1
|
Bailly C. Covalent binding of withanolides to cysteines of protein targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116405. [PMID: 38969301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Withanolides represent an important category of natural products with a steroidal lactone core. Many of them contain an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety with a high reactivity toward sulfhydryl groups, including protein cysteine thiols. Different withanolides endowed with marked antitumor and anti-inflammatory have been shown to form stable covalent complexes with exposed cysteines present in the active site of oncogenic kinases (BTK, IKKβ, Zap70), metabolism enzymes (Prdx-1/6, Pin1, PHGDH), transcription factors (Nrf2, NFκB, C/EBPβ) and other structural and signaling molecules (GFAP, β-tubulin, p97, Hsp90, vimentin, Mpro, IPO5, NEMO, …). The present review analyzed the covalent complexes formed through Michael addition alkylation reactions between six major withanolides (withaferin A, physalin A, withangulatin A, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E, withanone and tubocapsanolide A) and key cysteine residues of about 20 proteins and the resulting biological effects. The covalent conjugation of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system of withanolides with reactive protein thiols can occur with a large set of soluble and membrane proteins. It points to a general mechanism, well described with the leading natural product withaferin A, but likely valid for most withanolides harboring a reactive (electrophilic) enone moiety susceptible to react covalently with cysteinyl residues of proteins. The multiplicity of reactive proteins should be taken into account when studying the mechanism of action of new withanolides. Proteomic and network analyses shall be implemented to capture and compare the cysteine covalent-binding map for the major withanolides, so as to identify the protein targets at the origin of their activity and/or unwanted effects. Screening of the cysteinome will help understanding the mechanism of action and designing cysteine-reactive electrophilic drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, OncoLille Institute, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, F-59006 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, F-59290 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel withangulatin A derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104690. [PMID: 33592485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel withangulatin A (WA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (U2OS, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549). Among these derivatives, 10 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity, with an IC50 value of 74.0 nM against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and potency that was 70-fold that of WA (IC50 = 5.22 µM). Moreover, 10 caused G2-phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner and induced the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compound 10 showed a high selectivity index (SI = 267.03) for breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggest that 10 is a promising anticancer agent.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Li S, Zhao J, Yang H, Yin F, Ding M, Luo J, Wang X, Kong L. Design and SAR of Withangulatin A Analogues that Act as Covalent TrxR Inhibitors through the Michael Addition Reaction Showing Potential in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11195-11214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhang YL, Kong LY, Luo JG. Target discovery of cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa via reactivity-based screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
5
|
Downregulation of TIGAR sensitizes the antitumor effect of physapubenolide through increasing intracellular ROS levels to trigger apoptosis and autophagosome formation in human breast carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:90-106. [PMID: 28774732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physapubenolide (PB) is a cytotoxic withanolide isolated from Physalis angulata that was used as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we investigated the role of TIGAR and ROS in PB-induced apoptosis and autophagosome formation in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. PB induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and elevating the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK treatment partly blocked PB induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that apoptosis serves as an important role in the anti-proliferative effect of PB. Meanwhile, PB induced autophagosome formation, as characterized by increased acridine orange-stained positive cells, accumulation of punctate LC3B fluorescence and a greater number of autophagic vacuoles under electron microscopy. Furthermore, PB inhibited autophagic flux as reflected by the overlapping of mCherry and GFP fluorescence when MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with GFP-mCherry-LC3 plasmid. Depletion of LC3B, ATG5 or ATG7 reduced PB-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that autophagosome associated cell death participated in the anti-cancer effect of PB. Moreover, PB-induced apoptosis and autophagosome formation were linked to the generation of intracellular ROS, and pre-treatment with the antioxidant NAC obviously mitigated the effects. Interestingly, PB treatment slightly increased TIGAR expression at low concentrations but decreased TIGAR expression drastically at high concentrations. Downregulation of TIGAR by small interfering RNA augmented low concentrations of PB-induced apoptosis and autophagosome formation, which contributed to the observed anti-cancer effect of PB and were reversed by NAC pre-treatment. Consistently, in MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 xenograft mouse model, PB suppressed tumor growth through ROS induced apoptosis and autophagosome associated cell death accompanied with the downregulation of TIGAR. Taken together, these results indicate that downregulation of TIGAR increased PB-induced apoptosis and autophagosomes associated cell death through promoting ROS generation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv TZ, Wang GS. Antiproliferation potential of withaferin A on human osteosarcoma cells via the inhibition of G2/M checkpoint proteins. