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Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010129. [PMID: 36670991 PMCID: PMC9854577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous health issues such as sleep disorders, asthma, hepatic dysfunction, cancer, renal dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and infertility. Previous research has shown that the distribution of excess body fat, rather than excess body weight, determines obesity-related risk factors. It is widely accepted that abdominal fat is a serious risk factor for illnesses associated with obesity and the accumulation of visceral fat promotes the release of pro-oxidants, pro-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The metabolic process in the human body produces several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via urine, saliva, breath, blood, skin secretions, milk, and feces. Several studies have shown that VOCs are released by the interaction of ROS with underlying cellular components leading to increased protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. These VOCs released via oxidative stress in obese individuals may serves as a biomarker for obesity-related metabolic alterations and disease. In this review, we focus on the relationship between oxidative stress and VOCs in obesity.
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Li Z, Shu J, Yang B, Zhang Z, Huang J, Chen Y. Emerging non-invasive detection methodologies for lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3389-3399. [PMID: 32269611 PMCID: PMC7115116 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for non-invasive lung cancer (LC) diagnosis based on molecular, cellular and volatile biomarkers has been attracting increasing attention, with the development of advanced techniques and methodologies. It is standard practice to tailor the treatments of LC for certain specific genetic alterations, including the epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and BRAF genes. Despite these advances, little is known about the internal mechanisms of different types of biomarkers and the involvement of their related biochemical pathways during the development of LC. The development of faster and more effective techniques is essential for the identification of different biomarkers. The present review summarizes some of the latest methods used for detecting molecular, cellular and volatile biomarkers in LC and their potential use in clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Zuojian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, P.R. China
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Amal H, Leja M, Funka K, Skapars R, Sivins A, Ancans G, Liepniece-Karele I, Kikuste I, Lasina I, Haick H. Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath. Gut 2016; 65:400-7. [PMID: 25869737 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Timely detection of gastric cancer (GC) and the related precancerous lesions could provide a tool for decreasing both cancer mortality and incidence. DESIGN 968 breath samples were collected from 484 patients (including 99 with GC) for two different analyses. The first sample was analysed by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GCMS) while applying t test with multiple corrections (p value<0.017); the second by cross-reactive nanoarrays combined with pattern recognition. For the latter, 70% of the samples were randomly selected and used in the training set while the remaining 30% constituted the validation set. The operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) assessment staging system was used to stratify the presence/absence and risk level of precancerous lesions. Patients with OLGIM stages III-IV were considered to be at high risk. RESULTS According to the GCMS results, patients with cancer as well as those at high risk had distinctive breath-print compositions. Eight significant volatile organic compounds (p value<0.017) were detected in exhaled breath in the different comparisons. The nanoarray analysis made it possible to discriminate between the patients with GC and the control group (OLGIM 0-IV) with 73% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 92% accuracy. The classification sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between the subgroups was as follows: GC versus OLGIM 0-II-97%, 84% and 87%; GC versus OLGIM III-IV-93%, 80% and 90%; but OLGIM I-II versus OLGIM III-IV and dysplasia combined-83%, 60% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nanoarray analysis could provide the missing non-invasive screening tool for GC and related precancerous lesions as well as for surveillance of the latter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT01420588 (3/11/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Amal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcis Leja
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Konrads Funka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Skapars
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Sivins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Guntis Ancans
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inta Liepniece-Karele
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Department of Research, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia Academic Histology laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Lasina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Vishinkin R, Haick H. Nanoscale Sensor Technologies for Disease Detection via Volatolomics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:6142-64. [PMID: 26448487 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of many diseases is missed because of delayed diagnoses or the low efficacy of some treatments. This emphasizes the urgent need for inexpensive and minimally invasive technologies that would allow efficient early detection, stratifying the population for personalized therapy, and improving the efficacy of rapid bed-side assessment of treatment. An emerging approach that has a high potential to fulfill these needs is based on so-called "volatolomics", namely, chemical processes involving profiles of highly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from body fluids, including breath, skin, urine and blood. This article presents a didactic review of some of the main advances related to the use of nanomaterial-based solid-state and flexible sensors, and related artificially intelligent sensing arrays for the detection and monitoring of disease with volatolomics. The article attempts to review the technological gaps and confounding factors related to VOC testing. Different ways to choose nanomaterial-based sensors are discussed, while considering the profiles of targeted volatile markers and possible limitations of applying the sensing approach. Perspectives for taking volatolomics to a new level in the field of diagnostics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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5
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Broza YY, Mochalski P, Ruzsanyi V, Amann A, Haick H. Hybrid volatolomics and disease detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11036-48. [PMID: 26235374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review presents a concise, but not exhaustive, didactic overview of some of the main concepts and approaches related to "volatolomics"-an emerging frontier for fast, risk-free, and potentially inexpensive diagnostics. It attempts to review the source and characteristics of volatolomics through the so-called volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from cells and their microenvironment. It also reviews the existence of VOCs in several bodily fluids, including the cellular environment, blood, breath, skin, feces, urine, and saliva. Finally, the usefulness of volatolomics for diagnosis from a single bodily fluid, as well as ways to improve these diagnostic aspects by "hybrid" approaches that combine VOC profiles collected from two or more bodily fluids, will be discussed. The perspectives of this approach in developing the field of diagnostics to a new level are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y Broza
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 (Israel)
| | - Pawel Mochalski
- Breath Research Institute and University-Clinic for Anesthesia, The University of Innsbruck and Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Vera Ruzsanyi
- Breath Research Institute and University-Clinic for Anesthesia, The University of Innsbruck and Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Anton Amann
- Breath Research Institute and University-Clinic for Anesthesia, The University of Innsbruck and Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 (Israel).
