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Varshney R, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Rawat M, Saminathan M, Singh V, Singh R, Sahoo M, Gupta PK. Development of novel iron-regulated Pasteurella multocida B: 2 bacterin and refinement of vaccine quality in terms of minimum variation in particle size and distribution vis-a-vis critical level of iron in media. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104375. [PMID: 32679244 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media and to overcome the limitations of the existing haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccines, a comprehensive study was undertaken encompassing the role of iron on the bacterial biomass of Pasteurella multocida B: 2 to vaccine development. Trypsin digested hydrochloric acid-treated sheep blood (THSB) as a novel iron rich supplement had been devised for the first time for augmenting the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media which was evident with growth kinetic study. The higher recovery of iron from THSB became evident via atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. The critical level of iron in the media as well as mode of iron supplementation showed a major impact on the outer membrane protein profile of P. multocida B:2 and variation in droplet size and particle-size distribution of formulated vaccine. Immune response study against iron-regulated bacterin adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel in mouse model showed that 3% THSB supplementation of casein sucrose yeast (CSY) not only augmented the growth of P. multocida B:2 significantly but conferred highest pre-challenged ELISA IgG titer and protection against pasteurellosis. Thus, THSB supplementation of CSY can resolve existing up-scaling and immunogenic potential problems of HS vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, UP, 231001, India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India.
| | - Mayank Rawat
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - M Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
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Prevalence of hemolysis and metabolic acidosis in patients with circulatory failure supported with extracorporeal life support: a marker for survival? Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19 Suppl 2:110-116. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Liang WB, Guo MH, Fan EY, Zhang JJ, Wu MH, Liu YC, Cai L, Li ZG, Huang B, Wei P, Sun J, Zhu Y. Erythrocyte concentrates recovered from under-collected whole blood: experimental and clinical results. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117928. [PMID: 25706725 PMCID: PMC4338272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although periodic blood shortages are widespread in major Chinese cities, approximately 1x105 U of whole blood are discarded yearly because of under-collection. To reduce the wastage of acid citrate dextrose solution B (ACD-B) anticoagulated under-collected whole blood (UC-WB), this study was performed to elucidate the effect of extracellular pH and holding time on erythrocyte quality. Mannitol-adenine-phosphate (MAP) erythrocyte concentrates (UC-RBCs) were prepared with UC-WB to assess the safety and efficacy of this component. Methods The effect of the different extracellular pH levels and storage times on erythrocytes was assessed by fluorescent probes, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy. In vitro properties of 34 UC-RBCs that were prepared with UC-WB at different times after collection were analyzed and compared to normal RBCs during 35 days of storage. The results of transfusion with UC-RBCs and the incidence of adverse reactions in 49 patients were determined. Results 1) Low extracellular pH levels and long storage time induced increases in RBC fluorescence polarization and mean microviscosity, changes in membrane fluidity, band 1, 2 and 3 protein expression, and erythrocyte morphology. 2) During storage for 35 days, difference in between-subjects effects of K+, hemolysis and supernatant erythrocyte membrane protein (EMP) were statistically significant (P = 0.041, 0.007 and 0.002, respectively), while the differences between these parameters in the 4 h group and comparable controls were less significant. 3) Clinical data from 49 patients confirmed that transfusions with UC-RBCs were satisfactory with no adverse reactions. Conclusion These results suggest that it is feasible to prepare RBCs with ACD-B anticoagulated UC-WB at a minimum of 66% volume of the labeled collection. It was effective and safe to transfuse the UC-RBCs prepared within 4 h after collection and stored within 7 days. The use of UC-WB would be a welcome addition to limited blood resources in China. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003967
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Biao Liang
- Research Department of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WBL); (YZ)
| | - Ming-Hua Guo
- Quality Management Department of Yangzhou Red-Cross Blood Bank, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - En-Yong Fan
- Quality Management Department of Yangzhou Red-Cross Blood Bank, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Min-Hui Wu
- Research Department of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- Research Department of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Cai
- Preparation Division of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Gang Li
- Quality Management Department of Yangzhou Red-Cross Blood Bank, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Bing Huang
- Preparation Division of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- Management Department of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- Management Department of Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WBL); (YZ)
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Jóźwiak Z, Leyko W. Role of Membrane Components in Thermal Injury of Cells and Development of Thermotolerance. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 62:743-56. [PMID: 1362768 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214552701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to hyperthermia induces a transient resistance to subsequent heat treatment. The specific mechanisms responsible for hyperthermic cell killing and thermotolerance development are not well understood. It seems that heat may induce at least two different states of thermotolerance, of which one is dependent on protein synthesis. The expression of thermotolerance may include multiple cytoplasmic and membrane components. A number of studies have indicated that membranes play an important role in governing the thermal injury of cells. It seems, therefore, that heat denatured plasma membrane proteins may be a potential target for thermal stress and a trigger for the induction of thermotolerance. The localization of heat shock proteins in the plasma membrane and the suggestion of thermal resistance in enucleate erythrocytes support this suggestion. However, a direct relationship between the plasma membrane and hyperthermic killing or development of thermotolerance has not been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jóźwiak
- Chair of Biophysics, University of Lódź, Poland
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Ivanov IT. Low pH-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes is related to the entry of the acid into cytosole and oxidative stress on cellular membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1415:349-60. [PMID: 9889396 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
