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Khasimov MK, Petushkova EP, Khusnutdinova AN, Zorin NA, Batyrova KA, Yakunin AF, Tsygankov AA. The HydS C-terminal domain of the Thiocapsa bogorovii HydSL hydrogenase is involved in membrane anchoring and electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148492. [PMID: 34487705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thiocapsa bogorovii BBS (former name Thiocapsa roseopersicina) contains HydSL hydrogenase belonging to 1e subgroup of NiFe hydrogenases (isp-type). The operon of these hydrogenases contains gene for small subunit (hydS), gene for large subunit (hupL), and genes isp1 and isp2 between them. It is predicted that last two genes code electron transport careers for electron transfer from/to HydSL hydrogenase. However, the interaction between them is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine structural and functional role of T. bogorovii HydS C-terminal end. For this purpose, we modelled all subunits of the complex HydS-HydL-Isp1-Isp2. Hydrophobicity surface analysis of the Isp1 model revealed highly hydrophobic helices suggesting potential membrane localization, as well as the hydrophilic C-terminus, which is likely localized outside of membrane. Isp1 model was docked with models of full length and C-terminal truncated HydSL hydrogenases and results illustrate the possibility of HydSL membrane anchoring via transmembrane Isp1 with essential participation of C-terminal end of HydS in the interaction. C-terminal end of HydS subunit was deleted and our studies revealed that the truncated HydSL hydrogenase detached from cellular membranes in contrast to native hydrogenase. It is known that HydSL hydrogenase in T. bogorovii performs the reaction of elemental sulfur reduction (S0 + H2 = ≥H2S). Cells with truncated HydS produced much less H2S in the presence of H2 and S0. Thus, our data support the conclusion that C-terminal end of HydS subunit participates in interaction of HydSL hydrogenase with Isp1 protein for membrane anchoring and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhmadyusuf K Khasimov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Petushkova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Anna N Khusnutdinova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Zorin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Khorcheska A Batyrova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander F Yakunin
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Anatoly A Tsygankov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino's center of Biological Research", Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.
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Khasimov MK, Laurinavichene TV, Petushkova EP, Tsygankov AA. Relations between Hydrogen and Sulfur Metabolism in Purple Sulfur Bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zorin NA, Starodubov AS, Tsygankov AA. Effect of Hg2+ on HydSL Hydrogenase of the Purple Sulfur Bacteria Thiocapsa roseopersicina BBS. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zorin NA, Zabelin AA, Shkuropatov AY, Tsygankov AA. Interaction of HydSL hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina with cyanide leads to destruction of iron-sulfur clusters. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:190-197. [PMID: 28972933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cyanide on enzymatic activity and absorption spectra in the visible and mid-IR (2150-1850cm-1) regions were characterized for purified HydSL hydrogenase from the purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa (T.) roseopersicina BBS. Prolonged incubation (over hours) of T. roseopersicina hydrogenase with exogenous cyanide was shown to result in an irreversible loss of activity of the enzyme in both the oxidized (as isolated) and H2-reduced states. The frequency position of the active site CO and CN- ligand stretching bands in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the oxidized form of hydrogenase was not influenced by cyanide treatment. The 410-nm absorption band characteristic of hydrogenase iron‑sulfur clusters showed a bleaching concomitantly with cyanide inactivation. A new band at 2038cm-1 was present in the FTIR spectrum of the cyanide-inactivated preparation, which band is assignable to ferrocyanide as a possible product of a destructive interaction of hydrogenase with cyanide. The results are interpreted in terms of a slow destruction of iron‑sulfur clusters of hydrogenase in the presence of cyanide accompanied by a release of iron ions in the form of ferrocyanide into the surrounding solution. Such a slow and irreversible cyanide-dependent inactivation seems to be complementary to a recently described rapid, reversible inhibitory reaction of cyanide with the active site of hydrogenases [S.V. Hexter, M.-W. Chung, K.A. Vincent, F.A. Armstrong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 (2014) 10470-10477].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Zorin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Zabelin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly Ya Shkuropatov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation.