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6
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Broza YY, Mochalski P, Ruzsanyi V, Amann A, Haick H. Hybride Volatolomik und der Nachweis von Krankheiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Haick H, Broza YY, Mochalski P, Ruzsanyi V, Amann A. Assessment, origin, and implementation of breath volatile cancer markers. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1423-49. [PMID: 24305596 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new non-invasive and potentially inexpensive frontier in the diagnosis of cancer relies on the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath samples. Breath can be sampled and analyzed in real-time, leading to fascinating and cost-effective clinical diagnostic procedures. Nevertheless, breath analysis is a very young field of research and faces challenges, mainly because the biochemical mechanisms behind the cancer-related VOCs are largely unknown. In this review, we present a list of 115 validated cancer-related VOCs published in the literature during the past decade, and classify them with respect to their "fat-to-blood" and "blood-to-air" partition coefficients. These partition coefficients provide an estimation of the relative concentrations of VOCs in alveolar breath, in blood and in the fat compartments of the human body. Additionally, we try to clarify controversial issues concerning possible experimental malpractice in the field, and propose ways to translate the basic science results as well as the mechanistic understanding to tools (sensors) that could serve as point-of-care diagnostics of cancer. We end this review with a conclusion and a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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Hakim M, Broza YY, Barash O, Peled N, Phillips M, Amann A, Haick H. Volatile organic compounds of lung cancer and possible biochemical pathways. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5949-66. [PMID: 22991938 DOI: 10.1021/cr300174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meggie Hakim
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Kasai H, Kawai K, Li YS. DNA Methylation at the C-5 Position of Cytosine by a Methyl Radical: A Link between Environmental Agents and Epigenetic Change. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Structural and biological impact of radical addition reactions with DNA nucleobases. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Zhaorigetu S, Sasaki M, Watanabe H, Kato N. Supplemental silk protein, sericin, suppresses colon tumorigenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice by reducing oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2181-6. [PMID: 11758907 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to discover the underlying mechanism of the inhibitory effect of sericin against colon tumorigenesis. Mice were fed a diet with 30 g/kg sericin for 115 d, and given a weekly injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (10 mg/kg body weight) for the initial 10 wk. Dietary supplemental sericin caused a 62% reduction in the incidence of colonic adenoma (P<0.05), but did not affect the incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma. Sericin intake significantly reduced the number of colon adenomas. Consumption of sericin significantly reduced the BrdU labeling index of colonic proliferating cells and the expression of colonic c-myc and c-fos. The levels of colonic 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein were significantly suppressed by sericin. The results suggest that dietary sericin suppresses the development of colon tumors by reducing oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhaorigetu
- Faculty of Applied Biochemistry, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Choudhary G, Hansen H. Human health perspective on environmental exposure to hydrazines: a review. CHEMOSPHERE 1998; 37:801-843. [PMID: 9717244 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazines are colorless liquid compounds that have been found at various Department of Defense hazardous waste sites. They are designated as environmental contaminants causing adverse effects to public health and have been identified at many National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites and federal facilities sites in the United States. Three chemically similar hydrazines-hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine--occur in the environment and cause adverse health effects to persons living near hazardous waste sites. Humans are exposed to hydrazines by drinking contaminated, water, by inhaling contaminated air, or by swallowing or touching contaminated dust. Human occupational data and studies in laboratory animals suggest that people exposed to hydrazines may develop adverse systemic health effects or cancer. Hydrazines have caused cancer in animals following acute- or intermediate- duration exposure by the oral and inhalation routes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the World Health Organization have classified hydrazines as possible cancer-causing environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Choudhary
- Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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13
