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Piskov VB, Chernyshev VP, Karakotov SD. M-Dinitroaromatic Moiety as a Fragment of Biologically Active Compounds. Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Hamel P, Olive J, Pierre Y, Wollman FA, de Vitry C. A new subunit of cytochrome b6f complex undergoes reversible phosphorylation upon state transition. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17072-9. [PMID: 10748028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001468200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15.2-kDa polypeptide, encoded by the nuclear gene PETO, was identified as a novel cytochrome b(6)f subunit in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The PETO gene product is a bona fide subunit, subunit V, of the cytochrome b(6)f complex, because (i) it copurifies with the other cytochrome b(6)f subunits in the early stages of the purification procedure, (ii) it is deficient in cytochrome b(6)f mutants accumulating little of the complex, and (iii) it colocalizes with cytochrome f, which migrates between stacked and unstacked membrane regions upon state transition. Sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of subunit V shows that it has a one transmembrane alpha-helix topology with two large hydrophilic domains extending on the stromal and lumenal side of the thylakoid membranes, with a lumenal location of the N terminus. Subunit V is reversibly phosphorylated upon state transition, a unique feature that, together with its topological organization, points to the possible role of subunit V in signal transduction during redox-controlled short term and long term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hamel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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3
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Race HL, Hind G. Minor constituents of photosystem II core complexes: possible regulators of photosystem II protein kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 345:355-7. [PMID: 9308910 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a 58-kDa protein kinase, PS II-PK, closely associated in substoichiometric abundance with a core complex of photosystem II and capable of phosphorylating both the photosystem and its associated light-harvesting proteins. Oxidizing species, produced during aerobic illumination, inhibited the kinase, and the irreversibility of this process is now demonstrated. Other substoichiometric protein constituents of the core preparation were identified as probably originating in the grana margins. These include the cytochrome b6/f complex, the apocytochrome f precursor, and membrane-bound ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. PS II-PK was successfully resolved from photosystem II cores and shown to be active in the absence of cytochrome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Race
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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4
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Vener AV, Rich PR, Ohad I, Andersson B. Plastoquinol at the quinol oxidation site of reduced cytochrome bf mediates signal transduction between light and protein phosphorylation: thylakoid protein kinase deactivation by a single-turnover flash. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1585-90. [PMID: 11038603 PMCID: PMC19835 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-controlled phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins represents a unique system for the regulation of light energy utilization in photosynthesis. The molecular mechanisms for this process remain unknown, but current views suggest that the plastoquinone pool directly controls the activation of the kinase. On the basis of enzyme activation by a pH shift in the darkness combined with flash photolysis, EPR, and optical spectroscopy we propose that activation occurs when plastoquinol occupies the quinol-oxidation (Qo) site of the cytochrome bf complex, having its high-potential path components in a reduced state. A linear correlation between kinase activation and accessibility of the Qo site to plastoquinol was established by quantification of the shift in the g(y) EPR signal of the Rieske Fe-S center resulting from displacement of the Qo-site plastoquinol by a quinone analog. Activity persists as long as one plastoquinol per cytochrome bf is still available. Withdrawal of one electron from this plastoquinol after a single-turnover flash exciting photosystem I leads to deactivation of the kinase parallel with a decrease in the g(z) EPR signal of the reduced Rieske Fe-S center. Cytochrome f, plastocyanin, and P(700) are rereduced after the flash, indicating that the plastoquinol at the Qo site is limiting in maintaining the kinase activity. These results give direct evidence for a functional cytochrome bf-kinase interaction, analogous to a signal transduction system where the cytochrome bf is the receptor and the ligand is the plastoquinol at the Qo site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vener
