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Tabarean IV. Activation of Preoptic Arginine Vasopressin Neurons Induces Hyperthermia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6010022. [PMID: 33249461 PMCID: PMC7758908 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide acting as a neuromodulator in the brain and plays multiple roles, including a thermoregulatory one. However, the cellular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Carried out are patch clamp recordings and calcium imaging combined with pharmacological tools and single-cell RT-PCR to dissect the signaling mechanisms activated by AVP. Optogenetics combined with patch-clamp recordings were used to determine the neurochemical nature of these neurons. Also used is telemetry combined with chemogenetics to study the effect of activation of AVP neurons in thermoregulatory mechanisms. This article reports that AVP neurons in the medial preoptic (MPO) area release GABA and display thermosensitive firing activity. Their optogenetic stimulation results in a decrease of the firing rates of MPO pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) neurons. Local application of AVP potently modulates the synaptic inputs of PACAP neurons, by activating neuronal AVPr1a receptors and astrocytic AVPr1b receptors. Chemogenetic activation of MPO AVP neurons induces hyperthermia. Chemogenetic activation of all AVP neurons in the brain similarly induces hyperthermia and, in addition, decreases the endotoxin activated fever as well as the stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iustin V Tabarean
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Iustin Tabarean, PhD, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Soares DM, Cristofoletti R, Melo MCC, Lindsey CJ, Veiga-Souza FH, Fabricio AS, Souza GE. Cyclooxygenase-independent mechanism of ibuprofen-induced antipyresis: the role of central vasopressin V1 receptors. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 25:670-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma HS, Johanson CE. Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in hyperthermia. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 162:459-78. [PMID: 17645933 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)62023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) in choroid plexus works with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in cerebral capillaries to stabilize the fluid environment of neurons. Dysfunction of either transport interface, i.e., BCSFB or BBB, causes augmented fluxes of ions, water and proteins into the CNS. These barrier disruptions lead to problems with edema and other compromised homeostatic mechanisms. Hyperthermic effects on BCSFB permeability and transport are not as well known as for BBB. However, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that elevated prostaglandin synthesis from fever/heat activation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) in the BCSFB promotes water and ion transfer from plasma to the ventricles; this harmful fluid movement into the CSF-brain interior can be attenuated by agents that inhibit the COXs. Moreover, new functional data from our laboratory animal model indicate that the BCSFB (choroidal epithelium) and the CSF-bordering ependymal cells are vulnerable to whole body hyperthermia (WBH). This is evidenced from the fact that rats subjected to 4h of heat stress (38 degrees C) showed a significant increase in the translocation of Evans blue and (131)Iodine from plasma to cisternal CSF, and manifested blue staining of the dorsal surface of the hippocampus and caudate nucleus. Degeneration of choroidal epithelial cells and underlying ependyma, a dilated ventricular space and damage to the underlying neuropil were frequent. A disrupted BCSFB is associated with a marked increase in edema formation in the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, thalamus and hypothalamus. Taken together, these findings suggest that the breaching of the BCSFB in hyperthermia significantly contributes to cell and tissue injuries in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and blunts the energetically costly responses to hypoxia. The mechanisms of anapyrexia are of intense interest to physiologists. Several substances, among them lactate, adenosine, opioids, and nitric oxide, have been suggested as putative mediators of anapyrexia, and most appear to act in the central nervous system. Moreover, there is evidence that the drop in body temperature in response to hypoxia, unlike the ventilatory response to hypoxia, does not depend on the activation of peripheral chemoreceptors. The current knowledge of the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced anapyrexia are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Eliason HL, Fewell JE. AVP mediates the attenuated febrile response to administration of PGE1 in rats near term of pregnancy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:R691-6. [PMID: 9728064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.3.r691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rats have an attenuated febrile response to intracerebroventricular injection of PGE1 near the term of pregnancy, the mechanism of which is unknown. The present experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that arginine vasopressin (AVP), functioning as an endogenous antipyretic substance in the central nervous system, mediates this attenuated febrile response. The febrile response to intracerebroventricular injection of 0.2 microg PGE1 was determined in pregnant and nonpregnant rats after an intracerebroventricular injection of either vehicle or a vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist. After intracerebroventricular administration of vehicle, intracerebroventricular administration of 0.2 microg PGE1 produced significant increases in core temperature in both nonpregnant and pregnant animals. The increase in core temperature, however, was attenuated both in magnitude and duration in pregnant compared with nonpregnant animals. After intracerebroventricular administration of a vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist, intracerebroventricular administration of 0.2 microg PGE1 produced significant increases in core temperature that were similar in nonpregnant and pregnant animals. Our data support the hypothesis that a pregnancy-related activation of AVP as an endogenous antipyretic substance in the central nervous system attenuates the febrile response to intracerebroventricular administration of PGE1 near term of pregnancy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Eliason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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Parrott RF, Vellucci SV. Effects of testosterone on fever and vasopressin mRNA in wether sheep given endotoxin. Res Vet Sci 1997; 63:129-31. [PMID: 9429245 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of testosterone on the febrile response of castrated rams to immunological challenge. Core temperature was recorded by radiotelemetry in wethers (n = 6) injected with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin or saline before and after androgen treatment. The number of cells expressing vasopressin mRNA in the brain region implicated in the anti-pyretic response, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, was determined by in situ hybridisation histochemistry. Endotoxin, but not androgen, increased vasopressin message (P < 0.05), and androgen also did not alter basal or febrile temperatures. Hence, these preliminary findings question whether the androgen-dependent anti-pyretic mechanism described in the male rat is of physiological significance in the ram.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Parrott
