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Zuurendonk PF, Tager JM. Rapid separation of particulate components and soluble cytoplasm of isolated rat-liver cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 333:393-9. [PMID: 19400050 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the rapid separation of mitochondria (plus other particulate components) from the soluble cytoplasm of isolated rat-liver cells. The cells were incubated briefly with a low concentration of digitonin. After rapid centrifugation, the pellet contained more than 90% of the total adenylate kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities and the supernatant at least 80% of the lactate dehydrogenase activity. About 60% of total adenine nucleotides in hepatocytes were found in the soluble cytoplasm. The ATP/ADP ratio in the particulate fraction 80 s after exposure to digitonin of hepatocytes metabolizing alanine was 2.0-2.4, and that in the soluble cytoplasm 6-19. In the presence of atractyloside, these values were 3.5-4.4 and 1.3-2.2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Zuurendonk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, B.C.P. Jansen Institute, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Phospholipid composition of liver mitochondria in experimental hemorrhagic shock. Bull Exp Biol Med 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02445054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes for correction of mitochondrial phospholipid composition in the medulla oblongata and frontal lobes in hemorrhagic shock. Bull Exp Biol Med 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02766176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Kryzhanovskii GN, Leskova GF, Udovichenko VI. Changes in phospholipid composition of mitochondria in the medulla oblongata and frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres in hemorrhagic shock in cats. Bull Exp Biol Med 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02446725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Benga G, Poruţiu D, Hodârnău A, Ferdinand W. Ultrastructural aspects and amino acid composition of the purified inner and outer membranes of human liver mitochondria as compared to rat liver mitochondria. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 102:123-8. [PMID: 1526116 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The mitochondria isolated from human or rat liver were fractionated into submitochondrial particles and purified inner and outer membrane. According to different marker enzymes the inner membranes were enriched about 5-6-fold and the outer membranes about 12-14-fold. The electron microscopical appearance of the membranes was that expected on the basis of enzymic characterization. 2. A comparison of the average amino acid composition of the membrane proteins from the two types of mitochondria has been made. In the case of submitochondrial particles there were statistically significant differences between the human and rat hydrolysates for only five amino acids. Analysing the purified mitochondrial membranes there were significant differences between the two species for nine amino acids in the case of outer membranes and for 12 amino acids in the case of inner membranes. 3. With one exception all amino acids that were increased or decreased in the outer membrane exhibited a similar trend in the inner membrane of human compared with rat liver mitochondria. It appears that liver mitochondrial membranes have a species-dependent pattern of amino acid composition of their proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Benga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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6
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Eid P, Bandu MT, Uze G, Mogensen KE. Interferon removes its own receptors as it blocks the division of Daudi cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 171:675-82. [PMID: 2964367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Burkitt-derived line, Daudi, whose proliferation is inhibited by human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), was treated with 125I-labelled recombinant human IFN-alpha A. After separation from unbound ligand, cell-bound IFN was extracted with the detergent digitonin yielding soluble and insoluble complexes of IFN and receptor, together with a certain amount of uncomplexed IFN. 1. Soluble complexes were stable enough to be separated from uncomplexed IFN by permeation chromatography. Treatment of soluble complexes with the bifunctional reagent, disuccinimidyl suberate, yielded a radioactive product separating with an Mr of 130,000 on electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. Similar complexes could be recovered with sodium dodecyl sulphate from the digitonin-insoluble residue, treated with the bi-functional reagent. 2. The total (soluble and insoluble) of complexed IFN obtained after digitonin extraction was a constant fraction (0.62) of the total cell-bound radioactivity, being independent of the concentration of IFN added to the cells (less than pM to greater than nM), and of the time of incubation (1 min to 20 h). However, between 30 min and 3 h of incubation, the insoluble complex increased, at the expense of the soluble complex, and there appeared a cellular pool of degraded ligand. From 3 h to 20 h the distribution of ligand-derived radioactivity remained constant while the total amount decreased to less than 10% of its value at 30 min. This decrease in binding was matched by the appearance of an equivalent quantity of radiolabelled fragments in the culture medium. 3. The inhibition of cellular division due to IFN was shown to be coincident with the disappearance of cellular binding and with the cell-mediated degradation of receptor-complexed IFN. We propose that IFN removes its own receptor and, in doing so, blocks a linked function necessary for the stimulated growth of Daudi cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eid
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Virale, Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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Mannella CA, Capolongo N, Berkowitz R. Correlation between outer-membrane lysis and susceptibility of mitochondria to inhibition by adriamycin and polyamines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 848:312-6. [PMID: 3947618 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of rat liver mitochondria with digitonin or osmotic shock increases their susceptibility to respiratory inhibition by adriamycin and polyamines. Since enhanced inhibitor sensitivity coincides in each case with lysis of the mitochondrial outer membranes, the possibility is raised that this membrane represents a permeability barrier to certain polar, organic cations.