| | - Anatoly A Tsygankov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation
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Abdullatypov AV, Tsygankov AA. Modeling three-dimensional structure of two closely related Ni-Fe hydrogenases. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:341-353. [PMID: 25572109 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of homology modeling of HydSL, a NiFe-hydrogenase from purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina BBS, and deep-water bacterium Alteromonas macleodii deep ecotype are presented in this work. It is shown that the models have larger confidence level than earlier published ones; full-size models of these enzymes are presented for the first time. The C-end fragment of small subunit of T. roseopersicina hydrogenase is shown to have random orientation in relation to the main protein globule. The obtained models of this enzyme have a large number of ion pairs, as well as thermostable HydSL hydrogenase from Allochromatium vinosum, in contrast to thermostable HydSL hydrogenase from Alt. macleodii and thermolabile HydAB hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The possible determinant of oxygen stability of studied hydrogenases could be the lack of several intramolecular tunnels. Hydrophobic and electrostatic surfaces were mapped in order to find out possible pathways of coupling hydrogenase to electron-transferring chains, as well as methods for construction of artificial photobiohydrogen-producing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Abdullatypov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Institutskaya, 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia,
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Tsygankov AA, Khusnutdinova AN. Hydrogen in metabolism of purple bacteria and prospects of practical application. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261715010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Jugder BE, Welch J, Aguey-Zinsou KF, Marquis CP. Fundamentals and electrochemical applications of [Ni–Fe]-uptake hydrogenases. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Greene BL, Joseph CA, Maroney MJ, Dyer RB. Direct evidence of active-site reduction and photodriven catalysis in sensitized hydrogenase assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11108-11. [PMID: 22716776 DOI: 10.1021/ja3042367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report photocatalytic H(2) production by hydrogenase (H(2)ase)-quantum dot (QD) hybrid assemblies. Quenching of the CdTe exciton emission was observed, consistent with electron transfer from the quantum dot to H(2)ase. GC analysis showed light-driven H(2) production in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor with an efficiency of 4%, which is likely a lower limit for these hybrid systems. FTIR spectroscopy was employed for direct observation of active-site reduction in unprecedented detail for photodriven H(2)ase catalysis with sensitivity toward both H(2)ase and the sacrificial electron donor. Photosensitization with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) showed distinct FTIR photoreduction properties, generating all of the states along the steady-state catalytic cycle with minimal H(2) production, indicating slow, sequential one-electron reduction steps. Comparing the H(2)ase activity and FTIR results for the two systems showed that QDs bind more efficiently for electron transfer and that the final enzyme state is different for the two sensitizers. The possible origins of these differences and their implications for the enzymatic mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Greene
- Chemistry Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Zadvornyy OA, Lucon JE, Gerlach R, Zorin NA, Douglas T, Elgren TE, Peters JW. Photo-induced H2 production by [NiFe]-hydrogenase from T. roseopersicina covalently linked to a Ru(II) photosensitizer. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 106:151-5. [PMID: 22119807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The potential of hydrogen as a clean renewable fuel source and the finite reserves of platinum metal to be utilized in hydrogen production catalysts have provided the motivation for the development of non-noble metal-based solutions for catalytic hydrogen production. There are a number of microorganisms that possess highly efficient hydrogen production catalysts termed hydrogenases that generate hydrogen under certain metabolic conditions. Although hydrogenases occur in photosynthetic microorganisms, the oxygen sensitivity of these enzymes represents a significant barrier in directly coupling hydrogen production to oxygenic photosynthesis. To overcome this barrier, there has been considerable interest in identifying or engineering oxygen tolerant hydrogenases or generating mimetic systems that do not rely on oxygen producing photocatalysts. In this work, we demonstrate photo-induced hydrogen production from a stable [NiFe]-hydrogenase coupled to a [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)(2)(5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline)](2+) photocatalyst. When the Ru(II) complex is covalently attached to the hydrogenase, photocatalytic hydrogen production occurs more efficiently in the presence of a redox mediator than if the Ru(II) complex is simply present in solution. Furthermore, sustained hydrogen production occurs even in the presence of oxygen by presumably creating a local anoxic environment through the reduction of oxygen similar to what is proposed for oxygen tolerant hydrogenases. These results provide a strong proof of concept for engineering photocatalytic hydrogen production in the presence of oxygen using biohybrid mimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Zadvornyy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Kim JYH, Jo BH, Cha HJ. Production of biohydrogen by heterologous expression of oxygen-tolerant Hydrogenovibrio marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:312-9. [PMID: 21794837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen sensitivity of hydrogenase is a critical issue in efficient biological hydrogen production. In the present study, oxygen-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenase from the marine bacterium, Hydrogenovibrio marinus, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, for the first time. Recombinant E. coli BL21 expressing H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase actively produced hydrogen, but the parent strain did not. Recombinant H. marinus hydrogenase required both nickel and iron for biological activity. Compared to the recombinant E. coli [NiFe]-hydrogenase 1 described in our previous report, recombinant H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase displayed 1.6- to 1.7-fold higher hydrogen production activity in vitro. Importantly, H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase exhibited relatively good oxygen tolerance in analyses involving changes of surface aeration and oxygen proportion within a gas mixture. Specifically, recombinant H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase produced ∼7- to 9-fold more hydrogen than did E. coli [NiFe]-hydrogenase 1 in a gaseous environment containing 5-10% (v/v) oxygen. In addition, purified H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase displayed a hydrogen evolution activity of ∼28.8 nmol H₂/(minmg protein) under normal aerobic purification conditions. Based on these results, we suggest that oxygen-tolerant H. marinus [NiFe]-hydrogenase can be employed for in vivo and in vitro biohydrogen production without requirement for strictly anaerobic facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaoon Y H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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A synthetic system links FeFe-hydrogenases to essential E. coli sulfur metabolism. J Biol Eng 2011; 5:7. [PMID: 21615937 PMCID: PMC3130634 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FeFe-hydrogenases are the most active class of H2-producing enzymes known in nature and may have important applications in clean H2 energy production. Many potential uses are currently complicated by a crucial weakness: the active sites of all known FeFe-hydrogenases are irreversibly inactivated by O2. Results We have developed a synthetic metabolic pathway in E. coli that links FeFe-hydrogenase activity to the production of the essential amino acid cysteine. Our design includes a complementary host strain whose endogenous redox pool is insulated from the synthetic metabolic pathway. Host viability on a selective medium requires hydrogenase expression, and moderate O2 levels eliminate growth. This pathway forms the basis for a genetic selection for O2 tolerance. Genetically selected hydrogenases did not show improved stability in O2 and in many cases had lost H2 production activity. The isolated mutations cluster significantly on charged surface residues, suggesting the evolution of binding surfaces that may accelerate hydrogenase electron transfer. Conclusions Rational design can optimize a fully heterologous three-component pathway to provide an essential metabolic flux while remaining insulated from the endogenous redox pool. We have developed a number of convenient in vivo assays to aid in the engineering of synthetic H2 metabolism. Our results also indicate a H2-independent redox activity in three different FeFe-hydrogenases, with implications for the future directed evolution of H2-activating catalysts.