- MAFF Welfare and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge
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Eliason HL, Fewell JE. Influence of pregnancy on the febrile response to ICV administration of PGE1 in rats studied in a thermocline. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 82:1453-8. [PMID: 9134892 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats near term of pregnancy have an attenuated febrile response to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) when they are studied at an ambient temperature below their thermoneutral zone. Given that nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is impaired in rodents near term of pregnancy, it is possible that the attenuated febrile response is forced by impairment of this component of the autonomic thermoregulatory response. If this were the case, then near-term pregnant rats should develop a "normal" fever after PGE1 administration if they were studied in a thermocline where they could utilize behavioral as well as autonomic thermoregulatory effectors to increase their body core temperature (Tbc). Experiments were, therefore, carried out on 13 nonpregnant and 14 pregnant chronically instrumented rats in a thermocline (temperature gradient 10-40 degrees C) to investigate their Tbc responses to ICV injection of PGE1. ICV injection of 0.2 microgram PGE1 produced significant increases in Tbc and fever index in both nonpregnant and pregnant animals (day 19 of gestation); the increases, however, were significantly attenuated in the pregnant compared with the nonpregnant rats. Behavioral (e.g., selected ambient temperature) and autonomic (e.g., oxygen consumption) thermoregulatory effectors were activated to increase Tbc after ICV PGE1 in both groups of animals, but the duration of activation was shortened in pregnant compared with nonpregnant rats. The abbreviated thermoregulatory effector responses and the resulting attenuated febrile response to PGE1 in the pregnant rats may have resulted from a pregnancy-related activation of an endogenous antipyretic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Eliason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fewell JE, Tang PA. Pregnancy alters body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 82:1406-10. [PMID: 9134885 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of a rat to a novel environment (e.g., a simulated open field) induces a transient increase in body-core temperature, which is often called stress-induced hyperthermia. Although pregnancy is known to influence thermoregulatory control, its effect on stress-induced hyperthermia is unknown. Therefore, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (8 nonpregnant and 16 pregnant) were studied to test the hypothesis that pregnancy would alter the development of stress-induced hyperthermia after exposure to a simulated open field. Body-core temperature index increased significantly after exposure to a simulated open field in nonpregnant and gestation day-10 rats but not in gestation day-15 and day-20 rats. Thus our data provide evidence that pregnancy influences the body-core temperature response of rats exposed to a simulated open field in a gestation-dependent fashion. The functional consequences as well as the mechanisms involved remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fewell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary Health Sciences Center, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), a cytokine acting as an endogenous pyrogen and a putative activator of the opioid system, binds to opiate receptors in vitro. The mu opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride (NLX), attenuates IFN-alpha-induced increases in the firing rate of cold-sensitive neurons within thermosensitive areas of the brain. The influence of NLX on fevers induced by central endogenous pyrogens was investigated in rats. Subcutaneous (SQ) injection of NLX (1 mg/kg) was made 30 min prior to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of IFN-alpha 2b (7900IU). Alternatively, NLX (10 or 80 micrograms) was microinjected ICV 30 min prior to administration of IFN-alpha 2b. Administered SQ, NLX attenuated the febrile response to IFN-alpha 2b. In contrast, central (ICV) NLX did not attenuate fevers induced by IFN-alpha 2b. Animals previously exposed to both IFN-alpha 2b and NLX (SQ or ICV) subsequently lost their sensitivity to this cytokine, and also showed diminished reactivity to human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta; 10 ng) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 250 ng). These results suggest that systemic and central elements of the opioid system may play differential roles in temperature regulation. Previous administration of NLX and IFN-alpha 2b may alter the sensitivity of the CNS to subsequent injections of different pyrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Zawada
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262, USA
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Claudia Terlouw E, Kent S, Cremona S, Dantzer R. Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of vasopressin on stress-induced hyperthermia in rats. Physiol Behav 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The present review distinguishes pathogenic, neurogenic, and psychogenic fever, but focuses largely on pathogenic fever, the hallmark of infectious disease. The data presented show that a complex cascade of events underlies pathogenic fever, which in broad outline - and with frank disregard of contradictory data - can be described as follows. An invading microorganism releases endotoxin that stimulates macrophages to synthesize a variety of pyrogenic compounds called cytokines. Carried in blood, these cytokines reach the perivascular spaces of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and other regions near the brain where they promote the synthesis and release of prostaglandin (PGE2). This prostaglandin then penetrates the blood-brain barrier to evoke the autonomic and behavioral responses characteristic of fever. But then once expressed, fever does not continue unchecked; endogenous antipyretics likely act on the septum to limit the rise in body temperature. The present review also examines fever-resistance in neonates, the blunting of fever in the aged, and the behaviorally induced rise in body temperature following infection in ectotherms. And finally it takes up the question of whether fever enhances immune responsiveness, and through such enhancement contributes to host survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moltz