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:323-329. [PMID: 26170956 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a well-known steroidal lactone of the medicinally important plant, Withania somnifera. This secondary metabolite has been noted for its anticancer effects against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the growth inhibitory potential of WA against human osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, in the present study, the antiproliferative activities of WA, along with the underlying mechanisms of action, were investigated using flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution and western blot analysis for the assessment of various checkpoint proteins. In addition, the antiproliferative activity was evaluated using a sulforhodamine B assay, where MG-63 and U2OS human osteosarcoma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of WA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of the checkpoint proteins in the WA-treated MG-63 and U2OS cells were examined. The results obtained corresponded with the western blot analysis results. Furthermore, WA was shown to significantly inhibit the proliferation of the two types of treated cell lines (MG-63 and U2OS). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that WA induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was associated with the inhibition of cyclin B1, cyclin A, Cdk2 and p-Cdc2 (Tyr15) expression and an increase in the levels of p-Chk1 (Ser345) and p-Chk2 (Thr68). In conclusion, the present study found that the antiproliferative potential of WA was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was a result of the attenuation of the expression levels of G2/M checkpoint proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zhuo Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Baodi District People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Shun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Baodi District People's Hospital of Tianjin City, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okoye NN, Ajaghaku DL, Okeke HN, Ilodigwe EE, Nworu CS, Okoye FBC. beta-Amyrin and alpha-amyrin acetate isolated from the stem bark of Alstonia boonei display profound anti-inflammatory activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1478-1486. [PMID: 25026352 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.898078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of malaria, ulcer, rhematic pain, toothache, and inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate isolated from the stem bark of Alstonia boonei using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic purification of the crude methanol extract led to the isolation and structure elucidation of β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate. Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in rodents using egg albumen-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema models. The gastric ulcerogenic, in vivo leucocyte migration, and RBC membrane stabilization tests were also investigated. RESULTS α-Amyrin acetate at 100 mg/kg showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of egg albumen-induced paw edema with % inhibition of 40 at the 5th hour. Oral administration up to 100 mg/kg did not produce significant (p > 0.01) irritation of the gastric mucosa while significant (p < 0.01) ulceration was recorded for indomethacin at 40 mg/kg compared with the negative control. At 100 μg/mL, both β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate inhibited heat-induced hemolysis to as much 47.2 and 61.5%, respectively, while diclofenac sodium (100 μg/mL) evoked only 40.5% inhibition. Both compounds at 100 µg/ear produced significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of ear edema in mice by 39.4 and 55.5%, respectively. Also at 100 mg/kg (p.o.) α-amyrin acetate evoked 60.3% reduction in total leucocyte count and significant (p < 0.05) suppression (47.9%) of neutrophil infiltration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study generally provided evidence of profound anti-inflammatory activity of β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate isolated from the Alstonia boonei stem bark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nkeoma Nkasi Okoye
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria , Nsukka, Enugu State , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ali N. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity of crude methanol extract and antispasmodic activity of α-amyrin acetate from Tylophora hirsuta wall. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:135. [PMID: 23773697 PMCID: PMC3698064 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that aerial parts of Tylophora hirsuta have antispasmodic profile. The current work is an attempt for isolation of pharmacologically active compound(s) that contribute for its antispasmodic activity. Methods Preliminary phytochemical screening for crude methanol extract of Tylophora hirsuta (Th.Cr) is performed. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity of crude methanol extract is performed. Column chromatography was used for isolation of compounds. Mass spectroscopy, H1 NMR and C13 NMR were used for structural determination of compounds. α-amyrin acetate was tried for possible spasmolytic activity in rabbit’s jejunal preparations and KCl-induced contractions. Results Th.Cr tested positive for saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Compound 1 was isolated as α-amyrin acetate. Compound 2 was heptaeicosanol. Crude methanol extract tested positive for brine shrimp cytotoxicity with LC50 492.33± 8.08 mg/ml. Compound 1 tested positive for antispasmodic activity on spontaneous rabbits’ jejunum preparations with EC50 (60 ± 2) × 10-5M. The compound also tested positive on KCl induced contractions with EC50 (72 ± 3) × 10-5M. Conclusions The present work confirms that α-amyrin acetate is has antispasmodic profile and the relaxant effect may be attributed to α-amyrin acetate which is a major compound.
