific differences of the spectroscopic properties of P700: analysis of the influence of non-conserved amino acid residues by site-directed mutagenesis of photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:46760-71. [PMID: 12933812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied optical spectroscopy, magnetic resonance techniques, and redox titrations to investigate the properties of the primary electron donor P700 in photosystem I (PS I) core complexes from cyanobacteria (Thermosynechococcus elongatus, Spirulina platensis, and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803), algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC2696), and higher plants (Spinacia oleracea). Remarkable species-specific differences of the optical properties of P700 were revealed monitoring the (3P700-P700) and (P700+.-P700) absorbance and CD difference spectra. The main bleaching band in the Qy region differs in peak position and line width for the various species. In cyanobacteria the absorbance of P700 extends more to the red compared with algae and higher plants which is favorable for energy transfer from red core antenna chlorophylls to P700 in cyanobacteria. The amino acids in the environment of P700 are highly conserved with two distinct deviations. In C. reinhardtii a Tyr is found at position PsaB659 instead of a Trp present in all other organisms, whereas in Synechocystis a Phe is found instead of a Trp at the homologous position PsaA679. We constructed several mutants in C. reinhardtii CC2696. Strikingly, no PS I could be detected in the mutant YW B659 indicating steric constraints unique to this organism. In the mutants WA A679 and YA B659 significant changes of the spectral features in the (3P700-P700), the (P700+.-P700) absorbance difference and in the (P700+.-P700) CD difference spectra are induced. The results indicate structural differences among PS I from higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and give further insight into specific protein-cofactor interactions contributing to the optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Witt
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany,
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18
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Santabarbara S, Jennings R, Carbonera D. Analysis of photosystem II triplet states in thylakoids by fluorescence detected magnetic resonance in relation to the redox state of the primary quinone acceptor QA. Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(03)00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Fufezan C, Rutherford AW, Krieger-Liszkay A. Singlet oxygen production in herbicide-treated photosystem II. FEBS Lett 2002; 532:407-10. [PMID: 12482601 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photo-generated reactive oxygen species in herbicide-treated photosystem II were investigated by spin-trapping. While the production of .OH and O2-* was herbicide-independent, 1O2 with a phenolic was twice that with a urea herbicide. This correlates with the reported influence of these herbicides on the redox properties of the semiquinone QA-* and fits with the hypothesis that 1O2 is produced by charge recombination reactions that are stimulated by herbicide binding and modulated by the nature of the herbicide. When phenolic herbicides are bound, charge recombination at the level of P+*Pheo-* is thermodynamically favoured forming a chlorophyll triplet and hence 1O2. With urea herbicides this pathway is less favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fufezan
- Institut für Biologie II, Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Fromme P, Bottin H, Krauss N, Sétif P. Crystallization and electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of the complex of photosystem I with its natural electron acceptor ferredoxin. Biophys J 2002; 83:1760-73. [PMID: 12324399 PMCID: PMC1302270 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)73942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a transient complex between photosystem I and ferredoxin is involved in the process of ferredoxin photoreduction in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Reduced ferredoxin is an essential redox intermediate involved in many assimilatory processes and is necessary for the reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH. Single crystals from a complex of photosystem I with ferredoxin were grown using PEG 400 and CaCl(2) as precipitation agents. The crystals diffract x-rays to a resolution of 7-8 A. The space group was determined to be orthorhombic with the unit cell dimensions a = 194 A, b = 208 A, and c = 354 A. The crystals contain photosystem I and ferredoxin in a 1:1 ratio. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on these crystals are reported, where EPR signals of the three [4Fe-4S] clusters F(A), F(B), F(X), and the [2Fe-2S] cluster of ferredoxin were detected. From the EPR spectra observed at three particular orientations of the crystal in the magnetic field, the full orientation pattern of the F g-tensor was simulated. This simulation is consistent with the presence of 12 magnetically inequivalent F clusters per unit cell with the C(3) axis of the PSI trimers oriented at (23 degrees, 72 degrees, 77 degrees ) to the unit cell axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fromme
- Max Volmer Laboratorium, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät II, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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22
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den Blanken H, Hoff A, Jongenelis A, Diner B. High-resolution triplet-minus-singlet absorbance difference spectrum of photosystem II particles. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Evidence for photoreduction of monomeric bacteriochlorophyll a
as an electron acceptor in the reaction center of the green photosynthetic bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Bonnerjea J, Evans M. Identification of multiple components in the intermediary electron carrier complex of photosystem I. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Kumagai J, Katoh H, Miyazaki T, Hidema J, Kumagai T. Differences in the sensitivity to UVB radiation of two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on observation of long-lived radicals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 1999; 40:303-310. [PMID: 10748576 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.40.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals with a long lifetime were observed in the leaves of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), Sasanishiki (UVB resistant) and Norin-1 (UVB sensitive), by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The leaves of both cultivars grown with visible light show very similar ESR spectra composed of radical 1 (R1) and radical 2 (R2), which may be attributable to P700 cation radicals in the reaction center of photosystem I, and tyrosine cation radicals in the reaction center of photosystem II, respectively. The ESR spectrum composed of R1 and R2 radicals in the leaves of Sasanishiki grown under visible light with supplemental UVB was similar to that in the plant grown without supplemental UVB. On the other hand, the amount of R2 radicals in the leaves of Norin-1 grown under visible light with supplemental UVB was significantly smaller than that in the plant grown without supplemental UVB. It is suggested that the loss of R2 radicals in Norin-1 upon UVB irradiation is related to the instability of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kumagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan.
