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Chenchiliyan M, Timpmann K, Jalviste E, Adams PG, Hunter CN, Freiberg A. Dimerization of core complexes as an efficient strategy for energy trapping in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:634-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Magdaong NM, LaFountain AM, Hacking K, Niedzwiedzki DM, Gibson GN, Cogdell RJ, Frank HA. Spectral heterogeneity and carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in LH2 light-harvesting complexes from Allochromatium vinosum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:171-187. [PMID: 26048106 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms produce a vast array of spectral forms of antenna pigment-protein complexes to harvest solar energy and also to adapt to growth under the variable environmental conditions of light intensity, temperature, and nutrient availability. This behavior is exemplified by Allochromatium (Alc.) vinosum, a photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium that produces different types of LH2 light-harvesting complexes in response to variations in growth conditions. In the present work, three different spectral forms of LH2 from Alc. vinosum, B800-820, B800-840, and B800-850, were isolated, purified, and examined using steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. The pigment composition of the LH2 complexes was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and all were found to contain five carotenoids: lycopene, anhydrorhodovibrin, spirilloxanthin, rhodopin, and rhodovibrin. Spectral reconstructions of the absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra based on the pigment composition revealed significantly more spectral heterogeneity in these systems compared to LH2 complexes isolated from other species of purple bacteria. The data also revealed the individual carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer efficiencies which were correlated with the kinetic data from the ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopic experiments. This series of LH2 complexes allows a systematic exploration of the factors that determine the spectral properties of the bound pigments and control the rate and efficiency of carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki M Magdaong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Kirsty Hacking
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - George N Gibson
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3046, USA
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Harry A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA.
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Gall A, Cogdell RJ, Robert B. Influence of carotenoid molecules on the structure of the bacteriochlorophyll binding site in peripheral light-harvesting proteins from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochemistry 2003; 42:7252-8. [PMID: 12795622 DOI: 10.1021/bi0268293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the LH2 proteins from Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides, the hydrogen bonds between the bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) molecules and their proteic binding sites exhibit a strong variance with respect to carotenoid content and type. In the absence of the carotenoid molecule, such as in the LH2 from Rb. sphaeroides R26.1, the void in the protein structure induces a significant reorganization of the binding site of both Bchl molecules responsible for the 850 nm absorption, which is not observed when the 800 nm absorbing Bchl is selectively removed from these complexes. FT Raman spectra of LH2 complexes from Rb. sphaeroides show that the strength of the hydrogen bond between the 850 nm absorbing Bchl bound to the alpha polypeptide and the tyrosine alpha(45) depends precisely on the chemical nature of the bound carotenoid. These results suggest that the variable extremity of the carotenoid is embedded in these LH2 complexes, lying close to the interacting Bchl molecules. In the LH2 from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, the equivalent part of the rhodopin glucoside, which bears the glucose group, lies close to the amino terminal of the antenna polypeptide. This contrast suggests that the structure of the carotenoid binding site in LH2 complexes strongly depends on the bacterial species and/or on the chemical nature of the bound carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gall
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Tadros MH, Frank G, Zuber H, Drews G. The complete amino acid sequence of the large bacteriochlorophyll-binding polypeptide B870α from the light-harvesting complex B870 of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kikuchi J, Asakura T, Loach PA, Parkes-Loach PS, Shimada K, Hunter CN, Conroy MJ, Williamson MP. A light-harvesting antenna protein retains its folded conformation in the absence of protein-lipid and protein-pigment interactions. Biopolymers 1999; 49:361-72. [PMID: 10101971 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(19990415)49:5<361::aid-bip3>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The first study by nmr of the integral membrane protein, the bacterial light-harvesting (LH) antenna protein LH1 beta, is reported. The photosynthetic apparatus of purple bacteria contains two different kinds of antenna complexes (LH1 and LH2), which consist of two small integral membrane proteins alpha and beta, each of approximately 6 kDa, and bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. We have purified the antenna polypeptide LH1 beta from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and have recorded CD spectra and a series of two-dimensional nmr spectra. A comparison of CD spectra of LH1 beta observed in organic solvents and detergent micelles shows that the helical character of the peptide does not change appreciably between the two milieus. A significantly high-field shifted methyl signal was observed both in organic solvents and in detergent micelles, implying that a similar three-dimensional structure is present in each case. However, the 1H-nmr signals observed in organic solvents had a narrower line width and better resolution, and it is shown that in this case organic solvents provide a better medium for nmr studies than detergent micelles. A sequential assignment has been carried out on the C-terminal transmembrane region, which is the region in which the pigment is bound. The region is shown to have a helical structure by the chemical shift values of the alpha-CH protons and the presence of nuclear Overhauser effects characteristic of helices. An analysis of the amide proton chemical shifts of the residues surrounding the histidine chlorophyll ligand suggests that the local structure is well ordered even in the absence of protein-lipid and protein-pigment interactions. Its structure was determined from 348 nmr-derived constraints by using distance geometry calculations. The polypeptide contains an alpha-helix extending from Leu19 (position of cytoplasmic surface) to Trp44 (position of periplasmic surface). The helix is bent, as expected from the amide proton chemical shifts, and it is similar to the polypeptide fold of the previously determined crystal structure of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila Ac10050 LH2 beta (S. M. Prince et al., Journal of Molecular Biology, 1997, Vol. 268, pp. 412-423). It is concluded that the polypeptide conformation of this region may facilitate assembly of the LH complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kikuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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Walz T, Grigorieff N. Electron Crystallography of Two-Dimensional Crystals of Membrane Proteins. J Struct Biol 1998; 121:142-61. [PMID: 9618341 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1998.