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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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Allen JF. Why we need to know the structure of phosphorylated chloroplast light-harvesting complex II. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:28-44. [PMID: 28393369 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis there are two 'light states' - adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus to spectral composition that otherwise favours either photosystem I or photosystem II. In chloroplasts of green plants the transition to light state 2 depends on phosphorylation of apoproteins of a membrane-intrinsic antenna, the chlorophyll-a/b-binding, light-harvesting complex II (LHC II), and on the resulting redistribution of absorbed excitation energy from photosystem II to photosystem I. The transition to light state 1 reverses these events and requires a phospho-LHC II phosphatase. Current structures of LHC II reveal little about possible steric effects of phosphorylation. The surface-exposed N-terminal domain of an LHC II polypeptide contains its phosphorylation site and is disordered in its unphosphorylated form. A molecular recognition hypothesis proposes that state transitions are a consequence of movement of LHC II between binding sites on photosystems I and II. In state 1, LHC II forms part of the antenna of photosystem II. In state 2, a unique but as yet unidentified 3-D structure of phospho-LHC II may attach it instead to photosystem I. One possibility is that the LHC II N-terminus becomes ordered upon phosphorylation, adopting a local alpha-helical secondary structure that initiates changes in LHC II tertiary and quaternary structure that sever contact with photosystem II while securing contact with photosystem I. In order to understand redistribution of absorbed excitation energy in photosynthesis we need to know the structure of LHC II in its phosphorylated form, and in its complex with photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Allen
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tsinoremas NF, Hubbard JA, Evans MC, Allen JF. P-700 photooxidation in state 1 and state 2 in cyanobacteria upon flash illumination with phycobilin- and chlorophyll-absorbed light. FEBS Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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El Bissati K, Kirilovsky D. Regulation of psbA and psaE expression by light quality in Synechocystis species PCC 6803. A redox control mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 125:1988-2000. [PMID: 11299378 PMCID: PMC88854 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.4.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2000] [Revised: 11/30/2000] [Accepted: 01/03/2001] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of light of different wavelengths on the expression of the psbA gene, which encodes the D1 protein of the photosystem II and the psaE gene, which encodes the subunit Psa-E of the photosystem I, in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803. In an attempt to differentiate between a light-sensory and a redox-sensory signaling processes, the effect of orange, blue, and far-red light was studied in the wild-type and in a phycobilisome-less mutant. Transferring wild-type cells from one type of illumination to another induced changes in the redox state of the electron transport chain and in psbA and psaE expression. Blue and far-red lights (which are preferentially absorbed by the photosystem I) induced an accumulation of psbA transcripts and a decrease of the psaE mRNA level. In contrast, orange light (which is preferentially absorbed by the photosystem II) induced a large accumulation of psaE transcripts and a decrease of psbA mRNA level. Transferring mutant cells from blue to orange light (or vice versa) had no effect either on the redox state of the electron transport chain or on the levels of psbA and psaE mRNAs. Thus, light quality seems to regulate expression of these genes via a redox sensory mechanism in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 cells. Our data suggest that the redox state of one of the electron carriers between the plastoquinone pool and the photosystem I has opposite influences on psbA and psaE expression. Its reduction induces accumulation of psaE transcripts, and its oxidation induces accumulation of psbA mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El Bissati
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 8543, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris, France
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El Bissati K, Delphin E, Murata N, Etienne A, Kirilovsky D. Photosystem II fluorescence quenching in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803: involvement of two different mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1457:229-42. [PMID: 10773167 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural changes associated to non-photochemical quenching in cyanobacteria is still a matter of discussion. The role of phycobilisome and/or photosystem mobility in this mechanism is a point of interest to be elucidated. Changes in photosystem II fluorescence induced by different quality of illumination (state transitions) or by strong light were characterized at different temperatures in wild-type and mutant cells, that lacked polyunsaturated fatty acids, of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. The amplitude and the rate of state transitions decreased by lowering temperature in both strains. Our results support the hypothesis that a movement of membrane complexes and/or changes in the oligomerization state of these complexes are involved in the mechanism of state transitions. The quenching induced by strong blue light which was not associated to D1 damage and photoinhibition, did not depend on temperature or on the membrane state. Thus, the mechanism involved in the formation of this type of quenching seems to be unrelated to the movement of membrane complexes. Our results strongly support the idea that the mechanism involved in the fluorescence quenching induced by light 2 is different from that involved in strong blue light induced quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El Bissati
- URA 1810, CNRS, ENS, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230, Paris, France
