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Abstract
Lysyl-tRNA synthetase catalyses the formation of lysyl-transfer RNA, Lys-tRNA(Lys), which then is ready to insert lysine into proteins. Lysine is important for proteins since it is one of only two proteinogenic amino acids carrying an alkaline functional group. Seven genes of lysyl-tRNA synthetases have been localized in five organisms, and the nucleotide and the amino acid sequences have been established. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase molecules are of average chain lengths among the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, which range from about 300 to 1100 amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetases act as dimers; in eukaryotes they can be localized in multienzyme complexes and can contain carbohydrates or lipids. Lysine tRNA is recognized by lysyl-tRNA synthetase via standard identity elements, namely anticodon region and acceptor stem. The aminoacylation follows the standard two-step mechanism. However the accuracy of selecting lysine against the other amino acids is less than average. The first threedimensional structure of a lysyl-tRNA synthetase worked out very recently, using the enzyme from the Escherichia coli lysU gene which binds one molecule of lysine, is similar to those of other class II synthetases. However, none of the reaction steps catalyzed by the enzyme is clarified to atomic resolution. Thus surprising findings might be possible. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its precursors as well as its substrates and products are targets and starting points of many regulation circuits, e.g. in multienzyme complex formation and function, dinucleoside polyphosphate synthesis, heat shock regulation, activation or deactivation by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, inhibition by amino acid analogs, and generation of antibodies against lysyl-tRNA synthetase. None of these pathways is clarified completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Freist
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Mirande M. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family from prokaryotes and eukaryotes: structural domains and their implications. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1991; 40:95-142. [PMID: 2031086 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mirande
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Filonenko VV, Beresten SF, Rubikaite BI, Kisselev LL. Bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase form a complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 161:481-8. [PMID: 2735904 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is able to form a complex with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The complex formation (i) does not influence the tryptophan-dependent PPi-ATP exchange reaction and (ii) involves predominantly the N-terminal dispensable domain of the synthetase. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was shown to be capable of interacting simultaneously with tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and with ribosomal RNA to form a ternary complex. It is proposed that compartmentation of some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in certain cases might be achieved via 'adapter' molecules which can bind at once to ribonucleic acids and to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Filonenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Fedorov AN, Ovchinnikov LP. Interaction of eukaryotic threonyl-tRNA synthetase with high-Mr RNAs and tRNA(Thr). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 169:185-91. [PMID: 2445566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase of rabbit reticulocytes was purified to homogeneity. We have found that this enzyme can interact not only with cognate tRNA(Thr), but also with high-Mr RNAs. tRNA(Thr) removes rRNA from the complexes with threonyl-tRNA synthetase. On the other hand, rRNA is unable to dissociate tRNA(Thr) from the complexes with the enzyme. Despite its dimeric organization, threonyl-tRNA synthetase is unable to form stable ternary complexes with tRNA(Thr) and rRNA. In the extract of rabbit reticulocytes about one-third of the threonyl-tRNA synthetase molecules are in association with cognate tRNA(Thr) and thus are unable to interact with high-Mr RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Fedorov
- Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pushchino
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5
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Paley EL, Baranov VN, Zinoviev NE, Kisselev LL. Immunomorphological and biochemical studies on intracellular distribution of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from higher eukaryotes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Paley
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR
| | - V. N. Baranov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR
| | - N. E. Zinoviev
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, All-Union Cancer Research Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR
| | - L. L. Kisselev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR
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Sitikov AS, Davydova EK, Bezlepkina TA, Ovchinnikov LP, Spirin AS. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 loses its non-specific affinity for RNA and leaves polyribosomes as a result of ADP-ribosylation. FEBS Lett 1984; 176:406-10. [PMID: 6208057 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)81207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation of rabbit reticulocyte elongation factor 2 (EF-2) catalyzed by the A fragment of diphtheria toxin leads to a loss of its non-specific affinity for RNA. The removal of the ADP-ribose residue from EF-2 in the reverse reaction with nicotinamide restores its affinity for RNA. ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 is accompanied by its dissociation from the complexes with mono- and polyribosomes detected in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate at low ionic strength. The loss of the non-specific affinity of EF-2 for RNA as a result of ADP-ribosylation and, as a consequence, its decompartmentation from polyribosomes is assumed to be a reason for the diphtheria toxin-induced inactivation of the factor in eukaryotic cells.
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7
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Dang CV, Dang CV. Structural organization of high-Mr mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Comparison of multi-enzyme complexes from different sources. Mol Cell Biochem 1984; 63:131-6. [PMID: 6493217 DOI: 10.1007/bf00285220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been isolated as high-Mr multi-enzyme complexes. These complexes often contain variable contents of synthetase activities. The complexes may also contain molecules other than synthetases such as tRNA. The observed variations in size, polypeptide composition, and content of enzyme activities of the high-Mr synthetase complexes have been sources of confusion in the understanding of the structural organization of these complexes. A unified scheme of structural organization which encompasses most observations on high-Mr complexes reported in the literature is presented.
