Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate isomers inactivate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Kinetics of the inhibition by naphtholsulfonate compounds of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes

The effect of a variety of naphthalene sulfonate compounds on the chicken erythrocyte AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) reaction was analyzed kinetically. Of the naphthalene sulfonate derivatives tested, the compounds with hydroxyl, sulfonate and nitrogen groups such as amino, anilino or azo groups showed an inhibitory effect. The cooperative effect of AMP, analyzed in terms of Hill coefficient, was increased from about 2 to 4 and the maximal velocity was unchanged with the addition of these compounds, suggesting the ligands as an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme. The inhibition of AMP deaminase by naphtholsulfonate compounds can be qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit of all experimental saturation and inhibition curves, assuming four binding sites for AMP and the inhibitor, and various KT(I) values. The structure-activity analysis of the interaction of the naphtholsulfonate compounds with AMP deaminase has demonstrated that the affinity of the enzyme for naphtholsulfonates as the inhibitors is correlated with electronic properties of the nitrogen atoms attached to naphthalene moiety: the delocalization of lone electron pair on nitrogen through naphtholsulfonate group makes the compound less basic, resulting in more tight binding of the ligand to the enzyme. Introduction of hydrophobic group to naphtholsulfonate moiety increases the binding affinity for the enzyme, and of the inhibition. These results suggest the location of hydrophobic regions as the allosteric inhibitory sites of the enzyme for the binding of naphtholsulfonate compounds.