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[NiFe] hydrogenase from Alteromonas macleodii with unusual stability in the presence of oxygen and high temperature. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1990-8. [PMID: 21257809 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenases are enzymes involved in the bioproduction of hydrogen, a clean alternative energy source whose combustion generates water as the only end product. In this article we identified and characterized a [NiFe] hydrogenase from the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii "deep ecotype" with unusual stability toward oxygen and high temperature. The A. macleodii hydrogenase (HynSL) can catalyze both H(2) evolution and H(2) uptake reactions. HynSL was expressed in A. macleodii under aerobic conditions and reached the maximum activity when the cells entered the late exponential phase. The higher level of hydrogenase activity was accompanied by a greater abundance of the HynSL protein in the late-log or stationary phase. The addition of nickel to the growth medium significantly enhanced the hydrogenase activity. Ni treatment affected the level of the protein, but not the mRNA, indicating that the effect of Ni was exerted at the posttranscriptional level. Hydrogenase activity was distributed ∼30% in the membrane fraction and ∼70% in the cytoplasmic fraction. Thus, HynSL appears to be loosely membrane-bound. Partially purified A. macleodii hydrogenase demonstrated extraordinary stability. It retained 84% of its activity after exposure to 80°C for 2 h. After exposure to air for 45 days at 4°C, it retained nearly 100% of its activity when assayed under anaerobic conditions. Its catalytic activity in the presence of O(2) was evaluated by the hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange assay. In 1% O(2), 20.4% of its H-D exchange activity was retained. The great stability of HynSL makes it a potential candidate for biotechnological applications.
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Schwarz C, Poss Z, Hoffmann D, Appel J. Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Metabolism in Photosynthetic Prokaryotes. RECENT ADVANCES IN PHOTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTES 2010; 675:305-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Discovery of [NiFe] hydrogenase genes in metagenomic DNA: cloning and heterologous expression in Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5821-30. [PMID: 19633107 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00580-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a metagenomics approach, we have cloned a piece of environmental DNA from the Sargasso Sea that encodes an [NiFe] hydrogenase showing 60% identity to the large subunit and 64% to the small subunit of a Thiocapsa roseopersicina O2-tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenase. The DNA sequence of the hydrogenase identified by the metagenomic approach was subsequently found to be 99% identical to the hyaA and hyaB genes of an Alteromonas macleodii hydrogenase, indicating that it belongs to the Alteromonas clade. We were able to express our new Alteromonas hydrogenase in T. roseopersicina. Expression was accomplished by coexpressing only two accessory genes, hyaD and hupH, without the need to express any of the hyp accessory genes (hypABCDEF). These results suggest that the native accessory proteins in T. roseopersicina could substitute for the Alteromonas counterparts that are absent in the host to facilitate the assembly of a functional Alteromonas hydrogenase. To further compare the complex assembly machineries of these two [NiFe] hydrogenases, we performed complementation experiments by introducing the new Alteromonas hyaD gene into the T. roseopersicina hynD mutant. Interestingly, Alteromonas endopeptidase HyaD could complement T. roseopersicina HynD to cleave endoproteolytically the C-terminal end of the T. roseopersicina HynL hydrogenase large subunit and activate the enzyme. This study refines our knowledge on the selectivity and pleiotropy of the elements of the [NiFe] hydrogenase assembly machineries. It also provides a model for functionally analyzing novel enzymes from environmental microbes in a culture-independent manner.
