1
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Lautz LS, Dorne JLCM, Punt A. Application of partition coefficient methods to predict tissue:plasma affinities in common farm animals: Influence of ionisation state. Toxicol Lett 2024; 398:140-149. [PMID: 38925423 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tissue affinities are conventionally determined from in vivo steady-state tissue and plasma or plasma-water chemical concentration data. In silico approaches were initially developed for preclinical species but standardly applied and tested in human physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models. Recently, generic PBK models for farm animals have been made available and require partition coefficients as input parameters. In the current investigation, data for species-specific tissue compositions have been collected, and prediction of chemical distribution in various tissues of livestock species for cattle, chicken, sheep and swine have been performed. Overall, tissue composition was very similar across the four farm animal species. However, small differences were observed in moisture, fat and protein content in the various organs within each species. Such differences could be attributed to factors such as variations in age, breed, and weight of the animals and general conditions of the animal itself. With regards to the predictions of tissue:plasma partition coefficients, 80 %, 71 %, 77 % of the model predictions were within a factor 10 using the methods of Berezhkovskiy (2004), Rodgers and Rowland (2006) and Schmitt (2008). The method of Berezhkovskiy (2004) was often providing the most reliable predictions except for swine, where the method of Schmitt (2008) performed best. In addition, investigation of the impact of chemical classes on prediction performance, all methods had very similar reliability. Notwithstanding, no clear pattern regarding specific chemicals or tissues could be detected for the values predicted outside a 10-fold change in certain chemicals or specific tissues. This manuscript concludes with the need for future research, particularly focusing on lipophilicity and species differences in protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lautz
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, WB 6708, the Netherlands.
| | - J-L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - A Punt
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, WB 6708, the Netherlands
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2
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Dziura D, Dziura M, Marquardt D. Studying lipid flip-flop in asymmetric liposomes using 1H NMR and TR-SANS. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:295-328. [PMID: 38971604 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The specific spatial and temporal distribution of lipids in membranes play a crucial role in determining the biochemical and biophysical properties of the system. In nature, the asymmetric distribution of lipids is a dynamic process with ATP-dependent lipid transporters maintaining asymmetry, and passive transbilayer diffusion, that is, flip-flop, counteracting it. In this chapter, two probe-free techniques, 1H NMR and time-resolved small angle neutron scattering, are described in detail as methods of investigating lipid flip-flop rates in synthetic liposomes that have been generated with an asymmetric bilayer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dziura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Maksymilian Dziura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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3
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Temüz M, Çankaya N, Korcan SE, Yalçin Azarkan S, Kahraman T. First In Vitro- In Silico Analysis for the Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of 2-(4-Methoxyphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl Methacrylate and p-Acetamide. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7910-7922. [PMID: 38405536 PMCID: PMC10882695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of 2-chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (p-acetamide) and 2-(4-methoxyphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (MPAEMA) were investigated by in vitro experiments and in silico analyses. MPAEMA has an antibacterial effect only against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. It was determined that this did not affect any other bacteria and Candida glabrata yeast. On the other hand, p-acetamide showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, Bacillus subtilis NRRL 744, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 551289, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NRLLB4420, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 1911. p-Acetamide showed the greatest antifungal effect by inhibiting the colony growth of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (98%). This was followed by Mucor plumbeus with 83% and Fusarium solani with 21%. MPAEMA inhibited colony growth of T. longibrachiatum by 95% and that of M. plumbeus by 91%. Also, p-acetamide and MPAEMA had a scavenging effect on free radicals. According to results of the in silico analysis, the antimicrobial effect of these compounds is due to their effect on DNA ligase. Based on drug-likeness analysis, they were found to be consistent with the Lipinski, Veber, or Ghose rule. p-Acetamide and MPAEMA may be used as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet
Mürşit Temüz
- Department
of Chemistry, Firat University, Faculty
of Science, Elazığ 23119, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çankaya
- Vocational
School of Health Services, Usak University, Usak 64200, Turkey
| | - Safiye Elif Korcan
- Vocational
School of Health Services, Usak University, Usak 64200, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalçin Azarkan
- Department
of Medical Pharmacology, Kırsehir
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kahraman
- Department
of Biology, Ege University, Faculty of Sciences, İzmir 35100, Turkey
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4
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Yamaguchi T, Hirakawa R, Ochiai H. Correlation between sphingomyelin and the membrane stability of mammalian erythrocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 265:110833. [PMID: 36738823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid compositions of mammalian erythrocyte membranes are different among species. Therefore, the information on hemolysis from mammalian erythrocytes is useful to understand membrane properties of human erythrocytes. In this work, pressure-induced hemolysis and hypotonic one were examined using erythrocytes of human, sheep, cow, cat, dog, pig, horse, rat, and mouse. Pressure-induced hemolysis was suppressed by membrane sphingomyelin, whereas hypotonic hemolysis decreased upon increment of cell diameter. Mass spectra of erythrocyte membrane lipids demonstrated that sphingomyelin with an acyl chain 24:1 was associated with the suppression of pressure-induced hemolysis. In cow erythrocytes, pressure-induced hemolysis was greatly suppressed and the detachment of cytoskeletal proteins from the membrane under hypotonic conditions was also inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that sphingomyelin with 24:1 fatty acid plays an important role in the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, perhaps via cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Ruka Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ochiai
- Research Institute of Bioscience, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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5