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Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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Mullineaux CW, Griebenow S, Braslavsky SE. Photosynthetic energy storage in cyanobacterial cells adapted to light-states 1 and 2. A laser-induced optoacoustic study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mullineaux CW, Bittersmann E, Allen JF, Holzwarth AR. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence emission spectra indicate decreased energy transfer from the phycobilisome to Photosystem II in light-state 2 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Allen JF, Mullineaux CW, Sanders CE, Melis A. State transitions, photosystem stoichiometry adjustment and non-photochemical quenching in cyanobacterial cells acclimated to light absorbed by photosystem I or photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 22:157-166. [PMID: 24424748 DOI: 10.1007/bf00035446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/1988] [Accepted: 11/14/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 were grown in yellow light absorbed primarily by the phycobilisome (PBS) light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II (PS II), and in red light absorbed primarily by chlorophyll and, therefore, by photosystem I (PS I). Chromatic acclimation of the cells produced a higher phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio and higher PBS-PS II/PS I ratio in cells grown under PS I-light. State 1-state 2 transitions were demonstrated as changes in the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in both cell types. The amplitude of state transitions was substantially lower in the PS II-light grown cells, suggesting a specific attenuation of fluorescence yield by a superimposed non-photochemical quenching of excitation. 77 K fluorescence emission spectra of each cell type in state 1 and in state 2 suggested that state transitions regulate excitation energy transfer from the phycobilisome antenna to the reaction centre of PS II and are distinct from photosystem stoichiometry adjustments. The kinetics of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment and the kinetics of the appearance of the non-photochemical quenching process were measured upon switching PS I-light grown cells to PS II-light, and vice versa. Photosystem stoichiometry adjustment was complete within about 48 h, while the non-photochemical quenching occurred within about 25 h. It is proposed that there are at least three distinct phenomena exerting specific effects on the rate of light absorption and light utilization by the two photoreactions: state transitions; photosystem stoichiometry adjustment; and non-photochemical excitation quenching. The relationship between these three distinct processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K
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Mauzerall D, Greenbaum NL. The absolute size of a photosynthetic unit. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Biggins J, Bruce D. Regulation of excitation energy transfer in organisms containing phycobilins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1989; 20:1-34. [PMID: 24425462 DOI: 10.1007/bf00028620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/1988] [Accepted: 06/30/1988] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of excitation energy redistribution (state transition) in organisms containing phycobilins is reviewed. Recent measurements using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the picosecond range confirm that the state transition in cyanobacteria and red algae is controlled by changes in the kinetics of energy transfer from PS 2 to PS 1 (spillover) rather than by physical dislocation of the phycobilisome and reassociation between the two photosystems (mobile antenna model). Contrary to the analogous situation in higher plants, there is no compelling evidence for the involvement of a protein phosphorylation event in the rapid time range of the state transition, but a variety of data indicate that a membrane conformational change occurs that might change the relative distance between, and/or orientation of the two photosystems within the thylakoid. The state transition is most probably initiated by the redox state of the intersystem electron transport chain, and the conversion to state 1 is driven by coupled PS1 cyclic electron transport. The cryptomonads also undergo wavelength dependent changes in excitation energy distribution by a mechanism very similar to that observed in the red algae and cyanobacteria. However, the changes in energy distribution in this group are most likely related to a photoprotection mechanism for PS2 rather than to a state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biggins
- Section of Biochemistry, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA
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Sanders CE, Allen JF. Effects of divalent cations on 77 K fluorescence emission and on membrane protein phosphorylation in isolated thylakoids of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mullineaux CW, Allen JF. Fluorescence induction transients indicate dissociation of Photosystem II from the phycobilisome during the State-2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Allen JF, Melis A. The rate of P-700 photooxidation under continuous illumination is independent of State 1-State 2 transitions in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dominy P, Williams W. The role of respiratory electron flow in the control of excitation energy distribution in blue-green algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Williams WP, Allen JF. State 1/State 2 changes in higher plants and algae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1987; 13:19-45. [PMID: 24435719 DOI: 10.1007/bf00032263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/1986] [Accepted: 01/21/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current ideas regarding the molecular basis of State 1/State 2 transitions in higher plants and green algae are mainly centered around the view that excitation energy distribution is controlled by phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC-II). The evidence supporting this view is examined and the relationship of the transitions occurring in these systems to the corresponding transitions seen in red and blue-green algae is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London (KQC), Kensington Campus, Campden Hill, W8 7AH, London
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