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Eberly JO, Ely RL. Thermotolerant hydrogenases: biological diversity, properties, and biotechnological applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2008; 34:117-30. [PMID: 18728989 DOI: 10.1080/10408410802240893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenases are metalloproteins that catalyze the oxidation and reduction of molecular hydrogen and play a crucial role in many microbial metabolic processes. A subset of hydrogenases capable of functioning at temperatures from 50 to 125 degrees C is found in thermophilic microorganisms. Most known thermotolerant hydrogenases contain a [NiFe] active site and are either bidirectional or uptake type. Although no exhaustive survey has been done of the ecological diversity of thermophilic hydrogen-reducing or oxidizing bacteria, they appear to exist in virtually every thermophilic environment examined to date. Thermotolerant hydrogenases share many similarities with their mesophilic counterparts, but they have several features in addition to thermotolerance that make them especially well suited for biotechnological applications. Ongoing research is focused on potential applications of thermotolerant H2 ases in biosynthesis, H2 production, bioremediation, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed O Eberly
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Maróti G, Fodor BD, Rákhely G, Kovács AT, Arvani S, Kovács KL. Accessory proteins functioning selectively and pleiotropically in the biosynthesis of [NiFe] hydrogenases in Thiocapsa roseopersicina. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:2218-27. [PMID: 12752441 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are at least two membrane-bound (HynSL and HupSL) and one soluble (HoxEFUYH) [NiFe] hydrogenases in Thiocapsa roseopersicina BBS, a purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium. Genes coding for accessory proteins that participate in the biosynthesis and maturation of hydrogenases seem to be scattered along the chromosome. Transposon-based mutagenesis was used to locate the hydrogenase accessory genes. Molecular analysis of strains showing mutant phenotypes led to the identification of hupK (hoxV ), hypC1, hypC2, hypD, hypE, and hynD genes. The roles of hynD, hupK and the two hypC genes were investigated in detail. The putative HynD was found to be a hydrogenase-specific endoprotease type protein, participating in the maturation of the HynSL enzyme. HupK plays an important role in the formation of the functionally active membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenases, but not in the biosynthesis of the soluble enzyme. In-frame deletion mutagenesis showed that HypC proteins were not specific for the maturation of either hydrogenase enzyme. The lack of either HypC protein drastically reduced the activity of every hydrogenase. Hence both HypCs might participate in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Homologous complementation with the appropriate genes substantiated the physiological roles of the corresponding gene products in the H2 metabolism of T. roseopersicina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
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Nedoluzhko AI, Shumilin IA, Mazhorova LE, Popov VO, Nikandrov VV. Enzymatic oxidation of cadmium and lead metals photodeposited on cadmium sulfide. Bioelectrochemistry 2001; 53:61-71. [PMID: 11206926 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium and lead metals deposited on CdS particles are shown to act as substrates--electron donors for enzymes, hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina (HG), NAD-dependent hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus (NLH), and ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase (FNR) from Chlorella in the formation of hydrogen, NADH and NADPH, respectively. Adsorption of the enzyme on the surface of the metallized CdS particle is required for enzymatic oxidation of metal. The maximum rates for the formation of hydrogen and NADH catalyzed by hydrogenase and NAD-dependent hydrogenase with metals as electron donors are comparable with the rates obtained for these enzymes using soluble substrates. Kinetic analysis of the enzymatic oxidation of cadmium metal has revealed that the rate decreases mainly due to the formation of a solid product, which is supposed to be Cd(OH)2. The deceleration of lead oxidation catalyzed by hydrogenase proceeds at the expense of the inhibitory effect of the formed Pb2+. The enzymatic oxidation of electrochemically prepared cadmium metal is also shown. Based on these results, a new mechanism of action of the enzymes involved in anaerobic biocorrosion is proposed. By this mechanism, the enzyme accelerates the process of metal dissolution through a mediatorless catalysis of the reduction of the enzyme substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Nedoluzhko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Schnackenberg J, Miyake M, Miyake J, Zorin NA, Asada Y. In vitro and in vivo coupling of Thiocapsa hydrogenase with cyanobacterial and algal electron mediators. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:30-4. [PMID: 16232569 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/1998] [Accepted: 04/08/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
H2 activation by the oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase from the purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina, using electron mediators of cyanobacterial and algal origin, has been demonstrated. Ferredoxins, either from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 or the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, are capable of providing electrons for hydrogenase-mediated H2 evolution. The high-potential cytochrome c6 from Synechococcus PCC7942 proved to be capable of accepting electrons derived from hydrogenase-mediated H2 oxidation. In subsequent experiments, Thiocapsa hydrogenase was introduced into the cells of Synechococcus PCC7942 by electroporation, for enhanced H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schnackenberg