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Limwongyut J, Moreland AS, Nie C, Read de Alaniz J, Bazan GC. Amide Moieties Modulate the Antimicrobial Activities of Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes against Gram-negative Bacteria. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100260. [PMID: 35133087 PMCID: PMC8822875 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are a class of compounds that can be tailored to achieve relevant in vitro antimicrobial properties with relatively low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Three distyrylbenzene‐based COEs were designed containing amide functional groups on the side chains. Their properties were compared to two representative COEs with only quaternary ammonium groups. The optimal compound, COE2−3C−C3‐Apropyl, has an antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli with an MIC=2 μg mL−1, even in the presence of human serum albumin low cytotoxicity (IC50=740 μg mL−1) and minimal hemolytic activity. Moreover, we find that amide groups increase interactions between COEs and a bacterial lipid mimic based on calcein leakage assay and allow COEs to readily permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli. These findings suggest that hydrogen bond forming moieties can be further applied in the molecular design of antimicrobial COEs to further improve their selectivity towards bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkarin Limwongyut
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alex S Moreland
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Chenyao Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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6
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Magneto-Erythrocyte Membrane Vesicles’ Superior T2 MRI Contrast Agents to Magneto-Liposomes. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite their high potential, most of the clinically approved iron oxide (IO)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been withdrawn from the market either due to safety issues or lack of sales. To address this challenge, erythrocyte membranes have been used to prepare IO-based T2 contrast agents with superior MRI properties and higher safety margin. A simple formulation procedure has been proposed, and the nanostructures’ morphology and physicochemical properties have been evaluated. We compared their performance in terms of contrast ability in MRI to the more clinically established magneto-liposomes and non-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). The encapsulation of 5-nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) in the liposomes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles (EMVs) led to a significant improvement in their r2 relaxivity. r2 values increased to r2 = 188 ± 2 mM−1s−1 for magneto-liposomes and r2 = 269 ± 3 mM−1s−1 for magneto-erythrocyte membranes, compared to “free” IO NPs with (r2 = 12 ± 1 mM−1 s−1), measured at a 9.4 T MRI scanner. The superiority of magneto-erythrocyte membranes in terms of MRI contrast efficacy is clearly shown on T2-weighted MR images. Our study revealed the hemocompatibility of the developed contrast agents in the MRI-relevant concentration range.
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7
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Kho KW, Berselli GB, Keyes TE. A Nanoplasmonic Assay of Oligonucleotide-Cargo Delivery from Cationic Lipoplexes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005815. [PMID: 33634594 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A powerful new biophysical model is reported to assay nanocarrier lipid membrane permeability. The approach employs a nanophotonic biophysical membrane model as an assay to study oligonucleotide escape from delivery vector following fusion with endosomal membrane that relies on plasmonic hotspots within the receptor well, below the membrane to follow cargo arrival. Through the combined use of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS), the model enables identification of a lipoplex-mediated endosomal-escape mechanism facilitated by DOTAP-oligonucleotide interaction that dictates the rate of oligonucleotide release. This work reveals a hitherto unreported release mechanism as a complex multistep interplay between the oligonucleotide cargo and the target membrane, rather than a process based solely on lipid mixing at the fusing site as previously proposed. This substantiates the observations that lipid mixing is not necessarily followed by cargo release. The approach presents a new paradigm for assessment of vector delivery at model membranes that promises to have wide application within the drug delivery design application space. Overall, this plasmonic membrane model offers a potential solution to address persistent challenges in engineering the release mechanism of large therapeutic molecules from their nanocarrier, which is a major bottleneck in intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiang W Kho
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasvenin, Dublin, D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Guilherme B Berselli
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasvenin, Dublin, D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasvenin, Dublin, D09 W6Y4, Ireland
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8
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Palacios-Ortega J, Rivera-de-Torre E, Gavilanes JG, Slotte JP, Martínez-Del-Pozo Á, García-Linares S. Biophysical approaches to study actinoporin-lipid interactions. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:307-339. [PMID: 33712191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-lipid interactions are crucial events from a biochemical point of view, like the interaction of proteins with the cell plasma membrane, and their study is of great importance. Actinoporins are a very powerful tool to study this kind of interactions, since they are soluble proteins in an aqueous environment, capable of inserting into membranes when they have the adequate composition. In fact, actinoporins have been used to study protein-lipid interactions for many years now. Sometimes it is not possible to use real biological membranes in the experiments, so model membranes need to be used. This article aims to give a thorough description of many of the techniques used to study actinoporin-lipid interactions, using both biological and model membranes: Hemolysis, release of vesicles content, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence-based measurements, etc. Some of these techniques measure the actinoporins activity and some measure their binding properties. The combination of all the techniques described can offer valuable information about the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the actinoporin-lipid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José G Gavilanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sara García-Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Unique inducible filamentous motility identified in pathogenic Bacillus cereus group species. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2997-3010. [PMID: 32770116 PMCID: PMC7784679 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Active migration across semi-solid surfaces is important for bacterial success by facilitating colonization of unoccupied niches and is often associated with altered virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. We isolated an atmospheric contaminant, subsequently identified as a new strain of Bacillus mobilis, which showed a unique, robust, rapid, and inducible filamentous surface motility. This flagella-independent migration was characterized by formation of elongated cells at the expanding edge and was induced when cells were inoculated onto lawns of metabolically inactive Campylobacter jejuni cells, autoclaved bacterial biomass, adsorbed milk, and adsorbed blood atop hard agar plates. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), bacterial membrane components, and sterile human fecal extracts were also sufficient to induce filamentous expansion. Screening of eight other Bacillus spp. showed that filamentous motility was conserved amongst B. cereus group species to varying degrees. RNA-Seq of elongated expanding cells collected from adsorbed milk and PC lawns versus control rod-shaped cells revealed dysregulation of genes involved in metabolism and membrane transport, sporulation, quorum sensing, antibiotic synthesis, and virulence (e.g., hblA/B/C/D and plcR). These findings characterize the robustness and ecological significance of filamentous surface motility in B. cereus group species and lay the foundation for understanding the biological role it may play during environment and host colonization.
