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Verméglio A, Lavergne J, Rappaport F. Connectivity of the intracytoplasmic membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: a functional approach. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:13-24. [PMID: 25512104 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus in the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is mostly present in intracytoplasmic membrane invaginations. It has long been debated whether these invaginations remain in topological continuity with the cytoplasmic membrane, or form isolated chromatophore vesicles. This issue is revisited here by functional approaches. The ionophore gramicidin was used as a probe of the relative size of the electro-osmotic units in isolated chromatophores, spheroplasts, or intact cells. The decay of the membrane potential was monitored from the electrochromic shift of carotenoids. The half-time of the decay induced by a single channel in intact cells was about 6 ms, thus three orders of magnitude slower than in isolated chromatophores. In spheroplasts obtained by lysis of the cell wall, the single channel decay was still slower (~23 ms) and the sensitivity toward the gramicidin concentration was enhanced 1,000-fold with respect to isolated chromatophores. These results indicate that the area of the functional membrane in cells or spheroplasts is about three orders of magnitude larger than that of isolated chromatophores. Intracytoplasmic vesicles, if present, could contribute to at most 10% of the photosynthetic apparatus in intact cells of Rba. sphaeroides. Similar conclusions were obtained from the effect of a ∆pH-induced diffusion potential in intact cells. This caused a large electrochromic response of carotenoids, of similar amplitude as the light-induced change, indicating that most of the system is sensitive to a pH change of the external medium. A single internal membrane and periplasmic space may offer significant advantages concerning renewal of the photosynthetic apparatus and reallocation of the components shared with other bioenergetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Verméglio
- CEA, IBEB, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
- Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, 13284, Marseille, France.
| | - Jérôme Lavergne
- CEA, IBEB, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, 13284, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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Polerecky L, Bachar A, Schoon R, Grinstein M, Jørgensen BB, de Beer D, Jonkers HM. Contribution of Chloroflexus respiration to oxygen cycling in a hypersaline microbial mat from Lake Chiprana, Spain. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:2007-24. [PMID: 17635546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In dense stratified systems such as microbial mats, photosynthesis and respiration are coupled due to a tight spatial overlap between oxygen-producing and -consuming microorganisms. We combined microsensors and a membrane inlet mass spectrometer with two independent light sources emitting in the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) regions to study this coupling in more detail. Using this novel approach, we separately quantified the activity of the major players in the oxygen cycle in a hypersaline microbial mat: gross photosynthesis of cyanobacteria, NIR light-dependent respiration of Chloroflexus-like bacteria (CLB) and respiration of aerobic heterotrophs. Illumination by VIS light induced oxygen production in the top approximately 1 mm of the mat. In this zone CLB were found responsible for all respiration, while the contribution of the aerobic heterotrophs was negligible. Additional illumination of the mat with saturating NIR light completely switched off CLB respiration, resulting in zero respiration in the photosynthetically active zone. We demonstrate that microsensor-based quantification of gross and net photosyntheses in dense stratified systems should carefully consider the NIR light-dependent behaviour of CLB and other anoxygenic phototrophic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Polerecky
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Boichenko VA, Wang JM, Antón J, Lanyi JK, Balashov SP. Functions of carotenoids in xanthorhodopsin and archaerhodopsin, from action spectra of photoinhibition of cell respiration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2006; 1757:1649-56. [PMID: 17020745 PMCID: PMC1761948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of a carotenoid light-harvesting antenna in xanthorhodopsin, a retinal-based proton pump in Salinibacter ruber, made use of photoinhibition of respiration in whole cells to obtain action spectra [Balashov et al. Science 309, (2005) 2061-2064]. Here we provide further details of this phenomenon, and compare action spectra in three different systems where carotenoids have different functions or efficiencies of light-harvesting. The kinetics of light-induced inhibition of respiration in Salinibacter ruber was determined with single short flashes, and the photochemical cross section of the photoreaction was estimated. These measurements confirm that the xanthorhodopsin complex includes no more than a few, and most likely only one, carotenoid molecule, which is far less than the core complex antenna of photosynthetic bacteria. Although the total cross-section of light absorption in the purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum greatly exceeds that in Salinibacter, the cross-sections are roughly equivalent in the shared wavelength range. We show further that despite interaction of bacterioruberin with archaerhodopsin, another retinal-based proton pump, there is no significant energy transfer from this carotenoid. This emphasizes the uniqueness of the salinixanthin-retinal interaction in xanthorhodopsin, and indicates that bacterioruberin in Halorubrum species has a structural or photoprotective rather than energetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Boichenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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Buggy J, Bauer CE. Cloning and characterization of senC, a gene involved in both aerobic respiration and photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:6958-65. [PMID: 7592491 PMCID: PMC177566 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.23.6958-6965.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purple nonsulfur photosynthetic eubacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus is a versatile organism that can obtain cellular energy by several means, including the capture of light energy for photosynthesis as well as the use of light-independent respiration, in which molecular oxygen serves as a terminal electron acceptor. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel gene, senC, mutations in which affect respiration as well as the induction of photosynthesis gene expression. The protein coded by senC exhibits 33% sequence identity to the yeast nucleus-encoded protein SCO1, which is thought to be a mitochondrion-associated cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor. Like yeast SCO1, SenC is required for optimal cytochrome c oxidase activity in aerobically grown R. capsulatus cells. We further show that senC is required for maximal induction from the puf and puh operons, which encode the structural polypeptides of the light-harvesting and reaction center complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buggy