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Berbeć H, Paszkowska A, Borkowski T. Heavy and light forms of some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in fraction X, microsomes and cytosol of rabbit liver. Mol Cell Biochem 1984; 62:149-55. [PMID: 6749132 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity for alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and phenylalanine was studied in the three subcellular fractions of rabbit liver: fraction X, microsomes and cytosol. From 60 to 80% of the enzyme activities were found in fraction X and microsomes. Fraction X was especially rich in the synthetase activities. By means of gel chromatography, heavy (over 10(6) daltons) and light (below 480 X 10(3) daltons) forms of lysyl- and phenylalanyl- but only light ones of alanyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase activities were found in all the subcellular fractions studied. It is concluded that in higher organisms (mammals) all aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, at least in part, are associated with cell structural constituents.
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Dang CV, Yang DC, Pollard TD. Association of methionyl-tRNA synthetase with detergent-insoluble components of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 1983; 96:1138-47. [PMID: 6339526 PMCID: PMC2112329 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.96.4.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using fluorescent antibody staining, we have established the association of methionyl-tRNA synthetase with the endoplasmic reticulum in PtK2 cells. After Triton X-100 extraction, 70% of the recovered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity was found in the detergent-insoluble fraction. This fraction of the enzyme remained localized with insoluble endoplasmic reticulum antigens and with ribosomes, which were stained with acridine orange. By both fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy the organization of the detergent-insoluble residue was found to depend on the composition of the extracting solution. After extraction with a microtubule-stabilizing buffer containing EGTA, Triton X-100, and polyethylene glycol (Osburn, M., and K. Weber, 1977, Cell, 12:561-571) the ribosomes were aggregated in large clusters with remnants of membranes. After extraction with a buffer containing Triton X-100, sucrose, and CaCl2 (Fulton, A. B., K. M. Wang, and S. Penman, 1980, Cell, 20:849-857), the ribosomes were in small clusters and there were few morphologically recognizable membranes. In both cases the methionyl-tRNA synthetase and some endoplasmic reticulum antigens retained approximately their normal distribution in the cell. Double fluorochrome staining showed no morphological association of methionyl-tRNA synthetase with the microtubule, actin, or cytokeratin fiber systems of PtK2 cells. These observations demonstrate that detergent-insoluble cellular components, sometimes referred to as "cytoskeletal" preparations, contain significant amounts of nonfilamentous material including ribosomes, and membrane residue. Caution is required in speculating about intermolecular associations in such a complex cell fraction.
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10
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Macromolecular complexes from sheep and rabbit containing seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. III. Assignment of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities to the polypeptide components of the complexes. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Deutscher MP, Ni RC. Purification of a low molecular weight form of rat liver arginyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)65095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dang CV, Johnson DL, Yang DC. High molecular mass amino acyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in eukaryotes. FEBS Lett 1982; 142:1-6. [PMID: 7049726 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Charezinski M, Borkowski T. Occurrence of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in calf brain. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 207:241-7. [PMID: 7247401 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Hradec J, Dusek Z. Particulate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are retained on heparin bound to Sepharose. Mol Biol Rep 1980; 6:245-8. [PMID: 7207473 DOI: 10.1007/bf00777532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fractions of reticulocyte lysates were retained on heparin immobilized on Sepharose 4B and further separated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. These fractions contain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for 12 amino acids tested. Most synthetases with the highest specific activity are present in the fraction of approximately 40S. Particulate synthetases present in the postmicrosomal pellet of rat liver and synthetases associated with polyribosomes are almost completely adsorbed on heparin-Sepharose but free enzymes in the cytosol are not retained. Since only particulate synthetases are retained on the affinity carrier, their adsorption may be due to the presence of protein-synthesis factors, in particular peptide initiation and elongation factors, in the complexes of synthetases.
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Arbeeny CM, Briden KL, Stirewalt WS. The activity and sedimentation properties of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of rat skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 564:191-201. [PMID: 486478 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the postribosomal supernatant fraction of rat skeletal muscle were characterized by their activity and sedimentation properties. The synthetases of muscle were compared with those of liver in terms of these parameters. Extraction of the synthetases of muscle with a buffer containing 4 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resulted in a 50--100% increase in the activities of glutaminyl-, glutamyl-, isoleucyl-, leucyl-, lysyl-, methionyl-, and prolyl-tRNA synthetases in the postribosomal fraction, over those activities extracted in the absence of ATP. This effect of ATP was specific for those synthetases which sedimented as particulate elements in sucrose gradients, and appeared to be unique to muscle. The individual synthetase activities of muscle, except alanyl-, leucyl-, and valyl-tRNA synthetases, were aprrox. 25% of the corresponding synthetase activities of liver. Sucrose density gradient analysis of the postribosomal fraction of muscle and liver revealed that the sedimentation profiles of the synthetases of the two tissues were similar, with nine synthetase activities sedimenting as large particulate entities at 18 S. The findings suggest that the particulate forms of the synthetases reflect true association of the enzymes with a high molecular weight cellular component common to both tissues.