- University of Chicago, IL 60637
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Kimura T, Yamamoto T, Ota K, Shoji M, Inoue M, Sato K, Ohta M, Funyu T, Yoshinaga K. Central effects of interleukin-1 on blood pressure, thermogenesis, and the release of vasopressin, ACTH, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 689:330-45. [PMID: 8396869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb55558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To assess the central role of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) in the release of ACTH, vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and in the regulation of blood pressure and thermogenesis, 3 ng (0.173 pM) x 100-1 x BW-1 (LIL), 30 ng (1.73 pM) x 100g-1 x BW-1 (MIL), and 150 ng (8.63 pM) x 100g-1 x BW-1 (HIL) of human IL-1 beta dissolved in sterile saline were injected intracerebroventricularly to conscious rats. In the control rats, saline alone (5 microliters) was administered. In three other groups, rats were pretreated with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, given i.v. (1 mg x 100g-1 x BW-1); medium and high doses of IL-1 beta or its vehicle were given. In the LIL group, IL-1 beta increased blood pressure, body temperature and plasma AVP and ANP without any changes in heart rate (HR) and plasma ACTH. In the MIL group, plasma ACTH was increased, and changes in the other parameters were similar to those in the LIL group. In the HIL group, however, the pressor and thermogenetic responses were attenuated; plasma AVP, ACTH, and ANP were increased; and HR was unchanged. In the control (CON) group, none of these parameters was changed throughout the studies. Indomethacin abolished the AVP and ACTH responses to IL-1 beta, but potentiated the pressor and hypothermic responses and increased plasma ANP. These data suggest that the actions of IL-1 beta on AVP and ACTH release and thermogenesis, but not on blood pressure and the release of ANP, are modulated by the stimulated central production of prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) perfused within the ventral septal area (VSA) suppresses fever normally evoked by pyrogenic substances, including Salmonella abortus equi (SAE). Neurons containing AVP and located within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or the nearby bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BnST) are believed to have projections to this septal region. A series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether electrical stimulation of these areas, which might be expected to cause the release of AVP within the VSA, would affect similarly the pathogenesis of fever. A stainless steel cannula was implanted surgically in each of 22 male New Zealand White rabbits and a monopolar electrode was lowered through this guide cannula to the PVN or BnST areas. Electrical stimulation (20 Hz, 10 s on, 10 s off, 2.6-3.2 V) was initiated 30 min prior to and was continued until 90 min after the intravenous (i.v.) administration of 0.1-1.0 micrograms of SAE (1.0 ml carrier vehicle). While afebrile body temperature remained unchanged, electrical stimulation of sites located in the rostral extension of the PVN effectively attenuated the pyrogen-induced fever. Stimulation of sites outside these areas did not affect either the absolute magnitude or the duration of the fever. Although the reduction in fever was most pronounced during the period of electrical stimulation, in some cases the fever remained suppressed beyond the application of the current. These experiments provide the first evidence that electrical stimulation of paraventricular areas with AVP-containing cell bodies is effective in suppressing a fever evoked by systemic administration of a pyrogen. Although untested, it is possible that a stimulus-induced release of AVP within the VSA is responsible for the attenuation of the fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Ruwe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205
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Federico P, Malkinson TJ, Cooper KE, Pittman QJ, Veale WL. Vasopressin perfusion within the medial amygdaloid nucleus attenuates prostaglandin fever in the urethane-anaesthetized rat. Brain Res 1992; 587:319-26. [PMID: 1525665 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The antipyretic effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) introduced into the ventral septal area (VSA) by push-pull perfusion was investigated in the urethane-anaesthetized rat. In addition, experiments were carried out to determine whether AVP could suppress fever when similarly perfused within the medial amygdaloid nucleus (meA). During push-pull perfusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid within the VSA or meA, PGE1 injected intracerebroventricularly evoked fevers with respective magnitudes of 1.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C and 1.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C above baseline. Perfusion of AVP (6.5 micrograms/ml) within the VSA had significantly reduced the magnitude of PGE1 fever to 0.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C above baseline, while having no significant effect on afebrile colonic temperature. Perfusion of AVP (6.5 micrograms/ml) within the meA had significantly attenuated the magnitude of PGE1 fever to 0.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C above baseline, while having no significant effect on afebrile colonic temperature. These results support further the utility of the urethane-anaesthetized rat model for future investigations of the central control of fever and antipyresis. In addition, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that AVP may act within the meA as an endogenous antipyretic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Federico
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Elands J, de Kloet ER, de Wied D. Neurohypophyseal hormone receptors: relation to behavior. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1992; 91:459-64. [PMID: 1329149 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Elands