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, AIST/MITI, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Zorin NA, Dimon B, Gagnon J, Gaillard J, Carrier P, Vignais PM. Inhibition by iodoacetamide and acetylene of the H-D-exchange reaction catalyzed by Thiocapsa roseopersicina hydrogenase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 241:675-81. [PMID: 8917471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of H-D isotope exchange catalyzed by the thermostable hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina have been studied by analysis of the exchange between D2 and H2O. The pH dependence of the exchange reaction was examined between pH 2.5 and pH 11. Over the whole pH range, HD was produced at a higher initial velocity than H2, with a marked optimum at pH 5.5; a second peak in the pH profile was observed at around pH 8.5. The rapid formation of H2 with respect to HD in the D2/H2O system is consistent with a heterolytic cleavage of D2 into D+ and an enzyme hydride that can both exchange with the solvent. The H-D-exchange activity was lower in the H2/D2O system than in the D2/H2O system. The other reactions catalyzed by the hydrogenase, H2 oxidation and H2 evolution, are pH dependent; the optimal pH were 9.5 for H2 uptake and 4.0 for H2 production. Treatment of the active form of hydrogenase by iodoacetamide led to a slow and irreversible inhibition of the H-D exchange. When iodo[1-14C]acetamide was incubated with hydrogenase, the radioactive labeling of the large subunit was higher for the enzyme activated under H2 than for the inactive oxidized form. Cysteine residues were identified as the alkylated derivative by amino acid analysis. Acetylene, which inhibits H-D exchange and abolishes the Ni-C EPR signal, protected the enzyme from irreversible inhibition by iodoacetamide. These data indicate that iodoacetamide can reach the active site of the H2-activated hydrogenase from T. roseopersicina. This was not found to be the case with the seleno hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio baculatus (now Desulfomicrobium baculatus). Cysteine modification by iodoacetamide upon activation of the enzyme concomitant with loss of H-D exchange indicates that reductive activation makes at least one Cys residue of the active site available for alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Zorin
- CEA/Grenoble, Laboratoire de Biochimie Microbienne (CNRS URA 1130 alliée à I'INSERM), Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Grenoble, France
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20
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McTavish H, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Arp DJ. Comparison of isotope exchange, H2 evolution, and H2 oxidation activities of Azotobacter vinelandii hydrogenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1294:183-90. [PMID: 8645737 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(96)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Azotobacter vinelandii hydrogenase was purified aerobically with a 35% yield. The purified enzyme catalyzed H2 oxidation at much greater velocity than H2 evolution. There was a large difference in activation energy for the two reactions. EA was 10 kcal/mol for H2 oxidation and 22 kcal/mol for evolution. This difference in activation energies between the two reactions means that the ratio of oxidation velocity to evolution velocity drops from 70 at 33 degrees C to 8 at 48 degrees C. With D2 and H2O as substrates, both membranes and purified enzyme produced only H2 and no HD in the isotope exchange reaction. The velocity of isotope exchange was equal to the velocity of H2 evolution from reduced methyl viologen, indicating that the two reactions share the same rate-limiting step. D2 and H2 inhibited H2 evolution, but D2 did not inhibit isotope exchange. We conclude that H2 and D2 do not inhibit H2 evolution by competing with H+ for the active site of the reduced enzyme. The Km for D2 in isotope exchange is 40-times greater than its Km in D2 oxidation. The difference in Km cannot be accounted for by differences in kcat. We propose that redox environment regulates hydrogenase's affinity for D2 (and likely H2 as well).
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Affiliation(s)
- H McTavish
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-2902, USA
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21
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Colbeau A, Kovacs KL, Chabert J, Vignais PM. Cloning and sequence of the structural (hupSLC) and accessory (hupDHI) genes for hydrogenase biosynthesis in Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Gene X 1994; 140:25-31. [PMID: 8125335 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The first molecular biology study on the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina is reported, namely, the construction of cosmid libraries and isolation of a hydrogenase gene cluster by hybridization with hydrogenase structural genes from the purple non-sulfur bacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus. The sequenced gene cluster contains six open reading frames, the products of which show significant degrees of identity (from 40 to 78%) with hydrogenase gene products necessary for biosynthesis of the group-I of [NiFe]hydrogenases. The structural hupSLC genes encode the small and large hydrogenase subunits and a hydrophobic protein shown to accept electrons from hydrogenase in R. capsulatus. They are followed downstream by three genes, hupDHI, which are similar to hydrogenase accessory genes found in other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colbeau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Microbienne, DBMS (CNRS URA 1130 alliée à l'INSERM), Centre d'Etudes Nucléires, Grenoble, France
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22
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Localization of hydrogenase in the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Arch Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00288709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Physiology and Advances in Hydrogen Production Technology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Kovács KL, Tigyi G, Thanh LT, Lakatos S, Kiss Z, Bagyinka C. Structural rearrangements in active and inactive forms of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Kovács KL, Bagyinka C. Structural properties, functional states and physiological roles of hydrogenase in photosynthetic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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26
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Adams MW. The metabolism of hydrogen by extremely thermophilic, sulfur-dependent bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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27
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Shah NN, Clark DS. Partial Purification and Characterization of Two Hydrogenases from the Extreme Thermophile
Methanococcus jannaschii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:858-63. [PMID: 16348172 PMCID: PMC184312 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.4.858-863.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
F
420
-nonreactive and F
420
-reactive hydrogenases have been partially purified from
Methanococcus jannaschii
, an extremely thermophilic methanogen isolated from a submarine hydrothermal vent. The molecular weights of both hydrogenases were determined by native gradient electrophoresis in 5 to 27% polyacrylamide gels. The F
420
-nonreactive hydrogenase produced one major band (475 kilodaltons), whereas the F
420
-reactive hydrogenase produced two major bands (990 and 115 kilodaltons). The F
420
-nonreactive hydrogenase consisted of two subunits (43 and 31 kilodaltons), and the F
420