Collapse
|
9
|
Physalin B from Physalis angulata triggers the NOXA-related apoptosis pathway of human melanoma A375 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Yu Y, Hamza A, Zhang T, Gu M, Zou P, Newman B, Li Y, Gunatilaka AAL, Zhan CG, Sun D. Withaferin A targets heat shock protein 90 in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:542-51. [PMID: 19769945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of Hsp90 inhibition of Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone occurring in Withania somnifera, in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Withaferin A exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (with IC(50)s of 1.24, 2.93 and 2.78 microM) in pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1, MiaPaCa2 and BxPc3, respectively. Annexin V staining showed that WA induced significant apoptosis in Panc-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting demonstrated that WA inhibited Hsp90 chaperone activity to induce degradation of Hsp90 client proteins (Akt, Cdk4 and glucocorticoid receptor), which was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132. WA-biotin pull down assay of Hsp90 using Panc-1 cancer cell lysates and purified Hsp90 showed that WA-biotin binds to C-terminus of Hsp90 which was competitively blocked by unlabeled WA. Co-immunoprecipitation exhibited that WA (10 microM) disrupted Hsp90-Cdc37 complexes from 1 to 24h post-treatment, while it neither blocked ATP binding to Hsp90, nor changed Hsp90-P23 association. WA (3, 6mg/kg) inhibited tumor growth in pancreatic Panc-1 xenografts by 30% and 58%, respectively. These data demonstrate that Withaferin A binds Hsp90, inhibits Hsp90 chaperone activity through an ATP-independent mechanism, results in Hsp90 client protein degradation, and exhibits in vivo anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kazmi MH, Ahmed E, Hameed S, Malik A, Ashraf M. Isolation and structural determination of sorbinols A and B, new triterpenes from Sorbus cashmariana, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:416-9. [PMID: 17372961 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new pentacyclic triterpenes, sorbinols A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Sorbus cashmariana and their structures assigned from (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, DEPT and by 2D COSY, NOE, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Both 1 and 2 showed moderate inhibitory potential against the enzyme lipoxygenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassan Kazmi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmed E, tun Noor A, Malik A, Ferheen S, Afza N. Structural determination of silymins A and B, new pentacyclic triterpenes from Silybum marianum, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:79-81. [PMID: 17091528 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Silymins A (1) and B (2), the new pentacyclic triterpenes, have been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Silybum marianum and their structures assigned from 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT and by 2D COSY, NOE and HMBC experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Ahmed
- International Center for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuo PC, Kuo TH, Damu AG, Su CR, Lee EJ, Wu TS, Shu R, Chen CM, Bastow KF, Chen TH, Lee KH. Physanolide A, a Novel Skeleton Steroid, and Other Cytotoxic Principles from Physalis angulata. Org Lett 2006; 8:2953-6. [PMID: 16805525 DOI: 10.1021/ol060801s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel withasteroid, physanolide A (1), with an unprecedented skeleton containing a seven-membered ring, and two new physalins, physalins U (2) and V (3), were isolated from Physalis angulata. The structures were elucidated from spectroscopic analysis, and plausible biosynthetic pathways were postulated. Physalins B (4), D (5), and F (6) showed strong cytotoxicity against multiple tumor cell lines, including KB, A431, HCT-8, PC-3, and ZR751, with EC(50) values less than 4 microg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hsieh WT, Huang KY, Lin HY, Chung JG. Physalis angulata induced G2/M phase arrest in human breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:974-83. [PMID: 16427178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physalis angulata (PA) is employed in herbal medicine around the world. It is used to treat diabetes, hepatitis, asthma and malaria in Taiwan. We have evaluated PA as a cancer chemopreventive agent in vitro by studying the role of PA in regulation of proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. PA inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MAD-MB 231 and MCF-7 cell lines. In this study, under treatment with various concentrations of PA in MDA-MB 231 cell line, we checked mRNA levels for cyclin A and cyclin B1 and the protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1, Cdc2 (cyclin-dependent kinases), p21(waf1/cip1) and P27(Kip1) (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors), Cdc25C, Chk2 and Wee1 kinase (cyclin-dependent kinase relative factors) in cell cycle G2/M phase. From those results, we determined that PA arrests MDA-MB 231 cells at the G2/M phase by (i) inhibiting synthesis or stability of mRNA and their downstream protein levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1, (ii) increasing p21(waf1/cip1) and P27(kip1) levels, (iii) increasing Chk2, thus causing an increase in Cdc25C phosphorylation/inactivation and inducing a decrease in Cdc2 levels and an increase in Wee1 level. According to the results obtained, PA appears to possess anticarcinogenic properties; these results suggest that the effect of PA on the levels of phosphorylated/inactivated Cdc25C are mediated by Chk2 activation, at least in part, via p21(waf1/cip1) and P27(kip1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors pathway to arrest cells at G2/M phase in breast cancer carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Januário AH, Filho ER, Pietro RCLR, Kashima S, Sato DN, França SC. Antimycobacterial physalins from Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae). Phytother Res 2002; 16:445-8. [PMID: 12203265 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Crude extracts and fractions from aerial parts of Physalis angulata have been bioassayed for antimycobacterial activity. Fraction A1-29-12 containing physalins B, F and D exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv strain of 32 microg/mL. Purified physalin B and physalin D were also tested showing MIC values against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv strain of > 128 microg/mL and 32 microg/mL respectively, suggesting that physalin D plays a relevant role in the antimycobacterial activity displayed. Structural elucidation of both physalins D and B was based on detailed (13)C and (1)H NMR spectral analysis with the aid of 2D-correlation spectroscopy ((1)H-(1)H, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). The assignment of the (13)C chemical shift for physalin D is reported here for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Januário