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Carlberg I, Andersson B. Phosphatase activities in spinach thylakoid membranes-effectors, regulation and location. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 47:145-156. [PMID: 24301822 DOI: 10.1007/bf00016177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1995] [Accepted: 12/04/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dephosphorylation of seven phosphoproteins associated with Photosystem II or its chlorophyll a/b antenna in spinach thylakoids, was characterised. The rates were found to fall into two distinct groups. One, rapidly dephosphorylated, consisted of the two subunits (25 and 27 kD) of the major light harvesting complex of Photosystem II (LHC II) and a 12 kD polypeptide of unknown identity. A marked correlation between the dephosphorylation of these three phosphoproteins, strongly suggested that they were all dephosphorylated by the same enzyme. Within this group, the 25 kD subunit was consistently dephosphorylated most rapidly, probably reflecting its exclusive location in the peripheral pool of LHC II. The other group, only slowly dephosphorylated, included several PS II proteins such as the D1 and D2 reaction centre proteins, the chlorophyll-a binding protein CP43 and the 9 kD PS II-H phosphoprotein. No dephosphorylation was observed in either of the two groups in the absence of Mg(2+)-ions. Dephosphorylation of the two LHC II subunits took place in both grana and stroma-exposed regions of the thylakoid membrane. However, deposphorylation in the latter region was significantly more rapid, indicating a preferential dephosphorylation of the peripheral (or 'mobile') LHC II. Dephosphorylation of LHC II was found to be markedly affected by the redox state of thiol-groups, which may suggest a possible regulation of LHC II dephosphorylation involving the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carlberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Vener AV, Van Kan PJ, Gal A, Andersson B, Ohad I. Activation/deactivation cycle of redox-controlled thylakoid protein phosphorylation. Role of plastoquinol bound to the reduced cytochrome bf complex. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:25225-32. [PMID: 7559660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.42.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction via light-dependent redox control of reversible thylakoid protein phosphorylation has evolved in plants as a unique mechanism for controlling events related to light energy utilization. Here we report for the first time that protein phosphorylation can be activated without light or the addition of reducing agents by a transient exposure of isolated thylakoid membranes to low pH in darkness. The activation of the kinase after incubation of dark-adapted thylakoids at pH 4.3 coincides with an increase in the plastoquinol: plastoquinone ratio up to 0.25. However, rapid plastoquinol reoxidation ( < 1 min) at pH 7.4 contrasts with the slow kinase deactivation (t 1/2 = 4 min), which indicates that the redox control is not directly dependent on the plastoquinone pool. Use of inhibitors and a cytochrome bf-deficient mutant of Lemna demonstrate the involvement of the cytochrome bf complex in the low-pH induced protein phosphorylation. EPR spectroscopy shows that subsequent to the transient low pH treatment and transfer of the thylakoids to pH 7.4, the Rieske Fe-S center, and plastocyanin become reduced and are not reoxidized while the kinase is slowly deactivated. However, the deactivation correlates with a decrease of the EPR gz signal of the reduced Rieske Fe-S center, which is also affected by quinone analogues that inhibit the kinase. Our data point to an activation mechanism of thylakoid protein phosphorylation that involves the binding of plastoquinol to the cytochrome bf complex in the vicinity of the reduced Rieske Fe-S center.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vener
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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7
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Sokolenko A, Fulgosi H, Gal A, Altschmied L, Ohad I, Herrmann RG. The 64 kDa polypeptide of spinach may not be the LHCII kinase, but a lumen-located polyphenol oxidase. FEBS Lett 1995; 371:176-80. [PMID: 7672122 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00892-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of chlorophyll alb-binding proteins of the of photosystem II light-harvesting assembly controls the energy distribution between the two photosystems as well as the turnover of thylakoid membrane proteins. The LHCII kinase, suggested to be a 64 kDa protein, is light-regulated by a mechanism involving reduction of plastoquinone and the participation of the cytochrome b6lf complex. A cDNA encoding that protein has been isolated from a lambda gt11-based library made from spinach polyadenylated RNA using a two-step strategy involving screening by polyclonal monospecific antisera and plaque hybridization. The protein of 73.1 kDa molecular mass represents a precursor which contains a bipartite transit peptide of 101 amino acid residues (11.0 kDa) that directs the protein into the thylakoid lumen. It can be phosphorylated in vitro, and exhibits significant homology to plant polyphenol oxidases not to kinases. The gene was therefore designated PpoA. Reinvestigation of components in the molecular mass range of 50-70 kDa disclosed five additional proteins which can accompany kinase-active cytochrome b6lf, photosystem II and AMS [1] preparations. Four of them can be phosphorylated in vitro; two with apparent molecular masses of 53 and 66 kDa are capable of phosphorylation and represent new, yet unidentified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sokolenko
- Botanisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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8