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Evans TC, Mackler B. Effect of iron deficiency on energy conservation in rat liver and skeletal muscle submitochondrial particles. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1985; 34:93-9. [PMID: 4052063 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(85)90065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Submitochondrial particles prepared from liver and skeletal muscle of control and iron-deficient rats were examined for cytochrome content and for both energy-independent and energy-conserving functions. Liver submitochondrial particles appear quite resistant to iron deficiency with cytochrome content and electron-transferring or energy-conserving functions maintained at a level of 85% or better of normal. Iron-deficient skeletal muscle submitochondrial particles, in contrast, have decreased cytochrome content and only 15-20% of the normal capacity for oxidation through either complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) or complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Energy-linked reactions which involve substrate oxidation/reduction (succinate----NAD+ reversed electron flow and succinate-driven energy-dependent transhydrogenation) are likewise markedly decreased, while ATP-driven energy-dependent transhydrogenation and mitochondrial ATPase are normal. Our data support the concept that iron deficiency leads to decreased electron-carrying capacity of iron-containing mitochondrial enzymes, with skeletal muscle being much more susceptible than liver, but that the mitochondria are otherwise normal with regard to energy conservation.
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Deybach JC, da Silva V, Grandchamp B, Nordmann Y. The mitochondrial location of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 149:431-5. [PMID: 3996415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using the digitonin method and subsequent fractionation of rat liver mitochondria, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (penultimate enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway) was found to be closely associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane fraction. Chemical treatment with non-specific probes (trypsin and diazobenzene sulfonate) of either intact or inverted mitoplasts, indicated that protoporphyrinogen oxidase was anchored within the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane. Protoporphyrinogen had an equal access to the active site of the enzyme from both sides of the inner membrane and its transformation to protoporphyrin did not appear to be energy-dependent. Studies of protoporphyrinogen synthesis from exogenously added coproporphyrinogen in either intact or hypoosmotically treated mitochondria underlined the importance of the peculiar submitochondrial location of coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase for the transfer of substrates to the inner membrane.
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11
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Duportail G, Weinreb A. Photochemical changes of fluorescent probes in membranes and their effect on the observed fluorescence anisotropy values. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 736:171-7. [PMID: 6689128 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence intensity of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and of trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) is measured when these probes are embedded in vesicles of dipalmitoyl- and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC and DOPC), in mixtures of these vesicles as well as in vesicles of the mixed phospholipids, in trout intestinal brush border membranes and in mitoplasts of rat liver cells. The intensity in DOPC vesicles is found to be significantly higher than in DPPC vesicles. When these systems are irradiated with strong ultraviolet light radiation, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity is observed; this effect is much stronger in DOPC than in DPPC vesicles. The fluorescence anisotropy values in the mixture of vesicles as well as in the membranes show an initial increase with irradiation which is followed by a significant decrease. A transfer of DPH molecules between DPPC and DOPC vesicles is observed. For TMA-DPH this transfer takes place only from DPPC to DOPC vesicles, but not vice-versa. These results are related to intensity and anisotropy measurements of these probes in cell cultures.
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Sambasivarao D, Sitaramam V. Studies on the non-linear osmotic pressure-volume relationship in mitochondria and entry of sucrose into the matrix space during centrifugation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 722:256-70. [PMID: 6838866 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The two-compartment sucrose-space hypothesis was refuted recently (Sitaramam, V. and Sarma, M.K.J. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3441-3445), using the novel technique of enzyme osmometry of matrix enzymes based on the following premise: a shift in the discontinuity (break-point) of the activity profile of an occluded enzyme as a function of external osmolarity (i.e., osmotic profiles) would imply a shift in the internal solute content of the same compartment as that of the enzyme. A systematic re-evaluation of the osmotic profiles of mitochondrial enzyme systems has revealed that the activities of several matrix and inner membrane enzyme systems exhibited break-points larger than those of osmolysis (i.e., actual release of marker enzymes into the medium) of mitochondria. The experimental findings were consistent with (i) entry of sucrose across the inner membrane consequent to enhanced permeability effects by gravitational field, and (ii) dependence of the kinetic constant of several membrane-bound enzymes/carrier proteins, respiratory coupling and ADP/O ratio on the volume of mitochondria (i.e., osmotic stretch of the inner membrane).