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26
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The P700 triplet state in an intact environment detected by ODMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(97)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Vrieze J, Gast P, Hoff AJ. Structure of the Reaction Center of Photosystem I of Plants. An Investigation with Linear-Dichroic Absorbance-Detected Magnetic Resonance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9524789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vrieze
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gast
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. J. Hoff
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Angerhofer A, Friso G, Giacometti G, Carbonera D, Giacometti G. Optically detected magnetic resonance study on the origin of the pheophytin triplet state in D1D2-cytochrome b-559 complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Rigby SE, Thapar R, Evans MC, Heathcote P. The electronic structure of P840+. The primary donor of the Chlorobium limicola f. sp. thiosulphatophilum photosynthetic reaction centre. FEBS Lett 1994; 350:24-8. [PMID: 8062917 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The radical cation P840+. was studied in frozen suspensions of Chlorobium limicola f. sp. thiosulphatophilum membranes using ENDOR and Special TRIPLE spectroscopies. The spectra show that P840+. arises from a bacteriochlorophyll a 'special' pair with a highly symmetrical distribution of electron spin density between the constituent bacteriochlorophylls. Special TRIPLE spectroscopy has resolved the separate contributions of the two halves of the pair and revealed small deviations from a 1:1 electron spin density distribution. Nevertheless P840+. appears to come the closest yet to the symmetrical 'dimer' originally proposed for the structure of the primary donor radical cation (P870+.) in purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Rigby
- Department of Biology, University College London, UK
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31
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Sieckmann I, Brettel K, Bock C, van der Est A, Stehlik D. Transient electron paramagnetic resonance of the triplet state of P700 in photosystem I: evidence for triplet delocalization at room temperature. Biochemistry 1993; 32:4842-7. [PMID: 8387818 DOI: 10.1021/bi00069a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Spin-polarized EPR spectra of the triplet state of P700, the primary electron donor in photosystem I (PS I), have been measured for the first time at room temperature. The measurements were performed on intact PS I from Synechococcus sp. after prereduction of all iron-sulfur centers and on vitamin K1 depleted PS I from Synechocystis 6803. The two preparations give similar spectra with a polarization pattern which indicates that the triplet state is formed via recombination of a radical pair. The axial and nonaxial zero-field splitting (zfs) parameters are found to be magnitude of D = (284 +/- 15) x 10(-4) cm-1 and magnitude of E = (22 +/- 3) x 10(-4) cm-1, respectively. The E-value is 42% smaller than in monomeric chlorophyll a, while the D-value is nearly the same. Measurements of the Synechocystis 6803 sample at 4.5 K yielded zfs parameters which are identical with those of the chlorophyll monomer, in agreement with previous results. In order to explain this behavior, it is proposed that the triplet excitation is delocalized over the two halves of a chlorophyll dimer at room temperature but appears localized on one half at low temperature. The observed zfs parameters are obtained if (1) the magnetic z-axes of the two chlorophylls are collinear, (2) the magnetic y-axes (and x-axes) of the two chlorophylls make an angle of approximately 55 degrees with each other, and (3) the admixture of charge-transfer states to 3P700 is negligible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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32
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Angerhofer A, Bernlochner D, Robert B. Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance of D1/D2-Complexes from Pisum sativum*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1993.182.part_1_2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Angerhofer
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D. Bernlochner
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B. Robert
- Départment de Biologie, CEN-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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33
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Searle GF, Schaafsma TJ. Fluorescence detected magnetic resonance of the primary donor and inner core antenna chlorophyll in Photosystem I reaction centre protein: Sign inversion and energy transfer. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1992; 32:193-206. [PMID: 24408360 DOI: 10.1007/bf00034795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/1992] [Accepted: 03/24/1992] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Photosystem I reaction centre protein CP1, isolated from barley using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed an EPR (Electron Paramgnetic Resonance) spectrum with the polarisation pattern AEEAAE, typical of the primary donor triplet state (3)P700, created via radical pair formation and recombination. (3)P700 could also be detected by Fluorescence Detected Magnetic Resonance (FDMR) at λf > 700 nm even in the presence of a large number of chlorophyll antennae. Its zero field splitting parameters, D=282.5×10(-4) cm(-1) and E=38.5×10(-4) cm(-1), were independent of the detection wavelength, and agreed with ADMR (Absorption Detected Magnetic Resonance) and EPR values. The signs of the (3)P700 D+E and D-E transitions were positive (increase in fluorescence intensity on applying a