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10
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Correlation between hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and systemic in vivo toxicity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13206. [PMID: 32764602 PMCID: PMC7414031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-standard toxicity models is a hurdle in the early development of antimicrobial peptides towards clinical applications. Herein we report an extensive in vitro and in vivo toxicity study of a library of 24 peptide-based antimicrobials with narrow spectrum activity towards veterinary pathogens. The haemolytic activity of the compounds was evaluated against four different species and the relative sensitivity against the compounds was highest for canine erythrocytes, intermediate for rat and human cells and lowest for bovine cells. Selected peptides were additionally evaluated against HeLa, HaCaT and HepG2 cells which showed increased stability towards the peptides. Therapeutic indexes of 50–500 suggest significant cellular selectivity in comparison to bacterial cells. Three peptides were administered to rats in intravenous acute dose toxicity studies up to 2–8 × MIC. None of the injected compounds induced any systemic toxic effects in vivo at the concentrations employed illustrating that the correlation between the different assays is not obvious. This work sheds light on the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of this class of promising compounds and provides insights into the relationship between the different toxicity models often employed in different manners to evaluate the toxicity of novel bioactive compounds in general.
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11
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Mogrovejo DC, Perini L, Gostinčar C, Sepčić K, Turk M, Ambrožič-Avguštin J, Brill FHH, Gunde-Cimerman N. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Hemolytic Phenotypes in Culturable Arctic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:570. [PMID: 32318045 PMCID: PMC7147505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Arctic biomes, which are populated with abundant and diverse microbial life, are under threat: climate change and warming temperatures have raised concerns about diversity loss and possible emergence of pathogenic microorganisms. At present, there is little information on the occurrence of Arctic virulence-associated phenotypes. In this study we worked with 118 strains of bacteria (from 10 sampling sites in the Arctic region, located in Greenland and the Svalbard Archipelago) isolated using R2A medium. These strains belong to 4 phyla and represent 36 different bacterial genera. Phenotypic resistance to 8 clinically important antimicrobials (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, imipenem, kanamycin, and tetracycline) and thermotolerance range were determined. In addition, a screening of all isolates on blood agar media and erythrocytes suspension of bovine and sheep erythrocytes for virulence-linked hemolytic activity was performed. Although antimicrobial resistance profiles varied among the isolates, they were consistent within bacterial families and genera. Interestingly, a high number of isolates (83/104) were resistant to the tested concentration of imipenem (4 mg/L). In addition, one third of the isolates showed hemolytic activity on blood agar, however, in only 5% of the isolates hemolytic activity was also observed in the cell extracts when added to erythrocyte suspensions for 60 min. The observed microbial phenotypes contribute to our understanding of the presence of virulence-associated factors in the Arctic environments, while highlighting the potential risks associated with changes in the polar areas in the light of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Mogrovejo
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Perini
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Florian H. H. Brill
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Zabelinskii SA, Chebotareva MA, Shukolyukova EP, Nikitina ER, Krivchenko AI. Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Rats Exposed to Stress (Prolonged Swimming). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093019010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Ramírez-Carreto S, Pérez-García EI, Salazar-García SI, Bernáldez-Sarabia J, Licea-Navarro A, Rudiño-Piñera E, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G, Rodríguez-Almazán C. Identification of a pore-forming protein from sea anemone Anthopleura dowii Verrill (1869) venom by mass spectrometry. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e147418. [PMID: 31131002 PMCID: PMC6483413 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1474-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pore-forming proteins (PFP) are a class of toxins abundant in the venom of
sea anemones. Owing to their ability to recognize and permeabilize cell
membranes, pore-forming proteins have medical potential in cancer therapy or
as biosensors. In the present study, we showed the partial purification and
sequencing of a pore-forming protein from Anthopleura dowii
Verrill (1869). 17. Methods: Cytolytic activity of A. dowii Verrill (1869) venom was
determined via hemolysis assay in the erythrocytes of four mammals (sheep,
goat, human and rabbit). The cytotoxic activity was analyzed in the human
adherent lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) by the cytosolic lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and trypan blue staining. The venom was
fractionated via ammonium sulfate precipitation gradient, dialysis, and ion
exchange chromatography. The presence of a pore-forming protein in purified
fractions was evaluated through hemolytic and cytotoxic assays, and the
activity fraction was analyzed using the percent of osmotic protections
after polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment and mass spectrometry. 18. Results: The amount of protein at which the venom produced 50% hemolysis
(HU50) was determined in hemolysis assays using erythrocytes
from sheep (HU50 = 10.7 ± 0.2 μg), goat (HU50 = 13.2 ±
0.3 μg), rabbit (HU50 = 34.7 ± 0.5 μg), and human
(HU50 = 25.6 ± 0.6 μg). The venom presented a cytotoxic