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Bergantino E, Dainese P, Cerovic Z, Sechi S, Bassi R. A post-translational modification of the photosystem II subunit CP29 protects maize from cold stress. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:8474-81. [PMID: 7721743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.15.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of maize plants to cold stress has been associated with the appearance of a new chlorophyll a/b binding protein in the thylakoid membrane following chilling treatment in the light. The cold-induced protein has been isolated, characterized by amino acid sequencing, and pulse labeled with radioactive precursors, showing that it is the product of post-translational modification by phosphorylation of the minor chlorophyll a/b protein CP29 rather than the product of a cold-regulated gene or an unprocessed CP29 precursor. We show here that the CP29 kinase activity displays unique characteristics differing from previously described thylakoid kinases and is regulated by the redox state of a quinonic site. Finally, we show that maize plants unable to perform phosphorylation have enhanced sensitivity to cold-induced photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bergantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Italy
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9
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Race HL, Eaton-Rye JJ, Hind G. A 64-kDa protein is a substrate for phosphorylation by a distinct thylakoid protein kinase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1995; 43:231-239. [PMID: 24306846 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/1994] [Accepted: 02/17/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solubilization of spinach thylakoids with the nonionic detergent n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) releases active protein kinase from the membrane. Further purification was reported to demonstrate that a 64-kDa protein is the origin of this kinase activity (Coughlan S J and Hind G (1986) J Biol Chem 261: 11378-11385). The N-terminal sequence of this protein was subsequently determined (Gal A, Herrmann R, Lottspiech F and Ohad I (1992) FEBS Lett 298: 33-35). Liquid phase isoelectric focusing of the OG extract and an hydroxylapatite-purified fraction, derived from the OG preparation, reveals that the 64-kDa protein with this documented N-terminal sequence can be separated from the protein kinase activity. Experimental conditions were optimised by manipulation of ampholyte and detergent concentrations to maximise protein solubility and enzyme activity. The kinase-containing fraction was able to catalyze the phosphorylation of several proteins including the 64-kDa which was identified using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence. The results described indicate that this 64-kDa protein is not the protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex associated with Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Race
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biology Department, 11973, Upton, New York, USA
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10
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Carlberg I, Andersson B. Changed lateral migration of phospho-LHCII in the thylakoid membrane upon acclimation of spinach to low temperatures. FEBS Lett 1993; 333:10-4. [PMID: 8224143 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Movement of proteins along the plant thylakoid membrane is of importance for several physiological events, such as state transitions and turnover and repair of the photosystem II complex. Such lateral migrations are impaired at low temperatures, which could contribute to the increased sensitivity of plants to photoinhibitory damages at low temperatures. The migration behaviour of phospho-LHCII in thylakoid membranes isolated from cold-acclimated spinach was studied and compared to that in control membranes. The rate of migration of phospho-LHCII at low temperatures is increased 2- to 3-fold and the apparent activation energy of the migration is decreased after the cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carlberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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11
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Fork DC, Herbert SK. Electron transport and photophosphorylation by Photosystem I in vivo in plants and cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1993; 36:149-168. [PMID: 24318920 DOI: 10.1007/bf00033035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1992] [Accepted: 02/11/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of techniques, some of them relatively new and many often used in combination, have given a clearer picture of the dynamic role of electron transport in Photosystem I of photosynthesis and of coupled cyclic photophosphorylation. For example, the photoacoustic technique has detected cyclic electron transport in vivo in all the major algal groups and in leaves of higher plants. Spectroscopic measurements of the Photosystem I reaction center and of the changes in light scattering associated with thylakoid membrane energization also indicate that cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in living plants and cyanobacteria, particularly under stressful conditions.In cyanobacteria, the path of cyclic electron transport has recently been proposed to include an NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, a complex that may also participate in respiratory electron transport. Photosynthesis and respiration may share common electron carriers in eukaryotes also. Chlororespiration, the uptake of O2 in the dark by chloroplasts, is inhibited by excitation of Photosystem I, which diverts electrons away from the chlororespiratory chain into the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Chlororespiration in N-starved Chlamydomonas increases ten fold over that of the control, perhaps because carbohydrates and NAD(P)H are oxidized and ATP produced by this process.The regulation of energy distribution to the photosystems and of cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation via state 1 to state 2 transitions may involve the cytochrome b 6-f complex. An increased demand for ATP lowers the transthylakoid pH gradient, activates the b 6-f complex, stimulates phosphorylation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of