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA
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Sabaty M, Jappé J, Olive J, Verméglio A. Organization of electron transfer components in Rhodobacter sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans whole cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zannoni D, Daldal F. The role of c-type cytochromes in catalyzing oxidative and photosynthetic electron transport in the dual functional plasmamembrane of facultative phototrophs. Arch Microbiol 1993; 160:413-23. [PMID: 8297207 DOI: 10.1007/bf00245301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Zannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Inhibition of nitrate reduction by light and oxygen in Rhodobacter sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans. Arch Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00250276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ravenel J, Peltier G. Stimulation of the chlororespiratory electron flow by Photosystem II activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90466-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Overmann J, Pfennig N. Continuous chemotrophic growth and respiration of Chromatiaceae species at low oxygen concentrations. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00249067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
In purple nonsulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria, there is close interaction between the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains, which share identical redox proteins. Recent findings that the thylakoid membranes of eukaryotic chloroplasts may have respiratory functions suggest that the interaction of photosynthesis and respiration may be a common feature of all photosynthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Physiologie und Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, FRG
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Zannoni D, Moore AL. Measurement of the redox state of the ubiquinone pool in Rhodobacter capsulatus membrane fragments. FEBS Lett 1990; 271:123-7. [PMID: 2171997 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of the respiratory rate on the redox poise of the quinone pool was investigated in wild type and mutant membranes of Rhodobacter capsulatus. A linear relationship has been found between these two parameters only when succinate was oxidized by the bc1 complex. Conversely, a marked nonlinear relationship was observed between the Q-pool reduction level and the respiratory rate when O2 uptake occurred via the alternative oxidase. In addition, it was found that this latter pathway was not engaged until Q-pool reduction level reached approximately 25%. These results are discussed within the framework of a homogeneous pool regulating both photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Garab G, Lajkó F, Mustárdy L, Márton L. Respiratory control over photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts of higher-plant cells: evidence for chlororespiration. PLANTA 1989; 179:349-58. [PMID: 24201664 DOI: 10.1007/bf00391080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/1989] [Accepted: 05/30/1989] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Flash-induced primary charge separation, detected as electrochromic absorbance change, the operation of the cytochrome b/f complex and the redox state of the plastoquinone pool were measured in leaves, protoplasts and open-cell preparations of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and in isolated intact chloroplasts of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Addition of 0.5-5 mM KCN to these samples resulted in a large increase in the slow electrochromic rise originating from the electrogenic activity of the cytochrome b/f complex. The enhancement was also demonstrated by monitoring the absorbance transients of cytochrome f and b 6 between 540 and 572 nm. In isolated, intact chloroplasts with an inhibited photosystem (PS) II, low concentrations of dithionite or ascorbate rendered turnover of only 60% of the PSI reaction centers, KCN being required to reactivate the remainder. "Silent" PSI reaction centers which could be reactivated by KCN were shown to occur in protoplasts both in the absence and presence of a PSII inhibitor. Contrasting spectroscopic data obtained for chloroplasts before and after isolation indicated the existence of a continuous supply of reducing equivalents from the cytosol.Our data indicate that: (i) A respiratory electron-transport pathway involving a cyanide-sensitive component is located in chloroplasts and competes with photosynthetic electron transport for reducing equivalents from the plastoquinone pool. This chlororespiratory pathway appears to be similar to that found in photosynthetic prokaryotes and green algae. (ii) There is an influx of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the plastoquinone pool. These may be indicative of a complex respiratory control of photosynthetic electron transport in higher-plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garab
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
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Interaction of photosynthesis and respiration in Rhodospirillaceae: evidence for two functionally distinct b-c1 complex fractions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wit R, Gemerden H. Chemolithotrophic growth of the phototrophic sulfur bacteriumThiocapsa roseopersicina. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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