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Xie H, Ai Q, Tong T, Liao M, Fan H. PEDV infection affects the expression of polyamine-related genes inhibiting viral proliferation. Virus Res 2022; 312:198708. [PMID: 35151773 PMCID: PMC8830936 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alpha-coronavirus that causes epidemic diarrhea in swines. The mortality of PEDV infection in one-week-old piglets is extremely high, which causes a huge significant economic loss to the global pig husbandry and blocks its healthy development. There was a lack of adequate studies to elucidate pathogenic mechanism associated with PEDV infection. In the present study, we detected the expression profiles of polyamine metabolism associated genes in Vero cells infected with PEDV by RT-qPCR. It is shown that PAOX(acetylpolyamine oxidase), SMOX(spermine oxidase), SAT1(spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1), ODC1(ornithine decarboxylase 1), DHPS(deoxyhypusine synthase) and EIF5A( eukaryotic initiation factor 5A) were significantly upregulated. Through intervening SAT1 level in PEDV-infected Vero cells, it is identified that overexpression of SAT1 inhibited PEDV replication by reducing polyamine levels. Furthermore, polyamine depletion and upregulation were found to regulate the proliferation of PEDV. PEDV infection in Vero cells did not result in a significant change in the protein level of eIF5A, and in addition, the activated eIF5A did not affect the proliferation of PEDV. Our results provided new insights into the influence of polyamine metabolism on the proliferation of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangao Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
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Zhang XF, Zeng T, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang H, Lin H, Wang Z, Wei T. Rice yellow stunt virus activates polyamine biosynthesis to promote viral propagation in insect vectors by disrupting ornithine decarboxylase antienzyme function. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1522-1532. [PMID: 33452997 PMCID: PMC7811333 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) have emerged as important molecules for viral infection; however, how viruses activate polyamines biosynthesis to promote viral infection remains unclear. Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and its antienzyme 1 (OAZ1) are major regulators of polyamine biosynthesis in animal cells. Here, we report that rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a plant rhabdovirus, could activate putrescine biosynthesis in leafhoppers to promote viral propagation by inhibiting OAZ1 expression. We observed that the reduction of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with difluormethylornithine (DFMO), a specific nontoxic inhibitor of ODC1, or with in vitro synthesized dsRNAs targeting ODC1 mRNA could inhibit viral infection. In contrast, the supplement of putrescine or the increase of putrescine biosynthesis by treatment with dsRNAs targeting OAZ1 mRNA could facilitate viral infection. We further determined that both RYSV matrix protein M and ODC1 directly bind to the ODC-binding domain at the C-terminus of OAZ1. Thus, viral propagation in leafhoppers would decrease the ability of OAZ1 to target and mediate the degradation of ODC1, which finally activates putrescine production to benefit viral propagation. This work reveals that polyamine-metabolizing enzymes are directly exploited by a vector-borne virus to increase polyamine production, thereby facilitating viral infection in insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianbao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuemin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Abstract
Polyamines are small, abundant, aliphatic molecules present in all mammalian cells. Within the context of the cell, they play a myriad of roles, from modulating nucleic acid conformation to promoting cellular proliferation and signaling. In addition, polyamines have emerged as important molecules in virus-host interactions. Many viruses have been shown to require polyamines for one or more aspects of their replication cycle, including DNA and RNA polymerization, nucleic acid packaging, and protein synthesis. Understanding the role of polyamines has become easier with the application of small-molecule inhibitors of polyamine synthesis and the use of interferon-induced regulators of polyamines. Here we review the diverse mechanisms in which viruses require polyamines and investigate blocking polyamine synthesis as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral approach.
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Secrist JA. New Substrate Analogues as Inhibitors of S-Adenosylmetfflonine Decarboxylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318708056181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Obert G, Tripier F, Nonnenmacher H, Kirn A. Mise en évidence de deux étapes arginino-dépendantes du cycle de multiplication du virus vaccinal: Rôle des polyamines dans la synthèse des ARNm tardifs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0769-2617(80)90074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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