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Jakubowski H. A role for protein--protein interactions in the maintenance of active forms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. FEBS Lett 1979; 103:71-6. [PMID: 467656 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Wegnez M, Denis H. Biochemical research on oogenesis. Transfer RNA is fully charged in the 42-S storage particles of Xenopus laevis oocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 98:67-75. [PMID: 467449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. Transfer RNA makes up 30-40% of total RNA in previtellogenic oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The bulk of tRNA is associated with 5-S RNA and two proteins in a high-molecular-weight complex sedimenting at 42S. 2. We show here that all kinds of tRNA are present in the 42-S particles and all of them sediment coincidently. Particle tRNA is fully charged in vivo. During purification of the 42-S particles tRNA becomes partially uncharged. When purified particles are incubated in vitro with amino acids and ATP a charging reaction occurs without disruption of the nucleoprotein complex. Many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be shown to co-sediment with the 42-S particles. We conclude that complete aminoacylation of tRNA within the storage particles results from the activity of particle-bound aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
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Glinski RL, Gainey PC, Mawhinney TP, Hilderman RH. Evidence that lysyl- and/or arginyl-tRNA synthetases from rat liver contain carbohydrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:1052-61. [PMID: 465071 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Smith DW, Silbert PE, McNamara AL. The association of histidyl-tRNA synthetase with reticulocyte ribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 562:453-61. [PMID: 454610 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Quintard B, Mouricout M, Carias JR, Julien R. Occurrence of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in quiescent wheat germ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 85:999-1006. [PMID: 736971 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Kellermann O, Viel C, Waller JP. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from sheep mammary gland. Purification of a fully active monomeric enzyme derived from high-molecular-weight complexes by controlled proteolysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 88:197-204. [PMID: 566665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from sheep lactating mammary gland is found predominantly in the form of high-molecular-weight complexes. Controlled proteolysis of these aggregates generates a low-molecular-weight species of the enzyme with full maintenance of activity as assessed by the rate of aminoacylation of tRNA. The product of proteolysis, which has been purified to homogeneity with a yield of 23%, is a monomeric enzyme of molecular weight 78 000. It has a specific activity of 405 units/mg at 25 degrees C. These findings clearly demonstrate that the aggregated state of methionyl-tRNA synthetase is not a prerequisite for full expression of catalytic activity. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need to provide effective protection against proteolytic damage in studies dealing with the characterization of high-molecular-weight complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
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Aspen AJ, Hoagland MB. Uncoupling of amino acid turnover on transfer RNA from protein synthesis in HeLa cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 518:482-96. [PMID: 656429 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(78)90166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aminoacylation of tRNA has been investigated in relation to protein aynthesis in living HeLa cells. In cells growing normally, the rates of tRNA charing are compatible with the observed entry of amino acids into protein. In contrast, when protein synthesis is inhibited 95--98% by either reduced temperature or cycloheximide, aminoacylation of tRNA is relatively unaffected. We conclude that, under these conditions, the aminoacylation of tRNA is uncoupled from subsequent steps in protein synthesis. These results provide for the first time a possible biological role for the observed aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activities of the tRNA synthetases.
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Dang CV, Yang DC. Affinity chromatography of rat liver aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 80:709-14. [PMID: 637862 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Harris CL, Marin K, Stewart D. tRNA sulfurtransferase: a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 79:657-62. [PMID: 597293 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Agris PF, Setzer D, Gehrke CW. Characterization of a unique enzyme complex composed of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-tRNA-methyltransferase and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities. Nucleic Acids Res 1977; 4:3803-19. [PMID: 593887 PMCID: PMC343201 DOI: 10.1093/nar/4.11.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-tRNA methyltransferases of a murine leukemia cell line were found to exist in a high molecular weight enzyme complex. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity always co-chromatographed and co-sedimented with methyltransferase activity in evidence of a unique association of these two groups of enzymes. Molecular weight studies showed a probable molecular weight of 9 X 10(5) daltsons for the intact complex which dissociates to complexes of 6 X 10(5) and 3 X 10(5) daltons. The complexes contain discrete polypeptides of 25,000-90,000 daltons as determined from SDS-gel electrophoresis. High resolution fatty acid analysis showed that only very small amounts of saponifiable lipids were associated with the purified enzyme complex. Similarly very little protein-bound sugars was found within the complex indicating that neither lipids nor sugars were involved in the protein-protein interactions of the complex. Analysis of tRNA methylated in vitro indicated the presence of most methyltransferase activities in the purified complex. Of note was the absence from the complex of the methyltransferase responsible for the production of ribo Tp.
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Dickman SR, Boll DJ. Differential purification of methionine-tRNA synthetase and lysine-tRNA synthetase from rabbit liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 78:1191-7. [PMID: 921771 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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