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13
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Lianos P, Cremel G. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF 1-PYRENECARBOXALDEHYDE AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PROBING BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Magnaval R, Batti R. Protective effect of phospholipids in methylmercury inhibition of hydroxybutyrate deshydrogenase. Toxicol Lett 1980; 5:353-6. [PMID: 7385257 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(80)90037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of methylmercury on rat liver mitochondrial D 3-hydroxybutyrate deshydrogenase--an enzyme of the inner membrane matrix, which requires lecithin as a cofactor and has thiol residues in the active site--has been investigated. Using a partially purified enzymatic extract, methylmercury inhibition of the reactivation of the apodeshydrogenase by liposomes of lecithin has been studied as a function of lecithin concentration in the incubation medium. Partial reactivation has been observed at a concentration 3 times higher than that needed to reactivate the control. The present studies support the hypothesis that phospholipids are implicated in the mechanism of methylmercury inhibition.
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15
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Pfaff E, Schuler B, Krell H, Höke H. Viability control and special properties of isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 1980; 44:3-21. [PMID: 6992743 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The need for quick viability tests is stressed. Aas these should achieve more than statically categorizing dead or non-dead cells, several procedures are suggested that picture the energetic state of the cells. The almost classical criterion of this category, namely stimulation of respiration by succinate, must be questioned on the basis of the present results. It is shown, that restricted respiration by succinate is not due to limited permeability of the plasma membrane, but to competition by endogenous substrates for uptake into mitochondria. Distribution equilibria for succinate appear to be according to (delta pH)2 with regard to cytoplasm. They are attained within 5-20 s or faster. Uptake is in part regulated by the surface charge density. Permeability changes caused by effectors of surface charge, such as amphiphilic ions, are examplified for succinate, chloride, phosphate, Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Such changes repeatedly also occur after pulses of BSP. They are counterregulated by the cell within a minute in a manner dependent on BSP concentration and the state of the cells. During the preincubation phase, that is the time of readaptation after transfer of cells from 0 degree C to higher temperature, a special labile state transiently occurs, where cyclic permeability changes for Ca2+, Na+, K+ can be caused by substrate addition, especially succinate, and/or ATP. The extent of these changes and their sequence again depend on the energetic state of the cells. In a probably narrow energetic window a sequence of cation movements reminding of that after depolarization of an excitable cell, is observed. Manipulation of the Na+/K+-ratio by variation of preincubation time and by ouabain shows that this is not simply the denominator for reversible calcium uptake. As the surface charge appears to reflect the energetic state, ANS fluorescence is applied to monitor the state of the plasma membrane, though difficulties arising from a slow ANS permeation are not yet solved.
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Localisation submitochondriale des réactions de transformation de la corticostérone en 18 hydroxycorticostérone et en aldostérone. Biochimie 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(80)80262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Hubert P, Crémel G, Rendon A, Sacko B, Waksman A. Direct evidence for internalization of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase into mitoplasts. Biochemistry 1979; 18:3119-26. [PMID: 223627 DOI: 10.1021/bi00581a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, an enzyme localized on the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane, is released into the intermembrane space upon addition of a "movement effector" (succinate, fumarate, pyruvate, or glutamate) [Waksman, A., & Rendon, A. (1974) Biochimie 56, 907-924]. After removal of the movement effector, 90% of the released enzyme rebound to mitoplasts. Lubrol fractionation showed that this bound activity was associated with the inner membrane. Internalization was demonstrated by using both enzymatic and molecular approaches. It was found that 70% of the reassociated enzyme became inaccessible from the outside of the mitoplast either to a nonpermeating substrate (NADH), to mild protease hydrolysis, or to recognition by a specific antibody. In contrast, in inside-out vesicles, the enzyme remained accessible to NADH, protease, and antibodies. Latency measurements performed at different temperatures on whole intact mitochondria confirmed the existence of reversible intermembrane movement of the enzyme in situ.