effect in A549 cells and the protein amount present in the venom responsible
for producing 50% death (IC50) was determined using a trypan blue
cytotoxicity assay (1.84 ± 0.40 μg/mL). The loss of membrane integrity in
the A549 cells caused by the venom was detected by the release of LDH in
proportion to the amount of protein. The venom was fractionated; and the
fraction with hemolytic and cytotoxic activities was analyzed by mass
spectrometry. A pore-forming protein was identified. The cytotoxicity in the
A549 cells produced by the fraction containing the pore-forming protein was
osmotically protected by PEG-3350 Da molecular mass, which corroborated that
the loss of integrity in the plasma membrane was produced via pore
formation. 19. Conclusion: A. dowii Verrill (1869) venom
contains a pore-forming protein suitable for designing new drugs for cancer
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Ramírez-Carreto
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Erick I Pérez-García
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Sandra I Salazar-García
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Johanna Bernáldez-Sarabia
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Baja California, México
| | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Baja California, México
| | - Enrique Rudiño-Piñera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-Almazán
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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14
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Taylor J, Bebawy M. Proteins Regulating Microvesicle Biogenesis and Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800165. [PMID: 30520565 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MV) are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication. While MVs are important signaling vectors for many physiological processes, they are also implicated in cancer pathology and progression. Cellular activation is perhaps the most widely reported initiator of MV biogenesis, however, the precise mechanism remains undefined. Uncovering the proteins involved in regulating MV biogenesis is of interest given their role in the dissemination of deleterious cancer traits. MVs shed from drug-resistant cancer cells transfer multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins to drug-sensitive cells and confer the MDR phenotype in a matter of hours. MDR is attributed to the overexpression of ABC transporters, primarily P-glycoprotein and MRP1. Their expression and functionality is dependent on a number of proteins. In particular, FERM domain proteins have been implicated in supporting the functionality of efflux transporters in drug-resistant cells and in recipient cells during intercellular transfer by vesicles. Herein, the most recent research on the proteins involved in MV biogenesis and in the dissemination of MV-mediated MDR are discussed. Attention is drawn to unanswered questions in the literature that may prove to be of benefit in ongoing efforts to improve clinical response to chemotherapy and circumventing MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Taylor
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Steck TL, Lange Y. Transverse distribution of plasma membrane bilayer cholesterol: Picking sides. Traffic 2018; 19:750-760. [PMID: 29896788 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transverse asymmetry (sidedness) of phospholipids in plasma membrane bilayers is well characterized, distinctive, actively maintained and functionally important. In contrast, numerous studies using a variety of techniques have concluded that plasma membrane bilayer cholesterol is either mostly in the outer leaflet or the inner leaflet or is fairly evenly distributed. Sterols might simply partition according to their differing affinities for the asymmetrically disposed phospholipids, but some studies have proposed that it is actively transported to the outer leaflet. Other work suggests that the sterol is enriched in the inner leaflet, driven by either positive interactions with the phosphatidylethanolamine on that side or by its exclusion from the outer leaflet by the long chain sphingomyelin molecules therein. This uncertainty raises three questions: is plasma membrane cholesterol sidedness fixed in a given cell or cell type; is it generally the same among mammalian species; and does it serve specific physiological functions? This review grapples with these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yvonne Lange
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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The Constraints, Construction, and Verification of a Strain-Specific Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Rat Model. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2826-2838. [PMID: 28495566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) techniques, mechanistically incorporated within physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, can harness in vitro drug data and enhance understanding of in vivo pharmacokinetics. This study's objective was to develop a user-friendly rat (250 g, male Sprague-Dawley) IVIVE-linked PBPK model. A 13-compartment PBPK model including mechanistic absorption models was developed, with required system data (anatomical, physiological, and relevant IVIVE scaling factors) collated from literature and analyzed. Overall, 178 system parameter values for the model are provided. This study also highlights gaps in available system data required for strain-specific rat PBPK model development. The model's functionality and performance were assessed using previous literature-sourced in vitro properties for diazepam, metoprolol, and midazolam. The results of simulations were compared against observed pharmacokinetic rat data. Predicted and observed concentration profiles in 10 tissues for diazepam after a single intravenous (i.v.) dose making use of either observed i.v. clearance (CLiv) or in vitro hepatocyte intrinsic clearance (CLint) for simulations generally led to good predictions in various tissue compartments. Overall, all i.v. plasma concentration profiles were successfully predicted. However, there were challenges in predicting oral plasma concentration profiles for metoprolol and midazolam, and the potential reasons and according solutions are discussed.