HCl-induced lysis of mammalian erythrocytes, pretreated with DIDS, which is a specific inhibitor of the anion transport in their membranes, was markedly delayed. After acidification of a suspension of DIDS-inhibited cells, hemolysis was initiated by addition of a protonophore (Na-salicylate) at any moment chosen by will. These findings revealed that low-pH hemolysis depended on the rate of the transfer of acid equivalents into cytosole. Erythrocyte acid resistance was studied in a group of mammals and found to be inversely related to the rate of monovalent anion exchange in membranes which supported the above observations. In human erythrocytes, the critical level of cytosole acidification was found to be about pH 5.7 by measuring the acid equivalent absorbed by cells prior to hemolysis. HCl-induced hemolysis was also studied in human erythrocyte ghosts resealed with one-sixth of the initial hemoglobin content of cells. During the prelytic interval the ghosts suspended in isotonic NaCl/sucrose media shrunk, indicating an increase in ion permeability. The increase in prelytic permeability and hemolysis were strongly delayed in ghosts prepared from DIDS-treated cells, suggesting a uniform mechanism of lysing in cells and their ghosts. The prelytic increase in ion permeability was measured by the corresponding rate of ghost shrinkage and was found to be pH-dependent, with a high value below pH 3.4 and a very low one above pH 4.0. Compared to cells, the prelytic barrier impairment in ghosts had more mild character although it required greater concentration of cytosolic H+. While finally complete, hemolysis of cells was strongly delayed in the presence of catalase (500-1500 U/ml) and superoxide dismutase (200-600 U/ml) in hemolytic media. In conclusion, the acid-induced hemolysis could be associated with an oxidative injury of membranes, mainly triggered by the entry of acid equivalents into the cytosole.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Ivanov
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical Institute, Thracian University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
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Yang E, Huestis W. Oxidative interactions between the erythrocyte membrane and phosphatidylcholine vesicles. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mouneimne Y, Tosi PF, Barhoumi R, Nicolau C. Electroinsertion of xeno proteins in red blood cell membranes yields a long lived protein carrier in circulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1066:83-9. [PMID: 2065072 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroinsertion, a novel method of implanting xeno-proteins in red blood cell plasma membranes is applied to the insertion of human glycophorin in mouse red blood cells. The procedures yield erythrocytes with approx. 10(4) glycophorin molecules per cell, displaying the patching phenomenon when reacted with antiglycophorin monoclonal antibodies. Insertion of FITC-labeled glycophorin and subsequent quenching of FITC fluorescence with anti FITC antibody indicated that 70% of the inserted molecules were 'correctly' oriented, displaying the epitopes shown by glycophorin in human red blood cells. Moreover, insertion of FITC glycophorin in the red blood cell membranes yielded, under the fluorescence microscope continuous fluorescence which became patchy after reaction with anti-glycophorin monoclonal antibodies. When injected in mice, biotinylated RBC-Glyc+ were shown to have the same life-span as normal mouse red blood cells, i.e. t1/2 approximately 12 days. Cytofluorometric assay of human glycophorin inserted in the red blood cell showed the same life-span for the inserted protein as for the red blood cell, with the protein fully 'functional', i.e. capable of binding antibodies. Human glycophorin inserted in mouse erythrocyte did not elicit any immune response in mice, whereas the same concentrations of free glycophorin injected i.v. were highly immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mouneimne
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station
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Webb NR, Madoulet C, Tosi PF, Broussard DR, Sneed L, Nicolau C, Summers MD. Cell-surface expression and purification of human CD4 produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:7731-5. [PMID: 2682621 PMCID: PMC298144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that acts as the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cDNA encoding full-length CD4 was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under transcriptional regulation of the viral polyhedrin gene promoter. The recombinant virus was used to infect insect cells, which resulted in the abundant expression of CD4 as evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. Recombinant CD4 expressed on the surface of infected insect cells was immunologically indistinguishable from human CD4 when using 11 different anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies. The extraction of infected cells by phase-transition separation with Triton X-114 followed by immunoaffinity chromatography yielded a single protein detected by NaDodSO4/PAGE using silver staining. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified recombinant protein showed that CD4 produced in Sf9 cells is efficiently cleaved from the precursor protein. Immunoblot analysis under nondenaturing conditions showed that the purified protein reacted with the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody Leu-3a. The potential use of the recombinant membrane-associated CD4 in anti-HIV therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Webb
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843
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Arvinte T, Schulz B, Cudd A, Nicolau C. Low-pH association of proteins with the membranes of intact red blood cells. I. Exogenous glycophorin and the CD4 molecule. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 981:51-60. [PMID: 2497782 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycophorin and CD4 proteins are tightly associated with intact human erythrocyte membranes after a short-time incubation at low pH (1-2 min, pH lower than 5, 37 degrees C). Flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscope observations showed that after incubation of red cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled glycophorin at pH values lower than 5, the erythrocyte membrane and subsequently formed ghost membranes were fluorescent. Unlabeled glycophorin was reacted with mouse erythrocytes using the same low-pH conditions. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that anti-glycophorin monoclonal antibodies were able to recognize the epitopes of glycophorin associated with the mouse erythrocytes. Kinetic experiments showed that the interaction of FITC-glycophorin with red cell membranes can be monitored by a decrease in the fluorescence intensity. Erythrocyte associated glycophorin was not removed from the membranes after 24 h incubation in human plasma (in vitro, 39 degrees C). A glycoprotein extract containing CD4 was isolated from a T4-lymphoma cell line (CEM). This protein extract was incubated with erythrocytes using the same low-pH conditions. Fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies against CD4 stained the red cells after association of CD4 with the membranes. Electron microscopy showed 10 nm immunoglobulin G-coated gold beads associated with CD4-bearing erythrocyte membranes after incubation with anti-CD4 antibodies and then with the gold beads. The potential use of the CD4-erythrocyte complex as a therapeutical agent against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arvinte
- Biophor Corporation, Texas A & M University Research Park, College Station 77840
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