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Irvin RW, Szot P, Dorsa DM, Potegal M, Ferris CF. Vasopressin in the septal area of the golden hamster controls scent marking and grooming. Physiol Behav 1990; 48:693-9. [PMID: 2082369 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90213-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microinjection of arginine vasopressin into the lateral septum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of male hamsters stimulates intense flank marking and flank gland grooming, while microinjections of vasopressin in sites immediately adjacent to these areas or in the lateral ventricle are ineffective. Microinjections of oxytocin, angiotensin II and the behaviorally active C-terminal fragment of vasopressin, metabolite neuropeptide, by comparison, do not stimulate flank marking. Effective sites for vasopressin injection are clearly superimposable upon autoradiographically defined sites of high V1-receptor density. Furthermore, vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the lateral septum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are necessary for the expression of naturally elicited flank marking since the microinjection of a V1-receptor antagonist into these sites was able to temporarily block flank marking triggered by odors from conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Irvin
- Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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Martin SM, Malkinson TJ, Veale WL, Pittman QJ. Depletion of brain alpha-MSH alters prostaglandin and interleukin fever in rats. Brain Res 1990; 526:351-4. [PMID: 2175244 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91246-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), a putative endogenous antipyretic agent, is synthesized largely within neurons in the arcuate nucleus. To test the hypothesis that destruction of this area would increase the febrile response, male Wistar rats, treated as neonates with intraperitoneal injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) or saline, were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of prostaglandin E1 (20 ng; 200 ng) or purified interleukin-1 (20 U) and body temperature was monitored. The fevers displayed by the MSG-treated animals were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than those of the controls for the lower dose of PGE1 at 10-30 min and for IL-1 at 3-6 h after the injections. MSG-treated rats showed significant reduction (P less than 0.01) in alpha-MSH content of the medial basal hypothalamus and lateral septum when compared to saline controls. Body temperature response of non-febrile animals to high ambient temperature was not affected by the MSG treatment. These data support the hypothesis that alpha-MSH is an endogenous antipyretic in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Martin
- Biology Department, Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax, N.S., Canada
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Fyda DM, Mathieson WB, Cooper KE, Veale WL. The effectiveness of arginine vasopressin and sodium salicylate as antipyretics in the Brattleboro rat. Brain Res 1990; 512:243-7. [PMID: 2354361 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90632-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The infusion of either 30 micrograms/microliters (approx. 100 micrograms/kg/h) of sodium salicylate or 10 ng/microliters (10(-5) M) arginine vasopressin within the ventral septal area of the Brattleboro rat brain reduced a centrally induced prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia when compared with infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Conversely, the infusion of a related peptide, oxytocin (10 ng/microliters (10(-5) M), or 33 ng/kg/h) failed to alter the rise in core temperature following the PGE1 injection. These results suggest that the vasopressin receptors reported to be present in the Brattleboro rat may respond normally to exogenously administered vasopressin, thus allowing for the antipyretic action. Moreover, the antipyretic effects of sodium salicylate suggest that aspirin-like drugs may induce the release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone which, in turn, attenuates the PGE1-evoked fever. Given recent evidence, however, which suggests that the Brattleboro rat may contain vasopressin both peripherally and within the brain, the antipyretic action of sodium salicylate may be alternatively explained through the endogenous release of vasopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Fyda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada
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Moltz H. E-series prostaglandins and arginine vasopressin in the modulation of male sexual behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1990; 14:109-15. [PMID: 2183096 DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies carried out recently in the author's laboratory have suggested that fever accompanies copulation in the male rat. Given the action of prostaglandin-E (PGE) in the genesis of fever and given the integrative role of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) in the expression of both fever and male sexual behavior, two hypotheses were advanced concerning male copulation. The first concerns PGE in facilitating transmission in MPOA pathways mediating mounting, intromission and ejaculation. The second concerns arginine vasopressin, a presumed "natural antagonist" of PGE, in inhibiting such transmission and eventually making the male refractory to the receptive female. Several experiments were suggested for testing each hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moltz
- University of Chicago, IL 60615
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20
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Pittman QJ, Thornhill JA. Neuropeptide Mechanisms Affecting Temperature Control. BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75837-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kasting NW, Wilkinson MF. Antipyretic doses of centrally administered vasopressin reach physiologically meaningful concentrations in the brain of the rat as evaluated by microdialysis. Neurosci Lett 1989; 105:131-6. [PMID: 2485876 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It was important to determine whether vasopressin (AVP) injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in the rat reached the site of action within the ventral septal area (VSA) in sufficient concentrations to account for its physiological effects. Microdialysis was used to evaluate this hypothesis. The exchange rate across the dialysis tubing was determined in vitro to be 0.40%. After placement of the microdialysis cannula in the VSA of the rat the recovery of i.c.v. injected labelled or cold AVP was 0.23 and 0.20%, respectively. Maximum concentrations of AVP in the extracellular fluid of the VSA was determined to be 10.7 nM after 10 ng i.c.v. and hence extrapolated to be 1.07 nM after 1 ng i.c.v. or 2.65 nM after 2.5 ng i.c.v. between which lies the threshold dose of AVP for its antipyretic effects. This can be compared with a reported Kd for these receptors of 1.06 nM as determined by receptor binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Kasting