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17
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Higaki Y, Fröhlich B, Yamamoto A, Murakami R, Kaneko M, Takahara A, Tanaka M. Ion-Specific Modulation of Interfacial Interaction Potentials between Solid Substrates and Cell-Sized Particles Mediated via Zwitterionic, Super-Hydrophilic Poly(sulfobetaine) Brushes. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1396-1404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Physical
Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Murakami
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneko
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical
Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Zabelinskii SA, Chebotareva MA, Shukolyukova EP, Krivchenko AI. Phospholipids, fatty acids and hemoglobin in rat erythrocytes under stress conditions (swimming at low temperature). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhai G. The effect of incubation conditions on the hemolytic properties of unmodified graphene oxide with various concentrations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemolytic properties of graphene oxide (GO) were evaluated from the novel view of the incubation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
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20
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Calzada E, Onguka O, Claypool SM. Phosphatidylethanolamine Metabolism in Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 321:29-88. [PMID: 26811286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant glycerophospholipid in eukaryotic cells. The existence of four only partially redundant biochemical pathways that produce PE, highlights the importance of this essential phospholipid. The CDP-ethanolamine and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pathways occur in different subcellular compartments and are the main sources of PE in cells. Mammalian development fails upon ablation of either pathway. Once made, PE has diverse cellular functions that include serving as a precursor for phosphatidylcholine and a substrate for important posttranslational modifications, influencing membrane topology, and promoting cell and organelle membrane fusion, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. The importance of PE metabolism in mammalian health has recently emerged following its association with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, nonalcoholic liver disease, and the virulence of certain pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Calzada
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ouma Onguka
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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22
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Intravascular hemolysis induced by the venom of the Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius, in a mouse model: Identification of directly hemolytic phospholipases A2. Toxicon 2014; 90:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Shi G, Mukthavaram R, Kesari S, Simberg D. Distearoyl anchor-painted erythrocytes with prolonged ligand retention and circulation properties in vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:142-8. [PMID: 23798381 PMCID: PMC3956753 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) attract significant interest as carriers of biomolecules, drugs, and nanoparticles. In this regard, versatile technologies to attach molecules and ligands to the RBC surface are of great importance. Reported here is a fast and efficient surface painting strategy to attach ligands to the surface of RBCs, and the factors that control the stability and circulation properties of the modified RBCs in vivo. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine anchor-conjugated immunoglobulin (IgG) efficiently incorporates in the RBC membrane following 15-30 min incubation. The optimized RBCs show prolonged circulation in vivo (70% of the injected dose after 48 h) and efficient retention of IgG in the membrane with terminal half-life of 73 h. The IgG construct is gradually lost from the RBCs mainly due to the transfer to plasma components, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The ligand retention efficiency is partially dictated by ligand type, anchor type, and ligand concentration in the membrane, while RBC half-life is determined by initial concentration of the ligand in the membrane and presence of PEG linker between the ligand and the anchor. This work provides important guidance for non-covalent surface painting of RBCs as well as other types of blood borne cells for in vivo therapeutic and targeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Shi
- Solid Tumor Therapeutics Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rajesh Mukthavaram
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Solid Tumor Therapeutics Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr. La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
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24
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Cárdenas-Guerra RE, Arroyo R, Rosa de Andrade I, Benchimol M, Ortega-López J. The iron-induced cysteine proteinase TvCP4 plays a key role in Trichomonas vaginalis haemolysis. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:958-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetic blood solubility predicts pharmacokinetics for inhaled agents and is essential for determination of blood anesthetic concentrations from end-tidal gas concentrations using Henry's Law. Though used to model anesthetic effects in humans, there are limited interspecies solubility comparisons that include modern haloethers. This study aimed to measure hematocrit-adjusted blood:gas anesthetic partition coefficients (λ B:G) for desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane in humans and animals. METHODS Whole blood was collected from 20 rats, 8 horses, and 4 each of cats, cattle, humans, dogs, goats, pigs, rabbits, and sheep. Plasma or cell volume was removed to adjust all samples to a packed cell volume of 40%. A single-agent calibration gas headspace was added to blood in a glass syringe and was mixed and equilibrated at 37°C for 2 h. Agent concentrations in the calibration gas and syringe headspace were measured using gas chromatography. Anesthetic solubility in saline, citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine, and olive oil were similarly measured. RESULTS Except for goats, all animal species had at least one λ B:G measurement that differed significantly from humans. For each agent, λ B:G positively correlated with serum triglyceride concentrations, but this only explained 25% of interspecies variability. Desflurane was significantly less soluble in blood than sevoflurane in some species (e.g., humans) but not in others (e.g., rabbits). CONCLUSIONS Anesthetic partition coefficients differ significantly between humans and most animals for haloether anesthetics. Because of their similar λ B:G values, goats may be a better animal model for inhaled anesthetic pharmacokinetics in people.
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26
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Schwiering M, Brack A, Stork R, Hellmann N. Lipid and phase specificity of α-toxin from S. aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1962-72. [PMID: 23590994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pore forming toxin Hla (α-toxin) from Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic factor of the bacterium S. aureus and also a model system for the process of membrane-induced protein oligomerisation and pore formation. It has been shown that binding to lipid membranes at neutral or basic pH requires the presence of a phosphocholine-headgroup. Thus, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine may serve as interaction partners in cellular membranes. Based on earlier studies it has been suggested that rafts of sphingomyelin are particularly efficient in toxin binding. In this study we compared the oligomerisation of Hla on liposomes of various lipid compositions in order to identify the preferred interaction partners and conditions. Hla seems to have an intrinsic preference for sphingomyelin compared to phosphatidylcholine due to a higher probability of oligomerisation of membrane bound monomer. We also can show that increasing the surface density of Hla-binding sites enhances the oligomerisation efficiency. Thus, preferential binding to lipid rafts can be expected in the cellular context. On the other hand, sphingomyelin in the liquid disordered phase is a more favourable binding partner for Hla than sphingomyelin in the liquid ordered phase, which makes the membrane outside of lipid rafts the more preferred region of interaction. Thus, the partitioning of Hla is expected to strongly depend on the exact composition of raft and non-raft domains in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwiering