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Lii CK, Ko JJ, Chen HW. No inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci by vitamin E with or without phenobarbital. Nutr Cancer 1997; 27:200-5. [PMID: 9121950 DOI: 10.1080/01635589709514525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of vitamin E on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci, with or without phenobarbital, was investigated. Groups of six female Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (15 mg/kg) at 24 hours of age. After weaning, they were fed diets with 10% (wt/wt) fish oil; the diets contained 0, 5,000 or 15,000 ppm vitamin E supplementation with or without phenobarbital (500 ppm) for six months. Phenobarbital significantly increased liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of body weight (p < 0.05), suggesting a liver hypertrophic effect of phenobarbital. Phenobarbital significantly decreased hepatic phospholipid arachidonate, eicosapentaenoate, and docosahexaenoate (p < 0.05); this may indicate that phenobarbital stimulates phospholipase A2 activity and results in the increased release of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids and the decrease of hepatic phospholipid polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio. In rats fed phenobarbital, hepatic vitamin E content was lower than in rats fed no phenobarbital; this suggests that phenobarbital causes oxidative stress or induces enzymes that metabolize the vitamin. Phenobarbital exposure significantly increased hepatic prostaglandin F2 alpha and glutathione S-transferase activity (p < 0.05). Vitamin E did not influence hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci area and number with or without phenobarbital, and phenobarbital showed a strong promoting action on enzyme-altered hepatic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lii
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Kneepkens CM, Lepage G, Roy CC. The potential of the hydrocarbon breath test as a measure of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 17:127-60. [PMID: 7959173 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons ethane and pentane have been advocated as noninvasive markers of free-radical induced lipid peroxidation in humans. In in vitro studies, the evolution of ethane and pentane as end products of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively, correlates very well with other markers of lipid peroxidation and even seems to be the most sensitive test available. In laboratory animals the use of both hydrocarbons as in vivo markers of lipid peroxidation has been validated extensively. Although there are other possible sources of hydrocarbons in the body, such as protein oxidation and colonic bacterial metabolism, these apparently are of limited importance and do not interfere with the interpretation of the hydrocarbon breath test. The production of hydrocarbons relative to that of other end products of lipid peroxidation depends on variables that are difficult to control, such as the local availability of iron(II) ions and dioxygen. In addition, hydrocarbons are metabolized in the body, which especially influences the excretion of pentane. Because of the extremely low concentrations of ethane and pentane in human breath, which often are not significantly higher than those in ambient air, the hydrocarbon breath test requires a flawless technique regarding such factors as: (1) the preparation of the subject with hydrocarbon-free air to wash out ambient air hydrocarbons from the lungs, (2) the avoidance of ambient air contamination of the breath sample by using appropriate materials for sampling and storing, and (3) the procedures used to concentrate and filter the samples prior to gas chromatographic determination. For the gas chromatographic separation of hydrocarbons, open tubular capillary columns are preferred because of their high resolution capacity. Only in those settings where expired hydrocarbon levels are substantially higher than ambient air levels might washout prove to be unnecessary, at least in adults. Although many investigators have concentrated on one marker, it seems preferable to measure both ethane and pentane concurrently. The results of the hydrocarbon breath test are not influenced by prior food consumption, but both vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation decrease hydrocarbon excretion. Nevertheless, the long-term use of a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as in parenteral nutrition regimens, may result in increased hydrocarbon exhalation. Hydrocarbon excretion slightly increases with increasing age. Short-term increases follow physical and intellectual stress and exposure to hyperbaric dioxygen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kneepkens
- Gastroenterology-Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Kang JO. Alkylation of purine bases by carbon-centered radicals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 366:422-3. [PMID: 7539575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1833-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J O Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA
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16
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Abstract
Although carbon-centered radicals are formed during the metabolism of several genotoxic compounds, they have received little attention as DNA damaging agents. Carbon-centered radicals, however, can both cleave the DNA backbone and alkylate DNA bases, as has been demonstrated to occur in chemical and biochemical systems. Also, in vivo DNA alkylation by methyl radicals has been evidenced by isolation of C8-methylguanine in hydrolysates of DNA from rats administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. While most of the studies related to DNA damage by free radicals have been focused on oxyradicals, further studies on DNA alterations promoted by carbon-centered radicals may be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action of chemical mutagens and carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Augusto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Identification of C8-methylguanine in the hydrolysates of DNA from rats administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Evidence for in vivo DNA alkylation by methyl radicals. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Formation of 8-methylguanine as a result of DNA alkylation by methyl radicals generated during horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of methylhydrazine. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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