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Fyda DM, Cooper KE, Veale WL. Indomethacin-induced antipyresis in the rat: role of vasopressin receptors. Brain Res 1989; 494:307-14. [PMID: 2528390 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infusion of 15 micrograms/microliters (approximately 120 micrograms/kg/h) of indomethacin within the ventral septal area of the rat brain significantly reduced a centrally induced prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia when compared with infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. A bolus injection of a V1 receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Try(Me)AVP, (200, 2000, or 20,000 pmol) within the ventral septal area had no effect of body temperature alone but did suppress the PGE1-induced fever. Similar bolus injections of the V1 receptor antagonist within the ventral septal area failed to alter the antipyretic action of indomethacin on the hyperthermia resulting from centrally administered PGE1. Central injections of a V2 receptor antagonist failed to alter either the PGE1-induced fever or the indomethacin-evoked antipyresis. The results suggest that the V1 receptor antagonist may exert non-specific neurodepressant effects which may interfere with the expression or production of PGE1 hyperthermia and may further mask any contribution of arginine vasopressin to the antipyretic effects of indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Fyda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada
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23
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Mathieson WB, Federico P, Veale WL, Pittman QJ. Single-unit activity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis during fever. Brain Res 1989; 486:49-55. [PMID: 2720434 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin, released from nerve terminals in the septal region, probably exerts endogenous antipyretic activity. A major source of vasopressin to this area is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). In order to characterize electrophysiologically the BST-septal pathway and its potential role in the control of fever, single-unit, extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the BST of anesthetized rats. Afferent and efferent connections were identified by electrical stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus and the ventral septal area (VSA). BST neurons received both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic input from the amygdala and VSA. Efferents to the VSA were identified by stimulus-evoked antidromic spike invasion. Some BST neurons were responsive to peripheral skin temperature (thermoresponsive). The activity of putative vasopressin neurons was studied during prostaglandin E1-induced fever. Although a majority of BST units was unaffected by fever, a proportion of the cells examined increased their firing rates in accordance with reported release of vasopressin in the VSA during fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Mathieson
- Neuroscience Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada
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24
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Miller MA, Vician L, Clifton DK, Dorsa DM. Sex differences in vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis by in situ hybridization. Peptides 1989; 10:615-9. [PMID: 2780420 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(89)90152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether a sex difference exists in the biosynthetic capacity of vasopressingergic (AVP) neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), we have used in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography to measure propressophysin messenger RNA levels in these cells from adult male and female rats. We have found that significantly more (p less than 0.01) neurons are labeled in male rats than in female rats and that these labeled cells averaged more grains/cell (p less than 0.05) in males than in females. Therefore, the sexual dimorphism of AVP pathways in the BNST and lateral septum recently shown by immunohistochemistry results from a sex difference in the biosynthetic capacity of these AVP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Miller
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Seattle, WA
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25
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Kasting NW. Criteria for establishing a physiological role for brain peptides. A case in point: the role of vasopressin in thermoregulation during fever and antipyresis. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1989; 14:143-53. [PMID: 2665889 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(89)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper has attempted to present and discuss the criteria necessary for the evaluation of a specific physiological role for a peptide in the CNS. These criteria are based on many experimental approaches to the problem and conclusions must be supported by the weight of the evidence. These criteria were illustrated by examining the hypothesis that AVP is an antipyretic neurotransmitter involved in regulating febrile increases in Tb by release and action in the VSA of the brain. The weight of the evidence in this case implies that this hypothesis is essentially correct. The only serious conflicting evidence comes from the work with Brattleboro rats. It is hoped that further research will resolve these discrepancies or result in a suitably modified hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Kasting
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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26
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Alexander SJ, Cooper KE, Veale WL. Sodium salicylate: alternate mechanism of central antipyretic action in the rat. Pflugers Arch 1989; 413:451-5. [PMID: 2740200 DOI: 10.1007/bf00594172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infusion of sodium salicylate (50.0 or 100.0 micrograms/microliters) into the ventral septal area (VSA) of the rat brain suppressed Prostaglandin-E1-induced hyperthermia. Infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or 10.0 micrograms doses of salicylate did not. The suppression of intracerebroventricularly-induced (icv) Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia was not due to a hypothermic action of salicylate since salicylate infusions given during cold exposure (10.0 degrees C) did not lower core body temperatures. A possible interaction between salicylate and endogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) was investigated. Infusion of both salicylate (50.0 micrograms/microliters) and either AVP antiserum or AVP antagonist into the VSA resulted in PGE hyperthermias occurring at levels which were not different from control levels as opposed to enhanced hyperthermia (antiserum or antagonist alone) or suppressed hyperthermia (salicylate alone). These results are consistent with the notion that sodium salicylate infusions within the VSA enhance AVP action and thus bring about the attenuation of PGE-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Alexander