-reactive hydrogenase contained three subunits (48, 32, and 25 kilodaltons). Each hydrogenase was active at very high temperatures. Methyl viologen-reducing activity of the F
420
-nonreactive hydrogenase was maximal at 80°C but was still detectable at 103°C. The maximum activities of F
420
-reactive hydrogenase for F
420
and methyl viologen were measured at 80 and 90°C, respectively. Low but measureable activity toward methyl viologen was repeatedly observed at 103°C. Moreover, the half-life of the F
420
-nonreactive hydrogenase at 70°C was over 9 h, and that of the F
420
-reactive enzyme was over 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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28
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Bagyinka C, Szokefalvi-Nagy Z, Demeter I, Kovacs KL. Metal composition analysis of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 162:422-6. [PMID: 2665744 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy is suitable to identify and to determine the relative amounts of protein bound metals in situ. An analysis of the hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina has shown the feasibility of the technique and provides new insight into the relative amount as well as the intramolecular location of Fe and Ni metal atoms in this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bagyinka
- Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged
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29
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Bryant FO, Adams MW. Characterization of Hydrogenase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Proteolytic resistance and its utilization in purification of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Schindler F, Winter J. Purification and properties of a soluble, thermophilic hydrogenase of Acetomicrobium flavidum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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van Berkel-Arts A, Dekker M, van Dijk C, Grande HJ, Hagen WR, Hilhorst R, Krüse-Wolters M, Laane C, Veeger C. Application of hydrogenase in biotechnological conversions. Biochimie 1986; 68:201-9. [PMID: 3015246 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)81084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence will be presented in this review article that the application of hydrogenase has large biotechnological possibilities. Our investigations show: Fast reaction of hydrogenase at an electrode surface to reduce H+; Photochemical production of H2 by hydrogenase by photosensitized Ru-complexes dissolved in reversed micellar membranes and vectorial H+ transport through the membrane to the water phase; The production of fine chemicals in reversed micelles by a system containing specific enzymes, hydrogenase and H2. The rules to obtain maximal conversion rates with this system will be presented.
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33
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Abstract
In the unicellular Anacystis nidulans, the expression of both the H2-uptake (with phenazine methosulfate or methylene blue as the electron acceptor) and H2-evolution (with methyl viologen reduced by Na2S2O4) was dependent on Ni in the culture medium. In extracts from Anacystis and Anabaena 7119, H2-evolution and uptake activities were strongly inhibited by Cu2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate and HgCl2 suggesting that at least one functional SH-group is involved in catalysis by hydrogenase. Extracts from the N2-fixing Anabaena 7119 contained two different hydrogenase fractions which could be separated by chromatography on DE-52 cellulose using a linear NaCl concentration gradient. The fraction eluting with 0.13 M NaCl from the column catalyzed only the uptake of H2 with methylene blue as the electron acceptor but virtually not the evolution of H2 ("uptake" hydrogenase fraction). The fraction eluting at a NaCl strength of 0.195 M catalyzed both H2-uptake with methylene blue and H2-evolution with reduced methyl viologen ("reversible" hydrogenase fraction). Growth under anaerobic conditions drastically enhanced the activity levels of the "reversible" but not of the "uptake" hydrogenase fraction. The "uptake" hydrogenase but not the "reversible" protein was activated by reduced thioredoxin. It is suggested that thioredoxin activates the H2-uptake by the membrane-bound "uptake" hydrogenase also in intact cells. The occurrence of the number of hydrogenases in cyanobacteria will be reevaluated.
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34
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Tigyi G, Bagyinka C, Kovács KL. Protein structural changes associated with active and inactive states of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Biochimie 1986; 68:69-74. [PMID: 3089316 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)81070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic and isoelectrofocusing behavior of the hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina under various conditions revealed remarkable properties of this enzyme: there are two active forms which differ in their molecular masses as well as in oxygen sensitivity; the apparent molecular masses of the active hydrogenase forms (90 and 49 kDa) differ considerably from those in the inactive state (64, 34, and 15 kDa); the active forms and some of the inactivated ones can be transformed into each other reversibly; urea can unfold the 64 and 34 kDa proteins but not the 49 kDa form at room temperature; the pI of these proteins are different in the presence of urea. The results suggest large rearrangements in the hydrogenase protein structure which are associated with the enzymatically active and inactive states. It is concluded that reversible formation of disulfide bonds cannot be the major cause for maintaining the enzyme conformation. Strong hydrophobic interactions are suggested to be primarily responsible for the structural stability and for the rearrangements.
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35
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Kovács KL, Tigyi G, Alfonz H. Purification of hydrogenase by fast protein liquid chromatography and by conventional separation techniques: a comparative study. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 15:321-34. [PMID: 3914642 DOI: 10.1080/00327488508062449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenase was purified from the photosynthetic bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina to homogeneity by various methods. Conventional techniques included separation of the crude protein extract on Phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B, DEAE-cellulose DE52, and chromatofocusing columns or on preparative polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. The same protein was isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) in two steps. Comparison of the two different approaches clearly show the superiority of the FPLC method both in enzyme recovery yield and in time requirement.