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Kuhn-Nentwig L, Sheynis T, Kolusheva S, Nentwig W, Jelinek R. N-terminal aromatic residues closely impact the cytolytic activity of cupiennin 1a, a major spider venom peptide. Toxicon 2013; 75:177-86. [PMID: 23523532 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cupiennins are small cationic α-helical peptides from the venom of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei which are characterized by high bactericidal as well as hemolytic activities. To gain insight into the determinants responsible for the broad cytolytic activities, two analogues of cupiennin 1a with different N-terminal hydrophobicities were designed. The insecticidal, bactericidal and hemolytic activities of these analogues were assayed and compared to the native peptide. Specifically, substitution of two N-terminal Phe residues by Ala results in less pronounced insecticidal and cytolytic activity, whereas a substitution by Lys reduces strongly its bactericidal activity and completely diminishes its hemolytic activity up to very high tested concentrations. Biophysical analyses of peptide/bilayer membrane interactions point to distinct interactions of the analogues with lipid bilayers, and dependence upon membrane surface charge. Indeed, we find that lower hemolytic activity was correlated with less surface association of the analogues. In contrast, our data indicate that the reduced bactericidal activity of the two cupiennin 1a analogues likely correspond to greater bilayer-surface localization of the peptides. Overall, ultimate insertion and destruction of the host cell membrane is highly dependent on the presence of Phe-2 and Phe-6 (Cu 1a) or Leu-6 (Cu 2a) in the N-terminal sequences of native cupiennins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Rodgers T, Jones HM, Rowland M. Tissue lipids and drug distribution: Dog versus rat. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:4615-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Nelson GJ. Studies on the lipids of sheep red blood cells. II. The incorporation of phosphorus into phospholipids of HK and LK cells. Lipids 2012; 3:267-74. [PMID: 17805869 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1967] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of inorganic phosphate (as NaH(2)PO(4)) into the phospholipids of sheep red blood cells was studied in vitro in blood samples from five highpotassium (HK) and five low-potassium (LK) sheep. The erythrocytes from HK sheep incorporated more activity in 4 hr than those from the LK sheep. However no activity was incorporated into the major phospholipids of the cells (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and sphingomyelin) of either group. The phosphatidic acid fraction was labeled in both groups and to a significantly greater extent in the HK samples. However the highest activity in the phospholipid of sheep red-cells was located in three unknown compounds not previously detected. Their specific activities were the same in the HK and the LK samples although they were present in slightly larger amounts in the HK samples. In general, incorporation was at a rather low level, and from stoichiometric considerations it was concluded that the metabolism in the red-cell phospholipids could not be directly involved in the active transport of ions across the cell membrane. This work also confirmed a previous report that no quantitative differences exist among the major phospholipid classes in the two types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Nelson
- Bio-Medical Division, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, 94550, Livermore, California
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30
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Schwiering M, Hellmann N. Validation of liposomal lipid composition by thin-layer chromatography. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:279-84. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.696657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Improved Extraction of Saturated Fatty Acids but not Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Sheep Red Blood Cells Using a One-Step Extraction Procedure. Lipids 2012; 47:719-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Dennison SR, Phoenix DA. Effect of cholesterol on the membrane interaction of Modelin-5 isoforms. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10898-909. [PMID: 22082130 DOI: 10.1021/bi201267v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modelin-5 isoforms were used to gain an insight into the effects of amidation on antimicrobial selectivity. When tested against Escherichia coli, amidation increased toxicity 10-fold (MIC = 31.25 μM) while showing limited increased hemolytic activity (2% lysis). Our results show that both the amidated and non-amidated peptides had a disordered structure in aqueous solution (<18% helical) and folded to form helices at the membrane interface (for example, >43% in the presence of DMPC). The stabilization of the helical structure by amidation has previously been shown to play a key role in increasing antibacterial efficacy. The presence of cholesterol in the membrane increases the packing density (C(s)(-1) values 25-33 mN m(-1)) and so prevents the peptide from forming stable association with the membrane, which is evidenced by the higher binding coefficient (K(d)) in the presence of cholesterol: 57.70 μM for Modelin-5-COOH and 35.64 μM for Modelin-5-CONH(2) compared to the presence of E. coli lipid extract (10 μM), which would prevent local concentration of the peptide at the bilayer interface as seen by reduction in monolayer interaction. This in turn would be predicted to inhibit activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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33
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Matsunaga S, Jimbo M, Gill MB, Lash-Van Wyhe LL, Murata M, Nonomura K, Swanson GT, Sakai R. Isolation, amino acid sequence and biological activities of novel long-chain polyamine-associated peptide toxins from the sponge Axinyssa aculeata. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2191-200. [PMID: 21830292 PMCID: PMC3533443 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel family of functionalized peptide toxins, aculeines (ACUs), was isolated from the marine sponge Axinyssa aculeate. ACUs are polypeptides with N-terminal residues that are modified by the addition of long-chain polyamines (LCPA). Aculeines were present in the sponge extract as a complex mixture with differing polyamine chain lengths and peptide structures. ACU-A and B, which were purified in this study, share a common polypeptide chain but differ in their N-terminal residue modifications. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide portion of ACU-A and B was deduced from 3' and 5' RACE, and supported by Edman degradation and mass spectral analysis of peptide fragments. ACU induced convulsions upon intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection in mice, and disrupted neuronal membrane integrity in electrophysiological assays. ACU also lysed erythrocytes with a potency that differed between animal species. Here we describe the isolation, amino acid sequence, and biological activity of this new group of cytotoxic sponge peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsunaga