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Raggenbass M, Dubois-Dauphin M, Tribollet E, Dreifuss JJ. Direct excitatory action of vasopressin in the lateral septum of the rat brain. Brain Res 1988; 459:60-9. [PMID: 3167583 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological action of arginine vasopressin on neurones in the lateral septum of the rat brain was studied using extracellular recordings and the in vitro brain slice technique. Of 177 neurones tested in the presence of vasopressin at 1-1000 nM, 77 (about 44%) responded by a reversible increase in firing rate, 12 (about 7%) were inhibited and the remaining were not affected. The lowest peptide concentration effective in exciting septal neurones ranged between 1 and 50 nM, and the magnitude of the excitatory effect was concentration dependent. At high vasopressin concentrations, the peptide-induced excitation was often followed by a transient pause in firing; this was probably due to action potential inactivation, brought about by the vasopressin-induced neuronal membrane depolarization. The excitatory effect of vasopressin was postsynaptic, since it was not abolished following synaptic blockade in a low calcium-high magnesium perifusion solution. A comparison of the effects of vasopressin and oxytocin suggested that most of the septal vasopressin-sensitive neurones are endowed with vasopressin receptors, whereas a minority of them bear oxytocin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raggenbass
- Department of Physiology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Martin SM, Malkinson TJ, Veale WL, Pittman QJ. Prostaglandin fever in rats is altered by kainic acid lesions of the ventral septal area. Brain Res 1988; 455:196-200. [PMID: 3416188 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ventral septal area (VSA) has been shown to be a region within the rat brain where arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts to reduce fever. To test the hypothesis that destruction of this area would affect the magnitude of the febrile response, body temperature was monitored in male, Wistar rats given intracerebroventricular injections of prostaglandin E1 (200 ng) and saline (10 microliter) before and after bilateral injections of kainic acid (KA) or of saline vehicle into the VSA. While fever heights were unaffected by the lesion, fever in the KA-lesioned animals remained significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) for 1 h after the peak response. There was no significant difference in the fever responses displayed by sham-lesioned animals. The body temperature response of non-febrile animals to high or low ambient temperature was unaffected by the lesions. The enhanced fever following the KA lesion, but not sham lesions of the VSA would support the hypothesis that this region is involved in endogenous suppression of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Martin
- Biology Department, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
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29
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Pittman QJ, Naylor A, Poulin P, Disturnal J, Veale WL, Martin SM, Malkinson TJ, Mathieson B. The role of vasopressin as an antipyretic in the ventral septal area and its possible involvement in convulsive disorders. Brain Res Bull 1988; 20:887-92. [PMID: 3044528 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(88)90106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion of the peptide, arginine vasopressin (AVP), within the ventral septal area (VSA) of the brain of a number of species reduces fever but not normal body temperature. This antipyretic response appears to be mediated by AVP receptors of the V1 subtype. Lesions of the VSA with kainic acid are associated with prolonged and enhanced fevers in rats. A role for endogenous AVP in fever suppression within the VSA comes from several types of experiments: (1) AVP release within the VSA is inversely correlated to fever height; (2) AVP antagonists or antiserum injected into the VSA prolong fever; (3) animals lacking endogenous AVP in the VSA (Brattleboro rat, long-term castrated rat) develop enhanced fevers. Electrical stimulation of the AVP-containing cell bodies of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) orthodromically inhibits VSA neurons and also suppresses fever; the latter effect can be abolished with application of a V1 antagonist to the VSA. Iontophoretic studies indicate that AVP inhibits glutamate-stimulated activity of thermoresponsive and other VSA neurons. AVP can also act in the VSA to cause severe motor disturbances; this action is receptor mediated and increases in severity upon sequential exposure to AVP. Because sites of action of the antipyretic and convulsive action of AVP are similar, and because animals lacking brain AVP display reduced convulsive activity, it is possible that AVP, released during fever, could be involved in the genesis of convulsive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Pittman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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30
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Naylor AM, Pittman QJ, Veale WL. Stimulation of vasopressin release in the ventral septum of the rat brain suppresses prostaglandin E1 fever. J Physiol 1988; 399:177-89. [PMID: 3404461 PMCID: PMC1191658 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat evoked a rise in core temperature which could be attenuated by electrical stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Electrical stimulation of the BST in the absence of PGE1 did not alter body temperature in the afebrile rat. 2. When the intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) infusion of PGE1 was preceded by a bilateral injection of saline or vasopressin V2 antagonist d(CH2)5D-ValVAVP into the ventral septal area (VSA), electrical stimulation of the BST suppressed the PGE1 hyperthermia. However, when the vasopressin V1 antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP was injected into the VSA prior to I.C.V. infusion of PGE1, electrical stimulation of the BST did not alter the hyperthermic response to PGE1. 3. These actions were site specific in that the suppression of PGE1 hyperthermia was observed only when the electrode tips were located in the area of the BST. Similarly, the V1 antagonist only blocked the effect of electrical stimulation when injected into the VSA. 4. When the vasopressin V1 antagonist was injected into the VSA, the PGE1 fever was prolonged when compared to the controls with saline. 5. Injection of saline, vasopressin V1 and V2 antagonist into the VSA, without PGE1 or BST stimulation, did not evoke any significant change in the core temperature of the rats. 6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that vasopressin may function within the brain as an endogenous antipyretic and that vasopressin may act in a BST-VSA neuronal pathway concerned with endogenous antipyresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Naylor