Photosystem II and decreases energy input to Photosystem II upon induction of state 2. The resulting increase in the absorption by Photosystem I favors cyclic electron flow and ATP production over linear electron flow to NADP and 'poises' the system by slowing down the flow of electrons originating in Photosystem II.Cyclic electron transport may function to prevent photoinhibition to the photosynthetic apparatus as well as to provide ATP. Thus, under high light intensities where CO2 can limit photosynthesis, especially when stomates are closed as a result of water stress, the proton gradient established by coupled cyclic electron transport can prevent over-reduction of the electron transport system by increasing thermal de-excitation in Photosystem II (Weis and Berry 1987). Increased cyclic photophosphorylation may also serve to drive ion uptake in nutrient-deprived cells or ion export in salt-stressed cells.There is evidence in some plants for a specialization of Photosystem I. For example, in the red alga Porphyra about one third of the total Photosystem I units are engaged in linear electron transfer from Photosystem II and the remaining two thirds of the Photosystem I units are specialized for cyclic electron flow. Other organisms show evidence of similar specialization.Improved understanding of the biological role of cyclic photophosphorylation will depend on experiments made on living cells and measurements of cyclic photophosphorylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Fork
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 290 Panama Street, 94305-1297, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Race HL, Gounaris K. Identification of the psbH gene product as a 6 kDa phosphoprotein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. FEBS Lett 1993; 323:35-9. [PMID: 8495743 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The product of the psbH gene has been identified in Synechocystis 6803 thylakoid membranes as a 6 kDa phosphoprotein. This protein becomes phosphorylated in vitro despite the fact that in cyanobacteria it is truncated at the N-terminus such that the phosphorylation site identified in the higher plant protein is missing. Phosphorylation occurred both in the light and in the dark but was inhibited by oxidising conditions, DCMU and zinc ions. The cyanobacterial 6 kDa phosphoprotein degrades when the membranes are subjected to high intensity illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Race
- Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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13
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The redox-controlled light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein kinase. Deactivation by substituted quinones. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Braun G, Driesenaar AR, Malkin S, Trebst A. A new way to monitor by-pass restorations of electron transport in inhibited chloroplasts by cyclic electron flow cofactors--a study by modulated fluorimetry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1100:58-66. [PMID: 1373655 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90126-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of electron transport in broken chloroplasts by DBMIB, under light-limiting conditions, is shown to be bypassed by PMS in a manner similar to the known effects of the phenylenediamine derivatives TMPD and DAD. These bypasses were demonstrated and further studied by modulated fluorimetry, monitoring DBMIB inhibition by the shift of the steady-state fluorescence towards the Fm level and the release of inhibition by a reverse shift together with establishment of a quenching effect by background far-red light. Comparative studies were also made with electron transport blocked by DCMU or BNT. A weak bypass by TMPD and a weaker one by PMS of the block created by DCMU was observed by modulated fluorimetry. The block created by BNT is similarly shown to be bypassed by TMPD but hardly or not at all by PMS. Bypass effects persisted even in the presence of ascorbate. It appears that, following reduction of the different cofactors by ascorbate in the stroma side, illumination caused the accumulation of a pool of oxidized cofactor molecules in the lumen, which is able to mediate electron transport between reduced plastoquinone and plastocyanin or P-700. The existence and the size of this pool were found to depend largely on the internal pH at the lumen, presenting an artificial system in which electron flow is controlled by the lumenal pH. The bypassing electron transport in the presence of DBMIB presumably avoids the participation of the cytochrome b6f complex. During its occurrence, there is also a strong imbalance in the activities of the two photosystems for linear electron flow, in favor of PS II. These experiments may thus serve to establish an in vitro model system for a future investigation of effects related to changes in the imbalance between the two photosystems and its regulation. Furthermore, this experimental system may also be utilized to study the role of the internal lumenal pH in control of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Braun