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Barbotin JN, Levy M, Joncourt M. Immobilization of a lecithin-requiring enzyme, D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, in synthetic membranes. J Memb Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)80444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Zuurendonk PF, Tischler ME, Akerboom TP, Van Der Meer R, Williamson JR, Tager JM. Rapid separation of particulate and soluble fractions from isolated cell preparations (digitonin and cell cavitation procedures). Methods Enzymol 1979; 56:207-23. [PMID: 459866 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)56023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Elias PM, Goerke J, Friend DS, Brown BE. Freeze-fracture identification of sterol-digitonin complexes in cell and liposome membranes. J Cell Biol 1978; 78:577-96. [PMID: 690180 PMCID: PMC2110113 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.78.2.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To advance our understanding of the organization of cholesterol within cell membranes, we used digitonin in freeze-fracture investigations of model lipid vesicles and tissues. Cholesterol suspensions or multilamellar liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine with and without cholesterol were exposed to digitonin. Freeze-fracture replicas of those multilamellar liposomes containing cholesterol displayed either 50--60-nm wide intramembrane corrugations or extramembrane tubular complexes. Comparable intramembrane hemitubular scallops and extra-cellular free tubular complexes were observed in thin sections. Exposure of sperm, erythrocytes (whole and ghosts), and intact tissues (skin, liver, adrenal gland, epididymis) to digitonin produced the same types of intra- and extramembrane complexes or furrows as were formed in liposomes. The plasma membrane of guinea pig serum tail had two unfurrowed regions: the annulus and the zipper. Incubating erythrocyte membranes with digitonin resulted in rapid displacement of cholesterol, accompanied by intramembrane particle clustering and membrane faceting, a feature which we did not see in the intact epithelia studied. In freeze-fractured epithelia, we found that plasma membranes, lysosomes, and some vesicular organelles commonly furrowed, but that mitochondrial membranes and nuclear envelopes were generally spared, correlating well with their known cholesterol content. Finally, plasma membrane corrugations approached but did not impinge on either gap or tight junctions, or on coated vesicles. We conclude that freeze-fracture of membranes exposed to digitonin: (a) reveals distinctive cholesterol-digitonin structural complexes; (b) distinguishes cholesterol-rich and -poor organelle membranes; and (c) demonstrates membrane domains rich or poor in cholesterol.
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Vermeer BJ, Van Gent CM, De Bruijn WC, Boonders T. The effect of digitonin-containing fixatives on the retention of free cholesterol and cholesterol esters. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1978; 10:287-98. [PMID: 649442 DOI: 10.1007/bf01007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of several fixation and dehydration procedures on the retention of free cholesterol and cholesterol esters was studied in filter paper preparations. The retention of free cholesterol by the filter paper proved to be decreased by the addition of digitonin to the aldehyde fixative (aqueous phase) and was only slightly enhanced by partial dehydration (alcoholic phase, up to 70% ethanol). Furthermore, digitonin or the presumably formed cholesterol-digitonide complex bound hardly any osmium oxides in glass-fibre paper. Up to 26% of the cholesterol esters was mobilized during the aqueous phase when digitonin was added to the aldehyde fixative. When the glass-fibre papers containing the digitonin cholesterol-ester-osmate complexes were stored in distilled water after fixation, the fluid became turbid. Particulate material isolated from this turbid solution showed ultrastructurally a close resemblance to the 'whorls' observed by several authors in tissue fixed by a digitonin-containing aldehyde fixative. Digitonin also changed the ultrastructural appearance of liposomes, containing lecithin: cholesterol: phosphatidic acid; in a molar ratio 7:2:1. Our observations lead to the conclusion that the use of digitonin-containing fixatives should be abandoned, because they give results which cannot be interpreted. By the use of K4 [Fe(CN)6] containing OSO4 in the post-fixation step were able to demonstrate an increase in the visualization of membranous structures (liposomes).
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Voltti H, Hassinen IE. Oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials of mitochondrial flavoproteins and their intramitochondrial localization. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1978; 10:45-58. [PMID: 555461 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric substrate couple titrations and potentiometric spectrophotometric titrations were used to determine the oxidation-reduction potentials of components showing absorbance or fluorescence at the wavelengths attributable to the flavoproteins of mitochondria fractionated using digitonin together with sonication. A pure mitoplast fraction devoid of cytochrome b5 contamination could be obtained using 230 micrograms digitonin/mg of mitochondrial protein. The digitonin-soluble fraction contained a species having Em7.4 = -123 mV and probably represents the outer membrane flavoproteins. The inner membrane-matrix fraction, treated with ultrasound, provided evidence of a flavoprotein species with redox potential (Em7.4 = -302 mV) in the matrix fraction. The -302 mV component is probably lipoamide dehydrogenase. A high redox potential species with Em7.4 = +19 mV in titrations with the succinate fumarate couple was located in the inner membrane vesicles and is probably identical with succinate dehydrogenase. The electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) was isolated from bovine heart mitochondria and its Em7.4 = -74 mV determined. The component in the matrix fraction with an apparent Em7.4 = -56 mV probably represents ETF, and that in the inner membrane fraction with an apparent Em7.4 = -43 mV the NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein. A component in an apparently low concentration with Em7.4 = +30 mV was detected in the inner membrane fraction. This probably represents the ETF-dehydrogenase flavoprotein. The origin of the flavoprotein fluorescence of mitochondria and intact tissues is discussed.