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Poulin P, Lederis K, Pittman QJ. Subcellular localization and characterization of vasopressin binding sites in the ventral septal area, lateral septum, and hippocampus of the rat brain. J Neurochem 1988; 50:889-98. [PMID: 3339362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Arg8]-Vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to exert characteristic central physiological actions in the ventral septal area of the rat brain. This study reports the characterization of receptors for AVP in synaptic plasma membranes prepared from the ventral septal area, the lateral septum, and the hippocampus. Binding of [3H]AVP was temperature and time dependent, linearly related to protein concentration, saturable, and specific. Scatchard plot analysis suggested the presence of a population of binding sites in the three brain areas with dissociation constants and maximal binding capacities, respectively, of 1.06 +/- 0.39 nM and 24.0 +/- 7.01 fmol/mg of protein (mean +/- SEM; n = 3 for the ventral septal area, 0.92 +/- 0.13 nM and 47.0 +/- 4.96 fmol/mg of protein (n = 3) for the lateral septum, and 0.91 +/- 0.14 nM and 25 +/- 5.02 fmol/mg of protein (n = 3) for the hippocampus. In all three brain regions, the rank order of potencies of several vasopressin analogs, unrelated peptides, and other compounds for competitive displacement of ligand indicated a receptor with properties resembling those of the V1-like receptor for AVP. These data document the presence of a high-affinity, V1-like vasopressin receptor in the rat ventral septal area for which the pharmacological properties are similar to those previously reported in physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poulin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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32
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Barney CC, Homeister JW, Muiderman AK, Laman TG, Crumbaugh JS. Prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia in water or food deprived rats. Brain Res Bull 1988; 20:183-8. [PMID: 3370502 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(88)90177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 48 hours of water deprivation on the colonic temperature response to intrahypothalamic injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was investigated in adult male rats. Water deprivation did not alter colonic temperature of rats at a neutral ambient temperature. Administration of PGE1 at doses of 50, 200 and 400 ng gave rise to a short latency dose dependent hyperthermia in both control and water deprived rats. Water deprived rats had significantly greater increases in colonic temperature following the two higher doses of PGE1. Control rats and water deprived rats exposed to the cold (5 degrees C) had decreases in colonic temperature which were not significantly different. Water deprivation, which should increase the plasma levels of the putative endogenous antipyretic vasopressin, does not attenuate PGE1 hyperthermia but has a slight enhancing effect. Following food deprivation for 48 hours rats had a slight but significantly greater increase in colonic temperature following intrahypothalamic injection of 200 ng PGE1. Thus the water deprivation induced change in responsiveness to PGE1 may be due to the decrease in food intake which accompanies water deprivation. The mechanism by which rats exhibit an enhanced febrile response to PGE1 administration following food or water deprivation is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Barney
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423
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33
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Wilkinson MF, Kasting NW. Antipyresis due to centrally administered vasopressin differentially alters thermoregulatory effectors depending on the ambient temperature. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1987; 19:45-54. [PMID: 3685454 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(87)90073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP), in the febrile rat elicits an antipyresis at cold, warm and neutral ambient temperatures. These experiments were conducted, therefore, to elucidate the thermoregulatory effector mechanisms responsible for this antipyretic effect. At 25 degrees C, AVP-induced antipyresis was mediated by tail skin vasodilation while metabolic rate was unaffected. At 4 degrees C, the antipyresis produced by AVP was approximately double that seen at 25 degrees C. This effect appeared to be mediated exclusively by inhibition of heat production since the metabolic rate decreased markedly following AVP. This antipyresis at 4 degrees C was accompanied by cutaneous vasoconstriction. At 32 degrees C, neither vasomotor tone, metabolic rate nor evaporative heat loss could be shown to contribute to the small antipyretic effect elicited by AVP. We conclude from these data that i.c.v. AVP is producing antipyresis by affecting the febrile body temperature set-point mechanism since the thermoregulatory strategy to lose heat varies at different ambient temperatures and the decrease in body temperature cannot be shown to be due to changes in a single effector mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Wilkinson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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34
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Wilkinson MF, Kasting NW. The antipyretic effects of centrally administered vasopressin at different ambient temperatures. Brain Res 1987; 415:275-80. [PMID: 3496937 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antipyretic response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) was investigated at 3 ambient temperatures using unanesthetized freely behaving male rats. Responses of non-febrile and febrile rats to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of AVP and s.c. injection of indomethacin were observed at cold (4 degrees C), thermoneutral (25 degrees C) and warm (32 degrees C) ambient temperatures. In agreement with previous reports i.c.v. AVP at 25 degrees C decreased brain temperature of febrile but not non-febrile rats. This antipyretic effect was also observed at the warm ambient temperature and during cold exposure. Responses to s.c. indomethacin were qualitatively similar to i.c.v. AVP at neutral and warm temperatures. In the cold, however, indomethacin decreased the brain temperature of both non-febrile and febrile animals, although unlike AVP, brain temperature of non-febrile animals were decreased somewhat more than that of febrile animals. These data show that AVP decreases brain temperature of febrile more than non-febrile rats at all ambient temperatures and may therefore be acting partially on febrile set point. It is likewise clear that AVP affects specific effector mechanisms since antipyretic effects were of different magnitudes at different ambient temperatures. The observation that AVP and indomethacin have qualitatively similar effects on fever at the 3 ambient temperatures suggest that they may act via a common neural pathway.