- Biochemistry Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Characterization of light-activated reversible phosphorylation of a chlorophyll a/b antenna apoprotein in the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90128-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Gal A, Herrmann RG, Lottspeich F, Ohad I. Phosphorylation of cytochrome b6 by the LHC II kinase associated with the cytochrome complex. FEBS Lett 1992; 298:33-5. [PMID: 1544419 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80016-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome b6 polypeptide present in cytochrome b6/f preparations from spinach thylakoids is phosphorylated concomitantly with the autophosphorylation of the 64 kDa polypeptide identified as the redox-controlled LHCII kinase. The N-terminal sequence of the 64 kDa kinase and sequence analysis of cytochrome b6 indicate the existence of putative phosphorylation sites in both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Low temperature effects on thylakoid protein phosphorylation and membrane dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(92)90206-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Allen JF. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1098:275-335. [PMID: 1310622 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(09)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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19
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Pramanik AM, Bingsmark S, Lindahl M, Baltscheffsky H, Baltscheffsky M, Andersson B. Inorganic-pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of spinach thylakoid proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 198:183-6. [PMID: 1645647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that several photosystem-II thylakoid proteins and the main chlorophyll-a/b light-harvesting complex can be phosphorylated with inorganic pyrophosphate as phosphate donor. With pyrophosphate, as with ATP, the protein-kinase reaction is dependent on light or a strong reducing agent. The reaction which can be demonstrated in well-washed spinach thylakoids is dependent on electron transport and is controlled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. It is suggested that the pyrophosphate-dependent thylakoid protein phosphorylation is mediated by the same kinase which is responsible for the ATP-dependent protein phosphorylation. This pyrophosphate-dependent kinase activity may be derived from an evolutionary precursor from which ATP-dependent protein phosphorylation also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pramanik
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Sweden
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20
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Coughlan SJ, Davenport JW, Hind G. Reactive blue 2 is a potent inhibitor of a thylakoid protein kinase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 197:467-71. [PMID: 2026169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anthraquinone dye reactive blue 2 was found to be a potent inhibitor of a protein kinase isolated and purified from thylakoids. This enzyme was also inhibited in situ, with corresponding inhibition of ATP-dependent quenching of the chlorophyll fluorescence. The mode of inhibition was noncompetitive, with a Ki of 8 microM for the membrane-bound kinase, and 6 microM for the purified kinase. The inhibitor did not modify the substrate preference of the endogenous kinase and could be removed from the membrane by washing. Unlike reactive blue 2, the enzyme did not partition into detergent micelles and is therefore presumably not a hydrophobic, intrinsic membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Coughlan
- Biology Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Knaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-1061
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22
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Gal A, Hauska G, Herrmann R, Ohad I. Interaction between light harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein (LHCII) kinase and cytochrome b6/f complex. In vitro control of kinase activity. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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23
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White IR, O'Donnell PJ, Keen JN, Findlay JB, Millner PA. Investigation of the substrate specificity of thylakoid protein kinase using synthetic peptides. FEBS Lett 1990; 269:49-52. [PMID: 2387414 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptide analogues of the N-terminal region of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptide of photosystem II (LHC II) were used to probe the effect of charged groups on the protein kinase activity of pea (Pisum sativum) thylakoid membranes. The effectiveness of the synthetic peptides as substrates for protein kinase activity or as inhibitors of LHC II phosphorylation was correlated with their net positive charge, which ranged between +2 and +5. The effects of the synthetic peptides on phosphorylation of other, non-LHC II, thyakoid polypeptides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R White
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, UK
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Bricker TM. The structure and function of CPa-1 and CPa-2 in Photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 24:1-13. [PMID: 24419760 DOI: 10.1007/bf00032639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/1989] [Accepted: 09/14/1989] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a summary of recent investigations examining the structure and function of the chlorophyll-proteins CPa-1 (CP47) and CPa-2 (CP43). Comparisons of the derived amino acid sequences of these proteins suggest sites for chlorophyll binding and for interactions between these chlorophyll-proteins and other Photosystem II components. Hydropathy plot analysis of these proteins allows the formulation fo testable hypotheses concerning their topology and orientation within the photosynthetic membrane. The role of these chlorophyll-proteins as interior light-harvesting chlorophyll-a antennae for Photosystem II is examined and other possible additional roles for these important Photosystem II components are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Bricker
- Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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