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611 (Japan)
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sanriku-cho Ofunato 022-0101 (Japan)
| | - Martin B. Gill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 (USA)
| | - L. Leanne Lash-Van Wyhe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 (USA)
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan)
| | - Ken’ichi Nonomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan)
| | - Geoffrey T. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 (USA)
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611 (Japan)
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34
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Shevchenko OG, Shishkina LN. Comparative analysis of phospholipid composition in blood erythrocytes of various species of mouse-like rodents. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093011020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Purification, molecular cloning, and application of a novel sphingomyelin-binding protein (clamlysin) from the brackishwater clam, Corbicula japonica. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Giese B, Glowinski F, Paprotka K, Dittmann S, Steiner T, Sinha B, Fraunholz MJ. Expression of δ-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus mediates escape from phago-endosomes of human epithelial and endothelial cells in the presence of β-toxin. Cell Microbiol 2010; 13:316-29. [PMID: 20946243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is able to invade non-professional phagocytes by interaction of staphylococcal adhesins with extracellular proteins of mammalian cells and eventually resides in acidified phago-endosomes. Some staphylococcal strains have been shown to subsequently escape from this compartment. A functional agr quorum-sensing system is needed for phagosomal escape. However, the nature of this agr dependency as well as the toxins involved in disruption of the phagosomal membrane are unknown. Using a novel technique to detect vesicular escape of S. aureus, we identified staphylococcal virulence factors involved in phagosomal escape. Here we show that a synergistic activity of the cytolytic peptide, staphylococcal δ-toxin and the sphingomyelinase β-toxin enable the phagosomal escape of staphylococci in human epithelial as well as in endothelial cells. The agr dependency of this process can be directly explained by the location of the structural gene for δ-toxin within the agr effector RNAIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Giese
- FunGene-Competence Center for Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, F.-L.-Jahnstrasse 15, Greifswald, Germany
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Thiele OW, Plotkin J, Imre S. Lipid Pattern of Erythrocyte Membrane of Calf and Adult Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1979.tb01774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Thiele OW, Plotkin J, Imre S. Lipid Pattern of Erythrocyte Membrane of Calf and Adult Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1979.tb01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Arias M, Quijano JC, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, Lemeshko VV. Red blood cell permeabilization by hypotonic treatments, saponin, and anticancer avicins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1189-96. [PMID: 20346345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane permeabilization by saponin and anticancer avicins was studied using light dispersion measurements, since high correlation between light dispersion changes and hemolysis has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, we observed that rat red blood cell swelling in moderately hypotonic media was accompanied by up to 20% decrease of light dispersion, when hemolysis was not yet detectable. Avicin G and avicin D were significantly more efficient than saponin in inducing cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. We found that the preincubation of avicins with the plasma membrane, but not with the cytosolic fraction of previously lysed red blood cells, completely protected fresh cells against permeabilization. The data suggest that the plasma membrane can tightly bind the avicins, but not the saponin. Using the "osmotic protection" method with 100mOsm PEGs of increasing molecular weight in isotonic media, the size of the pores generated by avicin G and avicin D in the plasma membrane was estimated to be higher than the hydrodynamic radius of PEG-8000. The obtained results indicate that the anticancer activity of avicin G and avicin D could be related, at least partially, to their high ability to permeabilize biological membranes. These data might represent interest for possible applications of these anticancer drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arias
- Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia
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40
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RICCI E, ABBIATI G, CANTILE C. Intracranial Cholesterol Granuloma in a Cat. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1475-8. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele RICCI
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa
| | | | - Carlo CANTILE
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa
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41
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Jain NC. MEASUREMENT, INTERPRETATION, FACTORS INVOLVED, AND MECHANISM OF OSMOTIC FRAGILITY WITH OBSERVATIONS ON ANIMAL ERYTHROCYTES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1972.tb00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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43
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Montes LR, López DJ, Sot J, Bagatolli LA, Stonehouse MJ, Vasil ML, Wu BX, Hannun YA, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Ceramide-enriched membrane domains in red blood cells and the mechanism of sphingomyelinase-induced hot-cold hemolysis. Biochemistry 2008; 47:11222-30. [PMID: 18826261 DOI: 10.1021/bi801139z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hot-cold hemolysis is the phenomenon whereby red blood cells, preincubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of certain agents, undergo rapid hemolysis when transferred to 4 degrees C. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not understood. PlcHR 2, a phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that is the prototype of a new phosphatase superfamily, induces hot-cold hemolysis. We found that the sphingomyelinase, but not the phospholipase C activity, is essential for hot-cold hemolysis because the phenomenon occurs not only in human erythrocytes that contain both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) but also in goat erythrocytes, which lack PC. However, in horse erythrocytes, with a large proportion of PC and almost no SM, hot-cold hemolysis induced by PlcHR 2 is not observed. Fluorescence microscopy observations confirm the formation of ceramide-enriched domains as a result of PlcHR 2 activity. After cooling down to 4 degrees C, the erythrocyte ghost membranes arising from hemolysis contain large, ceramide-rich domains. We suggest that formation of these rigid domains in the originally flexible cell makes it fragile, thus highly susceptible to hemolysis. We also interpret the slow hemolysis observed at 37 degrees C as a phenomenon of gradual release of aqueous contents, induced by the sphingomyelinase activity, as described by Ruiz-Arguello et al. [(1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 26616]. These hypotheses are supported by the fact that ceramidase, which is known to facilitate slow hemolysis at 37 degrees C, actually hinders hot-cold hemolysis. Differential scanning calorimetry of erytrocyte membranes treated with PlcHR 2 demonstrates the presence of ceramide-rich domains that are rigid at 4 degrees C but fluid at 37 degrees C. Ceramidase treatment causes the disapperance of the calorimetric signal assigned to ceramide-rich domains. Finally, in liposomes composed of SM, PC, and cholesterol, which exhibit slow release of aqueous contents at 37 degrees C, addition of 10 mol % ceramide and transfer to 4 degrees C cause a large increase in the rate of solute efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-Ruth Montes