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Goubault de Brugière JF, Rendon A, Waksman A. [Reversible enlargement of proteins in rat liver mitochondria: analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. Biochimie 1977; 59:627-35. [PMID: 922052 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(77)80172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intramitochondrial large amplitude protein movements were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the intermembranal fluids of mitochondria which were incubated in presence of movement effectors. The specific and reversible property of this phenomenon was confirmed by this method. Its bilateral nature was observed. The eventuality of a partial inner membrane damage provoked by the synergic action of digitonine and movement effector, was discussed, evaluated and dismissed.
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Matlib MA, Shannon WA, Srere PA. Measurement of matrix enzyme activity in isolated mitochondria made permeable with toluene. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 178:396-407. [PMID: 13726 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Itoh G. ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHE UND ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCH-HISTOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER NEBENNIERENRINDE DER RATTE MIT AMINOGLUTÄTHIMID (ELIPTEN, CIBA) ÜND UBER IHREN REPARATURPROZESS. Pathol Int 1977. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1977.tb01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Frosolono MF, Kress Y, Wittner M, Rosenbaum RM. Culture characteristics of cells derived from type II pneumocyte enriched fractions from rabbit and rat. IN VITRO 1976; 12:708-17. [PMID: 1035205 DOI: 10.1007/bf02797475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type II cell enriched fractions were isolated from rabbit and rat lungs using density gradient centrifugation. Cultures established from these fractions contained predominantly cells similar in most morphological respects to type II pneumocytes. These were in continuous replicating culture for 1 year and still exhibited contact inhibition. Membrane-bound structures reminiscent of, but no longer strictly identical to, type II cell lamellar cytosomes were seen in cells from these long-term cultures although their numbers were reduced in comparison to lamellar bodies in freshly isolated cells. Mitochondrial numbers and sizes, determined morphometrically, were reduced after culture in comparison to freshly isolated type II cells and those in situ. Phosphatidylcholine was synthesized by these cells and released into the extracellular medium. Application of laser activated electronic sizing data, confirmed by direct micrometry, demonstrated a significant increase in cell size as a function of culture. This sizing data, after prior confirmation by electron microscopy, was used as an aid in identifying type II cells and macrophages in dispersion, especially with those cells derived from rabbit lungs.
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Levy M, Joncourt M, Thiessard J. [Beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of rat liver inner mitochondrial membrane. Its isolation, characterization, and reactivation by lecithins differing in their apolar regions. The influence of the addition of cholesterol on its level of reactivation (author's transl)]. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 424:57-65. [PMID: 1252480 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(76)90049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase has been isolated and purified from the inner mitochondrial membrane of the rat liver. It consists in a dimer of molecular weight 77 000 composed by two subunits of molecular weight 38 000 each. The level of its reactivation by lecithin is influenced by the length and degree of unsaturated of their aliphatic chains. The addition of cholesterol inhibits the reactivation.