- Unidade de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Withanolides, biologically active natural steroidal lactones: A review. STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY (PART F) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(97)80032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
17
|
Ray AB, Gupta M. Withasteroids, a growing group of naturally occurring steroidal lactones. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1994; 63:1-106. [PMID: 7851821 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9281-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A B Ray
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee WC, Lee YC, Perng MD, Chen CM, Lai YK. Induction of vimentin modification and vimentin-HSP72 association by withangulatin A in 9L rat brain tumor cells. J Cell Biochem 1993; 52:253-65. [PMID: 8366140 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240520302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Withangulatin A induced cell rounding up and the morphological alteration resulted from the reorganization of all of the major cytoskeletal components, i.e., vimentin, tubulin, and actin, as revealed by immunofluorescence techniques. When the withangulatin A-treated cells changed to a round-up morphology, vimentin intermediate filaments were found to be collapsed and clustered around the nucleus. The alteration was accompanied by characteristic changes of vimentin molecules, including augmentation of phosphorylation, retardation of electrophoretic mobility, and decrease in detergent extractability. The levels of vimentin phosphorylation were augmented by 2.5- and 1.8-fold in cells incubated with 50 microM withangulatin A for 1 and 3 h, respectively. The electrophoretic mobility of vimentin was partially retarded in cells treated with withangulatin A for 1 h at 10 microM and a completely upshift mobility was observed after 5 h treatment at 50 microM. In addition, vimentin molecules became less extractable by nonident P-40 after the cells were treated with withangulatin A and this effect was dose dependent. The decrease in solubility of vimentin was accompanied by the redistribution of HSP72 into the detergent nonextractable fraction and these two events were well correlated. Our results suggest that withangulatin A induced the modification of vimentin, which resulted in the alteration of cell morphology and redistribution of intracellular HSP72, an event that may play an important role in the induction of heat-shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Lee
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang HW, Juang JK, Liu HJ. The recognition of DNA cleavage sites by porcine spleen topoisomerase II. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:467-73. [PMID: 1311075 PMCID: PMC310409 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cutting sites specificity of topoisomerase II from porcine spleen were determined by a modified Sanger's DNA sequencing method. The topoisomerase II prefers to cut DNA at the 3' side of A and leave 5' protruding end with two staggering bases. Through the free energy analysis for DNA duplex, we also found that the topoisomerase II seemed cut DNA preferably at energetically unstable regions. So it is concluded that the specific DNA cutting by porcine spleen topoisomerase II has two structural recognition factors: one is to localize around the energetically unstable region and another is to act at the 3' side of A base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Huang
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee WC, Lin KY, Chen CM, Chen ZT, Liu HJ, Lai YK. Induction of heat-shock response and alterations of protein phosphorylation by a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, withangulatin A, in 9L rat brain tumor cells. J Cell Physiol 1991; 149:66-76. [PMID: 1658010 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041490110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Withangulatin A is a newly identified in vitro topoisomerase II inhibitor isolated from the Chinese antitumor herb Physalis angulata. In vivo, it was found to be cytotoxic, capable of suppressing general protein synthesis and of inducing the synthesis of a small set of proteins including those generated by heat-shock treatment. The 70 kDa protein generated by withangulatin A was unequivocally identified as the heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) since both proteins migrated to the same position on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, could be recognized by a monoclonal antibody to human HSP70, and exhibited identical peptide maps. The induction of protein synthesis by withangulatin A was regulated at the transcriptional level since it was aborted in cells pre-treated with actinomycin D. However, the initiation of this process did not require de novo protein synthesis since it was not affected by cycloheximide. Other cellular effect of withangulatin A was alterations of protein phosphorylation including an enhancement of phosphorylation of a 65 kDa protein which was also detected in the heat-shocked cells. Moreover, this process was observed within 7.5 min after the initial heat treatment which is much faster than the onset of HSP synthesis. Therefore, increased phosphorylation of the 65 kDa protein may represent one of the earliest signals generated by both heat-shock and withangluatin A and may be involved in the upstream regulation of heat-shock response in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Lee
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|