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy has become a powerful technique, along with X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to study the three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. It has evolved into a number of methods dealing with a wide range of biological samples, with electron crystallography of two-dimensional crystals being so far the only method allowing data collection at near-atomic resolution. In this paper, we review the methodology of electron crystallography and its application to membrane proteins, starting with the pioneering work on bacteriorhodopsin, which led to the first visualization of the secondary structure of a membrane protein in 1975. Since then, improvements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis have led to atomic models for bacteriorhodopsin and light-harvesting complex II from higher plants. The structures of many more membrane proteins have been studied by electron crystallography and in this review examples are included where a resolution of better than 10 Å has been achieved. Indeed, in some of the given examples an atomic model can be expected in the near future. Finally, a brief outlook is given on current and future developments of electron crystallographic methods. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Walz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Brunisholz RA, Zuber H. Structure, function and organization of antenna polypeptides and antenna complexes from the three families of Rhodospirillaneae. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1992; 15:113-40. [PMID: 1460542 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)87010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Comparative primary structural analysis of polypeptides from antenna complexes from species of the three families of Rhodospirillaneae indicates the structural principles responsible for the formation of spectrally distinct light-harvesting complexes. In many of the characterized antenna systems the basic structural minimal unit is an alpha/beta polypeptide pair. Specific clusters of amino acid residues, in particular aromatic residues in the C-terminal domain, identify the antenna polypeptides to specific types of antenna systems, such as B880 (strong circular dichroism (CD)), B870 (weak CD), B800-850 (high), B800-850 (low) or B800-820. The core complex B880 (B1020) of species from Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Chromatiaceae apparently consists of four (alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2) or three (2 alpha beta 1 beta 2) chemically dissimilar antenna polypeptides respectively. There is good evidence that the so-called variable antenna complexes, such as the B800-850 (high), B800-850 (low) or B800-820 of Rp. acidophila, Rp. palustris and Cr. vinosum, are comprised of multiple forms of peripheral light-harvesting polypeptides. Structural similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic antenna polypeptides are discussed in terms of similar pigment organization. The structural basis for the strict organization of pigment molecules (bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cluster) in the antenna system of purple bacteria is the hierarchical organization of the alpha- and beta-antenna polypeptides within and between the antenna complexes. On the basis of the three-domain structure of the antenna polypeptides with the central hydrophobic domain, forming a transmembrane alpha helix, possible arrangements of the antenna polypeptides in the three-dimensional structure of core and peripheral antenna complexes are discussed. Important structural and functional features of these polypeptides and therefore of the BChl cluster are the alpha/beta heterodimers, the alpha 2 beta 2 basic units and cyclic arrangements of these basic units. Equally important for the formation of the antenna complexes or the entire antenna are polypeptide-polypeptide, pigment-pigment and pigment-polypeptide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Brunisholz
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
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Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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Isolation and characterisation of an unusual antenna complex from the marine purple sulphur photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium purpuratum BN5500. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90199-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wacker T, Gad'on N, Steck K, Welte W, Drews G. Isolation of reaction center and antenna complexes from the halophilic purple bacterium Rhodospirillum salexigens. Crystallization and spectroscopic investigation of the B800–850 complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Green BR. The chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plant photosynthetic membranes or Just what green band is that? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1988; 15:3-32. [PMID: 24430789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00054985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1987] [Accepted: 09/15/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher plant thylakoid membranes can be fractionated into a bewildering array of macrocomplexes, chlorophyll-protein complexes and chlorophyll-proteins with various deteregents and separations techniques. The chemical nature of each of these entities depends on the particular methods used to obtain them. This review summarizes the current status of the biochemical identification and characterization of individual chlorophyll-proteins and chlorophyll-protein complexes, and attempts to clarify the relationships among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Green
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 2B1, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Localisation of reaction centre and light harvesting complexes in the photosynthetic unit of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Arch Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00402339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Scherz A, Parson WW. Interactions of the bacteriochlorophylls in antenna bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of photosynthetic bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 9:21-32. [PMID: 24442281 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1985] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several models have been proposed for the arrangements of the bacteriochlorophylls in the antenna complexes of purple photosynthetic bacteria, but none of the models has accounted fully for the spectroscopic properties of the bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes. We suggest a model involving strong exciton interactions within a bacteriochlorophyll dimer, and weaker interactions of each dimer with other, relatively distant dimers. The model is shown to account for the spectroscopic properties of the complexes, and to be consistent with other available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scherz
- Biochemistry Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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Theiler R, Suter F, Pennoyer JD, Zuber H, Niederman RA. Complete amino acid sequence of the B875 light-harvesting protein of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. Comparison with R26.1 carotenoidless-mutant strain. FEBS Lett 1985; 184:231-6. [PMID: 3888667 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence was determined for the alpha- and beta-chains of the B875 light-harvesting protein purified from photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 2.4.1. The sequence of the B875-alpha-polypeptide was identical to that reported for the R26.1 carotenoidless mutant [(1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 806, 185-186] and contained 58 amino acid residues with a blocked methionine and a glutamic acid at the N- and C-termini, respectively. The B875-beta-polypeptide contained 48 amino acid residues with alanine and phenylalanine as respective N- and C-termini; although otherwise identical, the leucine at position 29 in the wild-type strain was replaced by proline in the mutant. This radical amino acid substitution occurred within the central hydrophobic domain of the beta-polypeptide chain and is thought to result in a weakening of the structure of the alpha/beta heterodimer since it was not possible to isolate the intact pigment-protein complex from the R26.1 mutant strain.
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