resonance microwave field). In contrast, in the emission band 685 < λf < 700 nm FDMR spectra with negative D+E and D-E transitions were detected, and the D value was wavelength-dependent. These FDMR results support an excitation energy transfer model for CP1, derived from time-resolved fluorescence studies, in which two chlorophyll antenna forms are distinguished, with fluorescence at 685 < λf < 700 nm (inner core antennae, F690), and λf > 700 nm (low energy antenna sites, F720), in addition to the P700. The FDMR spectrum in F690 emission can be interpreted as that of (3)P700, observed via reverse singlet excitation energy transfer and added to the FDMR spectrum of the antenna triplet states generated via intramolecular intersystem crossing. This would indicate that reversible energy transfer between F690 and P700 occurs even at 4.2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Searle
- Department of Molecular Physics, Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Bottin H, Sétif P. Inhibition of electron transfer from A0 to A1 in Photosystem I after treatment in darkness at low redox potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Kleinherenbrink FA, Aartsma TJ, Amesz J. Charge separation and formation of bacteriochlorophyll triplets in Heliobacterium chlorum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Budil DE, Thurnauer MC. The chlorophyll triplet state as a probe of structure and function in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1057:1-41. [PMID: 1849002 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D E Budil
- Baker Laboratory of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
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37
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Miller AF, Brudvig GW. A guide to electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Photosystem II membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1056:1-18. [PMID: 1845842 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This guide is intended to aid in the detection and identification of paramagnetic species in Photosystem II membranes, by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spectral features and occurrence of each of the electron paramagnetic resonance signals from Photosystem II are discussed, in relation to the nature of the moiety giving rise to the signal and the role of that species in photosynthetic electron transport. Examples of most of the signals discussed are shown. The electron paramagnetic resonance signals produced by the cytochrome b6f and Photosystem I complexes, as well as the signals from other common contaminants, are also reviewed. Furthermore, references to seminal experiments on bacterial reaction centers are included. By reviewing both the spectroscopic and biochemical bases for the electron paramagnetic resonance signals of the cofactors that mediate photosynthetic electron transport, this paper provides an introduction to the use and interpretation of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254
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38
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Rutherford A, Sétif P. Orientation of P700, the primary electron donor of Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90133-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Feezel L, Gast P, Smith U, Thurnauer M. Electron spin polarization of P+-870Q− observed in the reaction center protein of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Demetriou C, Lockett CJ, Nugent JH. Photochemistry in the isolated Photosystem II reaction-centre core complex. Biochem J 1988; 252:921-4. [PMID: 2844160 PMCID: PMC1149238 DOI: 10.1042/bj2520921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of the isolated Photosystem II reaction-centre core from pea and the green alga Scenedesmus was examined by e.s.r. Two types of triplet spectrum were observed in addition to the spin-polarized reaction-centre triplet previously identified. The additional triplet formed on continuous illumination at 4.2 K was attributed to a monomeric phaeophytin molecule. The second triplet, which was stable in the dark at 4.2 K following illumination, was assigned to the radical pair Donor+I-. This provides evidence that an electron donor to chlorophyll P680 is present on the polypeptide D1-polypeptide D2-cytochrome b-559 core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Demetriou
- Department of Biology, University College London, U.K
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41
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Ikegami I, Itoh S. Absorption spectroscopy of P-700-enriched particles isolated from spinach Is P-700 a dimer or a monomer? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Green BR. The chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant photosynthetic membranes or Just what green band is that? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 15:3-32. [PMID: 24430789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1987] [Accepted: 09/15/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher plant thylakoid membranes can be fractionated into a bewildering array of macrocomplexes, chlorophyll-protein complexes and chlorophyll-proteins with various deteregents and separations techniques. The chemical nature of each of these entities depends on the particular methods used to obtain them. This review summarizes the current status of the biochemical identification and characterization of individual chlorophyll-proteins and chlorophyll-protein complexes, and attempts to clarify the relationships among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Green
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 2B1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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43