- Unidad de Biofisica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Aptdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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44
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Ikezawa H, Taguchi R, Asahi Y, Tomita M. The Physiological Actions of Bacterial Phospholipases C on Eucaryotic Cells and their Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569548209019476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Bruschetta G, Alberghina D, Nastasi G, Rotondo E, Ferlazzo AM. Characterization of phospholipid composition of pig plasma and erythrocyte membranes. Vet Res Commun 2008; 32 Suppl 1:S115-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Okino N, Ito M. Ceramidase enhances phospholipase C-induced hemolysis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:6021-30. [PMID: 17202150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603088200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the purification, molecular cloning, and characterization of a neutral ceramidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AN17 (Okino, N., Tani, M., Imayama, S., and Ito, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14368-14373; Okino, N., Ichinose, S., Omori, A., Imayama, S., Nakamura, T., and Ito, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 36616-36622). Interestingly, the gene encoding the enzyme is adjacent to that encoding hemolytic phospholipase C (plcH) in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a well known pathogen for opportunistic infections. We report here that simultaneous production of PlcH and ceramidase was induced by several lipids and PlcH-induced hemolysis was significantly enhanced by the action of the ceramidase. When the strain was cultured with sphingomyelin or phosphatidylcholine, production of both enzymes drastically increased, causing the increase of hemolytic activity in the cell-free culture supernatant. Ceramide and sphingosine were also effective in promoting the production of ceramidase but not that of PlcH. Furthermore, we found that the hemolytic activity of a Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase was significantly enhanced by addition of a recombinant Pseudomonas ceramidase. TLC analysis of the erythrocytes showed that ceramide produced from sphingomyelin by the sphingomyelinase was partly converted to sphingosine by the ceramidase. A ceramidase-null mutant strain caused much less hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes than did the wild-type strain. Sphingosine was detected in the erythrocytes co-cultured with the wild-type strain but not the mutant strain. Finally, we found that the enhancement of PlcH-induced hemolysis by the ceramidase occurred in not only sheep but also human erythrocytes. These results may indicate that the ceramidase enhances the PlcH-induced cytotoxicity and provide new insights into the role of sphingolipid-degrading enzymes in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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47
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The effect of binding of spider-derived antimicrobial peptides, oxyopinins, on lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:1475-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Deuticke B. Properties and structural basis of simple diffusion pathways in the erythrocyte membrane. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 78:1-97. [PMID: 322240 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0027721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Rodgers T, Leahy D, Rowland M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling 1: Predicting the Tissue Distribution of Moderate-to-Strong Bases. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:1259-76. [PMID: 15858854 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-to-plasma water partition coefficients (Kpu's) form an integral part of whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (WBPBPK) models. This research aims to improve the predictability of Kpu values for moderate-to-strong bases (pK(a) > or = 7), by developing a mechanistic equation that accommodates the unique electrostatic interactions of such drugs with tissue acidic phospholipids, where the affinity of this interaction is readily estimated from drug blood cell binding data. Additional model constituents are drug partitioning into neutral lipids and neutral phospholipids, and drug dissolution in tissue water. Major assumptions of this equation are that electrostatic interactions predominate, drugs distribute passively, and non-saturating conditions prevail. Resultant Kpu predictions for 28 moderate-to-strong bases were significantly more accurate than published equations with 89%, compared to 45%, of the predictions being within a factor of three of experimental values in rat adipose, bone, gut, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, pancreas, skin, spleen and thymus. Predictions in rat brain and lung were less accurate probably due to the involvement of additional processes not incorporated within the equation. This overall improvement in prediction should facilitate the further application of WBPBPK modeling, where time, cost and labor requirements associated with experimentally determining Kpu's have, to a large extent, deterred its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Rodgers
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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50
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Ochi S, Oda M, Matsuda H, Ikari S, Sakurai J. Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin activates the sphingomyelin metabolism system in sheep erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:12181-9. [PMID: 14702348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307046200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin induces hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes through the activation of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Sheep erythrocytes contain large amounts of sphingomyelin (SM) but not phosphatidylcholine. We investigated the relationship between the toxin-induced hemolysis and SM metabolic system in sheep erythrocytes. Alpha-toxin simultaneously induced hemolysis and a reduction in the levels of SM and formation of ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). N-Oleoylethanolamine, a ceramidase inhibitor, inhibited the toxin-induced hemolysis and caused ceramide to accumulate in the toxin-treated cells. Furthermore, dl-threo-dihydrosphingosine and B-5354c, isolated from a novel marine bacterium, both sphingosine kinase inhibitors, blocked the toxin-induced hemolysis and production of S1P and caused sphingosine to accumulate. These observations suggest that the toxin-induced activation of the SM metabolic system is closely related to hemolysis. S1P potentiated the toxin-induced hemolysis of saponin-permeabilized erythrocytes but had no effect on that of intact cells. Preincubation of lysated sheep erythrocytes with pertussis toxin blocked the alpha-toxin-induced formation of ceramide from SM. In addition, incubation of C. botulinum C3 exoenzyme-treated lysates of sheep erythrocytes with alpha-toxin caused an accumulation of sphingosine and inhibition of the formation of S1P. These observations suggest that the alpha-toxin-induced hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes is dependent on the activation of the SM metabolic system through GTP-binding proteins, especially the formation of S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadayuki Ochi
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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