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Magnaval R, Batti R, Thiessard J. Methyl mercury effect on rat liver mitochondrial deshydrogenases. EXPERIENTIA 1975; 31:406-7. [PMID: 164366 DOI: 10.1007/bf02026343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Matlib MA, O'Brien PJ. Compartmentation of enzymes in the rat liver mitochondrial matrix. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 167:193-202. [PMID: 1130792 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Zaluska H, Brabcová J, Wroniszewska A, Zborowski J, Drahota Z, Wojtczak L. Separation of outer and inner membranes of mitochondria from the brown adipose tissue of infant rats. Exp Cell Res 1975; 91:63-72. [PMID: 165947 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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32
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Paradisi F, Trapani A, Pepe G, Cifarelli A. Uptake of fluorochrome-labelled exotoxins by different cell types in culture. LA RICERCA IN CLINICA E IN LABORATORIO 1975; 5:49-58. [PMID: 817383 DOI: 10.1007/bf02910015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of diphtheria toxin and of Staphylococcus alpha-toxin by two different human cell types cultured in vitro (the HEp-2 continuous cell line and human adult hepatocytes) was studied by fluorescence microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. The behavior of these two bacterial exotoxins was quite different. Diphtheria toxin was incorporated into cells by pinocytosis, whereas alpha-hemolysin penetrated into the cytoplasm probably through lesions in the cell membrane. In addition, the penetration of diphtheria toxin into the cells was not inhibited by specific antiserum, whereas anti-alpha-haemolysin inhibited the penetration of alpha-tpxin through the cell membrane. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Maisterrena B, Comte J, Gautheron DC. Purification of pig heart mitochondrial membranes. Enzymatic and morphological characterization as compared to microsomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 367:115-26. [PMID: 4371831 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Abstract
Mitochondria from the muscle of the parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum function anaerobically in electron transport-associated phosphorylations under physiological conditions. These helminth organelles have been fractionated into inner and outer membrane, matrix, and intermembrane space fractions. The distributions of enzyme systems were determined and compared with corresponding distributions reported in mammalian mitochondria. Succinate and pyruvate dehydrogenases as well as NADH oxidase, Mg(++)-dependent ATPase, adenylate kinase, citrate synthase, and cytochrome c reductases were determined to be distributed as in mammalian mitochondria. In contrast with the mammalian systems, fumarase and NAD-linked "malic" enzyme were isolated primarily from the intermembrane space fraction of the worm mitochondria. These enzymes are required for the anaerobic energy-generating system in Ascaris and would be expected to give rise to NADH in the intermembrane space. The need for and possible mechanism of a proton translocation system to obtain energy generation is suggested.
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Waksman A, Rendon A. Intramitochondrial intermembranal large amplitude protein movements. I. A possible novel aspect of membrane fluidity. Biochimie 1974; 56:907-24. [PMID: 4374969 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(74)80514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Scholte HR. The separation and enzymatic characterization of inner and outer membranes of rat-heart mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 330:283-93. [PMID: 4149249 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Sulimovici S, Bartoov B, Lunenfeld B. Localization of 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the inner membrane subfraction of rat testis mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 321:27-40. [PMID: 4356307 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Israel A, Verjus MA, Semmel M. Isolation and characterization of surface membranes from chorioallantoic cells and chick fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 318:155-66. [PMID: 4355466 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Toury R. [Study of low-affinity Ca2+ binding by rat liver inner and outer mitochondrial membrane and rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum]. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 307:607-12. [PMID: 4718808 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Rendon A, Waksman A. Release and binding of proteins and enzymes with isolated inner mitochondrial membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50:814-9. [PMID: 4347529 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Tischler ME, Fisher RR. Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide by intact rat liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 292:39-49. [PMID: 4145135 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Abdelkader AB, Cherif A, Demandre C, Mazliak P. The oleyl-coenzyme-A desaturase of potato tubers. Enzymatic properties, intracellular localization and induction during "aging" of tuber slices. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 32:155-65. [PMID: 4405718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Addink AD, Boer P, Wakabayashi T, Green DE. Enzyme localization in beef-heart mitochondria. A biochemical and electron-microscopic study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 29:47-59. [PMID: 4343300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Egger G. [Problems of the electron microscopic demonstration of succinic dehydrogenase with the osmiophilic tetrazolium salt TC-NBT]. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1972; 30:60-72. [PMID: 4560579 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Paradisi F, Graziano L. Enzyme cytochemistry of cell cultures subjected to the action of Staphylococcus alpha-toxin. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1972; 32:81-8. [PMID: 4342863 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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Palmer JM, Hall DO. The mitochondrial membrane system. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1972; 24:125-76. [PMID: 4264832 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(72)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Moreau F, Lance C. [Isolation and properties of external and internal membranes of plant mitochondria]. Biochimie 1972; 54:1335-48. [PMID: 4347540 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(72)80074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Sauner MT, Lévy M. [Lipid linkages in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes]. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 241:97-101. [PMID: 4331047 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Novák E, Seifert J, Buchar E, Rasková H. Effect of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on the phosphorylation of ADP by rat liver mitochondria. I. Inhibition of phosphorylation by a thermo-stable factor. Toxicon 1971; 9:211-8. [PMID: 5092390 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(71)90072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Rendon A, Waksman A. Intramitochondrial release and binding of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase in the presence and absence of monovalent and bivalent cations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 42:1214-9. [PMID: 5550808 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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