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36
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Dér A, Bagyinka C, Páli T, Kovács KL. Effect of enzyme concentration on apparent specific activity of hydrogenase. Anal Biochem 1985; 150:481-6. [PMID: 3911822 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of enzyme concentration on the H2-uptake and H2-evolving activities of the reversible hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina was examined. In the activity range assayed by a spectrophotometric technique the apparent H2-uptake specific activity varied greatly with hydrogenase concentration. Study of H2-evolving activity measured by the H2 electrode method and compared with a gas chromatographic assay also indicated that specific activity was highly dependent on enzyme concentration. The results indicate that the widely applied hydrogenase assays give systematically erroneous specific activity values. These assays should be used only for relative measurements and the hydrogenase concentration in the reaction mixture should be kept constant. To make the data from various laboratories comparable the assay parameters should be standardized.
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37
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Vignais PM, Colbeau A, Willison JC, Jouanneau Y. Hydrogenase, nitrogenase, and hydrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria. Adv Microb Physiol 1985; 26:155-234. [PMID: 3913292 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Tigyi GJ, Kovács KL. Monoclonal antibodies to the hydrogenase ofThiocapsa roseopersicina. Curr Microbiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01567701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Serra JL, Llama MJ, Hall DO. Comparison of the properties of two hydrogenases from the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium vinosum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 234:73-81. [PMID: 6385861 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromatium vinosum hydrogenases I and II were purified to specific activities of 9.6 and 28.0 units/mg protein, respectively. They have the same isoelectric point (pI = 4.1), and their visible spectra are typical of iron-sulfur proteins. Hydrogenase II in general was more stable than hydrogenase I. Both enzymes lost their activities slowly during storage in air, and this inactivation was more apparent in preparations of hydrogenase I. Bovine serum albumin helped to stabilize hydrogenase I against thermal and storage inactivation. The pH optima of H2-evolution activity of hydrogenases I and II were 7.4 and 5.4, respectively. Neither enzyme was able to evolve H2 from reduced ferredoxins as the sole electron carrier, but ferredoxins had an effect on the activity with methyl viologen as carrier to hydrogenase I. None of the natural compounds tested was able to serve as a physiological donor for H2 production. Hydrogenase I was more susceptible than hydrogenase II to inhibition by heavy metal ions and other enzyme inhibitors. Both enzymes were reversibly inhibited by CO with Ki values of 12 and 6 Torr for hydrogenase I and II, respectively. Hydrogenase I was more sensitive to denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride while hydrogenase II was more susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both enzymes were rapidly and irreversibly inactivated by dimethyl sulfoxide. Hydrogenase I evolved H2 from methyl viologen and ferredoxin photoreduced by chloroplasts. The enzymes differed in their iron and acid-labile sulfur contents.
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40
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Abstract
The effects of sample geometry and enzyme concentration on the H2-evolving activity of hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina was measured. The specific activity increased linearly with increasing interface area between the liquid and the gas phase. Enzyme concentration was varied over four orders of magnitude and within this range the apparent specific activity depended on hydrogenase concentration. The experimental findings have been interpreted by a mathematical model involving competing H2 consumption reactions. The observed phenomena interfere with the widely used hydrogenase assay so that most of the previously published specific activity values are underestimated and should be corrected. The systematic error due to these hitherto unspecified parameters can easily exceed 10 000%; therefore, a thorough standardization of the assay procedure is necessary in order to make the data from various laboratories comparable.
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41
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Adams MW, Mortenson LE. The physical and catalytic properties of hydrogenase II of Clostridium pasteurianum. A comparison with hydrogenase I. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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42
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Colbeau A, Chabert J, Vignais P. Purification, molecular properties and localization in the membrane of the hydrogenase of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Willison JC, Jouanneau Y, Colbeau A, Vignais PM. H2 metabolism in photosynthetic bacteria and relationship to N2 fixation. ANNALES DE MICROBIOLOGIE 1983; 134B:115-35. [PMID: 6139053 DOI: 10.1016/s0769-2609(83)80100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic bacteria can evolve H2 in the light through a nitrogenase-mediated reaction. The nitrogenase enzyme in the photosynthetic bacteria is similar to other nitrogenases. It is made of two soluble components: a) the Fe protein (dinitrogenase reductase or Component II) which receives electrons from ferredoxin, and b) the Mo-Fe protein (dinitrogenase or Component I) on which the substrates (including protons) are reduced. In photosynthetic bacteria, the physiological regulation of nitrogenase activity involves inactivation by covalent modification of the nitrogenase Fe protein. This inactivation can be reversed by an activating factor (or activating enzyme) which is an extrinsic membrane protein. After an ammonia shock, both the Fe protein of nitrogenase, and the glutamine synthetase, become adenylylated in vivo. In the adenylylation state, glutamine synthetase has AMP moieties bound to the protein by phosphate linkage. In toluene-treated cells of Rhodopseudomas capsulata preincubated with radioactive ATP, labelled either by 14C on the adenine or by 32P on the P alpha of ATP and then submitted to an ammonia shock, the Fe protein becomes covalently labelled only with [14C]ATP ad not with [32P]alpha ATP, while glutamine synthetase becomes labelled with both radioactive ATP molecules. This indicates that a different type of linkage is involved in the binding of the modifying group to Fe protein and to glutamine synthetase. Like other N2 fixers, the photosynthetic bacteria also contain a hydrogenase. In R. capsulata, the hydrogenase is an intrinsic membrane protein which protrudes in the cytoplasmic space and is not accessible to anti-hydrogenase antibodies from the periplasmic side. The hydrogenase can transfer electrons from H2 to the electron transport chain. It functions physiologically as an uptake-hydrogenase and may contribute to the recycling of electrons to nitrogenase. In the presence of excess carbon compounds, its main role may be to maintain an anaerobic microenvironment for the nitrogenase. Ferredoxin has been isolated from photosynthetic bacteria. Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata each contain two different soluble ferredoxin molecules. Reduced Fd I from R. capsulata has been shown to donate its electrons to nitrogenase.