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Wijk FGHV, Beijer CB, Gast P, Schaafsma TJ. THE ELECTRON SPIN POLARIZATION OF THE DONOR-TRIPLET STATE IN NATIVE and MODIFIED PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS FROM. Photochem Photobiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Golbeck JH. Light-induced charge separation across the photosynthetic membrane: a proposed structure for the photosystem I reaction center. J Memb Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)80374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Warden JT, Golbeck JH. Electron-spin resonance studies of the bound iron-sulfur centers in Photosystem I. II. Correlation of P-700 triplet production with urea/ferricyanide inactivation of the iron-sulfur clusters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 891:286-92. [PMID: 3032253 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I charge separation in a subchloroplast particle isolated from spinach was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy following graduated inactivation of the bound iron-sulfur centers by urea-ferricyanide treatment. Previous work demonstrated a differential decrease in iron-sulfur centers A, B and X which indicated that center X serves as a branch point for parallel electron flow through centers A and B (Golbeck, J.H. and Warden, J.T. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 681, 77-84). We now show that during inactivation the disappearance of iron-sulfur centers A, B, and X correlates with the appearance of a spin-polarized triplet ESR signal with [D] = 279 X 10(-4) cm-1 and [E] = 39 X 10(-4) cm-1. The triplet resonances titrate with a midpoint potential of +380 +/- 10 mV. Illumination of the inactivated particles results in the generation of an asymmetric ESR signal with g = 2.0031 and delta Hpp = 1.0 mT. Deconvolution of the P-700+ contribution to this composite resonance reveals the spectrum of the putative primary acceptor species A0, which is characterized by g = 2.0033 +/- 0.0004 and delta Hpp = 1.0 +/- 0.2 mT. The data presented in this report do not substantiate the participation of the electron acceptor A1 in PS I electron transport, following destruction of the iron-sulfur cluster corresponding to center X. We suggest that A1 is closely associated with center X and that this component is decoupled from the electron-transport path upon destruction of center X. The inability to photoreduce A1 in reaction centers lacking a functional center X may result from alteration of the reaction center tertiary structure by the urea-ferricyanide treatment or from displacement of A1 from its binding site.
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46
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Golbeck JH. Structure, function and organization of the Photosystem I reaction center complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 895:167-204. [PMID: 3333014 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4173(87)80002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Golbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, OR 97207
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47
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Mathis P, Rutherford A. Chapter 4 The primary reactions of photosystems I and II of algae and higher plants. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Petersen J, Stehlik D, Gast P, Thurnauer M. Comparison of the electron spin polarized spectrum found in plant photosystem I and in iron-depleted bacterial reaction centers with time-resolved K-band EPR; evidence that the photosystem I acceptor A1 is a quinone. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1987; 14:15-30. [PMID: 24430564 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/1987] [Accepted: 04/07/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The suggestion that the electron acceptor A1 in plant photosystem I (PSI) is a quinone molecule is tested by comparisons with the bacterial photosystem. The electron spin polarized (ESP) EPR signal due to the oxidized donor and reduced quinone acceptor (P 870 (+) Q(-)) in iron-depleted bacterial reaction centers has similar spectral characteristics as the ESP EPR signal in PSI which is believed to be due to P 700 (+) A 1 (-) , the oxidized PSI donor and reduced A1. This is also true for better resolved spectra obtained at K-band (∼24 GHz). These same spectral characteristics can be simulated using a powder spectrum based on the known g-anisotropy of reduced quinones and with the same parameter set for Q(-) and A1 (-). The best resolution of the ESP EPR signal has been obtained for deuterated PSI particles at K-band. Simulation of the A1 (-) contribution based on g-anisotropy yields the same parameters as for bacterial Q(-) (except for an overall shift in the anisotropic g-factors, which have previously been determined for Q(-)). These results provide evidence that A1 is a quinone molecule. The electron spin polarized signal of P700 (+) is part of the better resolved spectrum from the deuterated PSI particles. The nature of the P700 (+) ESP is not clear; however, it appears that it does not exhibit the polarization pattern required by mechanisms which have been used so far to explain the ESP in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petersen
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, FB 20 WE 1B, D-1000, 33, Berlin, FRG
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49
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Scheer H, Gross E, Nitsche B, Cmiel E, Schneider S, Schäfer W, Schiebel HM, Schulten HR. STRUCTURE OF METHYLPHEOPHORBIDE-RCI. Photochem Photobiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb09535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Numbers and functions of plastoquinone molecules associated with photosystem II preparations from Synechococcus sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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