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44
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Pinkwart M, Schneider K, Schlegel HG. Purification and properties of the membrane-bound hydrogenase from N2-fixing Alcaligenes latus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 745:267-78. [PMID: 6305422 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing, aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes latus forms hydrogenase when growing lithoautotrophically with hydrogen as electron donor and carbon dioxide as sole carbon source or when growing heterotrophically with N2 as sole nitrogen source. The hydrogenase is membrane-bound and relatively oxygen-sensitive. The enzymes formed under both conditions are identical on the basis of the following criteria: molecular mass, mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Km value for hydrogen (methylene blue reduction), stability properties, localization, and cross-reactivity to antibodies raised against the 'autotrophic' hydrogenase. The hydrogenase was solubilized by Triton X-100 and deoxycholate treatment and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose C1-4B, DEAE-Sephacel and Matrix Gel Red A under hydrogen to homogeneity to a specific activity of 113 mumol H2 oxidized/min per mg protein (methylene blue reduction). SDS gel electrophoresis revealed two nonidentical subunits of molecular weights of 67 000 and 34 000, corresponding to a total molecular weight of 101 000. The pure enzyme was able to reduce FAD, FMN, riboflavin, flavodoxin isolated from Megasphaera elsdenii, menadione and horse heart cytochrome c as well as various artificial electron acceptors. The reversibility of the hydrogenase function was demonstrated by H2 evolution from reduced methyl viologen.
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45
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Bagyinka C, Kovács KL, Rak E. Localization of hydrogenase in Thiocapsa roseopersicina photosynthetic membrane. Biochem J 1982; 202:255-8. [PMID: 7082311 PMCID: PMC1158099 DOI: 10.1042/bj2020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic cell membrane is impermeable to the oxidized redox dyes Methyl Viologen and Benzyl Viologen, whereas the reduced forms easily penetrate into the cells. By exploiting this permeability difference, the orientation of the membrane-bound hydrogenase has been determined.
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46
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47
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48
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LAMBERT GRANTR, SMITH GEOFFREYD. THE HYDROGEN METABOLISM OF CYANOBACTERIA (BLUE-GREEN ALGAE). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1981.tb00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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van Dijk C, Veeger C. The effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity of the hydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 114:209-19. [PMID: 7011807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature on the ionization constant (pK') and apparent midpoint potential (EB) of the unprotonated species of Megasphaera elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone shows that, above 15 degrees C, delta pK' . K-1 = -9.7 X 10(-3) and delta EB . K-1 = -0.6 mV. The effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity with fixed concentrations of methyl viologen semiquinone (0.3 mM; artificial donor) and M. elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone (50 microM; natural donor) show that with decreasing pH the activity increases. Irrespective of the pH and electron donor, at increasing redox potential, a redox-potential-independent production activity is followed by a redox-potential-dependent production activity. This redox-potential-dependent behaviour of the hydrogen production activity represents an n = 2-type of redox titration curve with an 'apparent midpoint potential' which corresponds with the potential of the hydrogen electrode at that pH. The effect of pH on the manometrically determined hydrogen production activity (direct) is in good agreement with that determined spectrophotometrically (indirect; see preceding paper), with both electron donors tested. In contrast to predictions from the models for hydrogenase activity [van Dijk et al. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem.102, 317--330], a double-reciprocal plot of the kinetic data for M. elsdenii flavodoxin hydroquinone at pH 5.5 is non-linear. A slightly adapted kinetic model based on a similar mathematical formulation of its rate equation, to explain the effects of redox potential, proton and electron (donor) concentration on the hydrogenase activity is proposed. This model also explains, on a theoretical basis, the effects of pH and redox potential on the hydrogen production activity. The effect of pH on the hydrogen oxidation activity with methyl viologen and benzyl viologen as electron acceptors shows for both dyes an optimum at pH 9.7. The ratio of the activities with both viologens is constant over the ph range tested.
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