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35
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Cooper KE, Naylor AM, Veale WL. Evidence supporting a role for endogenous vasopressin in fever suppression in the rat. J Physiol 1987; 387:163-72. [PMID: 3498828 PMCID: PMC1192499 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Infusion of human purified interleukin-1 into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat evoked a rise in core temperature which was abolished by heating the interleukin-1. 2. When the intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin-1 was preceded by a bilateral injection of saline into the ventral septal area, the resulting febrile response was not different from that induced by interleukin-1 alone. However, when the vasopressin V1 antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, was injected into the ventral septal area prior to interleukin-1, a fever was evoked which was significantly greater in magnitude and duration. This enhancement of fever by the V1 antagonist was dose related. 3. Injection of either saline or the V1 antagonist into the ventral septal area, in the absence of interleukin-1, did not evoke any consistent alteration in the core temperature of the rats. 4. The vasopressin V2 antagonist, d(CH2)5-D-ValVAVP, was injected into the ventral septal area to determine the effect of another vasopressin analogue on the fever evoked by interleukin-1. The V2 antagonist did not alter the time course of interleukin-1-induced fever or alter core temperature in the afebrile rat. 5. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous vasopressin, released in the ventral septal area, may be involved in limiting fever. In addition, these results indicate that the central receptor mediating the antipyretic action of vasopressin may resemble the V1 subtype of peripheral vasopressin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Cooper
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Malkinson TJ, Bridges TE, Lederis K, Veale WL. Perfusion of the septum of the rabbit with vasopressin antiserum enhances endotoxin fever. Peptides 1987; 8:385-9. [PMID: 3588348 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(87)90115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The septal region of the brains of conscious, adult, male New Zealand White rabbits were perfused by means of a push-pull system before and after an intravenous administration of bacterial pyrogen extracted from Salmonella abortus equi. Perfusion of the septal area with sucrose solution (260 mM) had no significant effect on the resulting fever (1.13 +/- 0.09 degrees C) when compared to a control fever without the push-pull perfusion (1.06 +/- 0.12 degrees C). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) added to the perfusing solution (20 micrograms/ml) caused a significant attenuation of the fever (0.81 +/- 0.20 degrees C). An antiserum specific to AVP when added to the perfusing solution resulted in a fever which was significantly greater (2.38 +/- 0.13 degrees C) than the control. Radioimmunoassay of perfusates collected from the control perfusions before and during fever showed that, as the body temperature rose in response to the pyrogen, the level of AVP in the perfusate collected from the septal area decreased. These results provide further evidence that AVP may act in the septal area of the brain to modulate the febrile response.
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37
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Alexander SJ, Cooper KE, Veale WL. Blockade of prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia by sodium salicylate given into the ventral septal area of the rat brain. J Physiol 1987; 384:223-31. [PMID: 3656145 PMCID: PMC1192259 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Sodium salicylate (30.0 micrograms microliter-1) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was infused bilaterally into the ventral septal area (v.s.a.) of the unrestrained rat for 1 h before and 1 h after the injection of prostaglandin E1 at a concentration of 20.0 ng microliter-1 into a lateral cerebral ventricle. 2. During control (ACSF) infusions, 200.0 ng of prostaglandin E1 evoked a hyperthermic response (0.95 +/- 0.16 degrees C). During sodium salicylate infusions, the prostaglandin E1-evoked hyperthermia was significantly reduced (P less than 0.025) to 0.31 +/- 0.16 degrees C. 3. The fever index (degrees C h for 1.0 h) during the infusion of sodium salicylate was reduced 66% below that of control infusions (P less than 0.01). 4. These data indicate that sodium salicylate infused in the v.s.a. of rats can antagonize a prostaglandin E-evoked hyperthermia. This suggests that there may be an additional mechanism of action for sodium salicylate antipyresis other than inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Alexander
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Naylor AM, Gubitz GJ, Dinarello CA, Veale WL. Central effects of vasopressin and 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) on interleukin-1 fever in the rat. Brain Res 1987; 401:173-7. [PMID: 2949799 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The intracerebroventricular administration of arginine vasopressin suppressed significantly the fever evoked by interleukin-1. This antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin was blocked completely by the antivasopressor analog d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)arginine vasopressin, an antagonist of the V1 subtype of peripheral vasopressin receptor. However, in contrast to AVP, the V2 receptor agonist, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, did not alter the normal time course or magnitude of interleukin-1 fever. These data suggest that arginine vasopressin induced antipyresis is mediated via central receptors which may resemble the V1 subtype of peripheral vasopressin receptor. The V2 subtype of vasopressin receptor is unlikely to be involved since an agonist of this receptor did not exhibit any antipyretic activity against interleukin-1 fever.
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39
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Kasting NW. Potent stimuli for vasopressin release, hypertonic saline and hemorrhage, cause antipyresis in the rat. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1986; 15:293-300. [PMID: 3797703 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(86)90159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two potent stimuli for AVP release into the blood, hemorrhage and hypertonic saline, were evaluated for their antipyretic effects in the rat. Hemorrhage of 20% of estimated blood volume reduced brain temperature of febrile but not afebrile rats confirming earlier research in the sheep. Hypertonic saline was also antipyretic in the rat. Hypertonic urea was somewhat less antipyretic whereas hypertonic glucose had no effect on febrile temperatures. AVP release into the peripheral circulation showed the relationship saline greater than urea greater than glucose and parallelled the antipyretic effectiveness of these solutes. The antipyresis caused by hypertonic saline was not significantly different in rats passively immunized intravenously with AVP antiserum than in rats which received hypertonic saline alone. These results provide indirect evidence that endogenous AVP is released in the brain following hemorrhage or hypertonic challenge and that this endogenous AVP can affect central febrile pathways.
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Naylor AM, Ruwe WD, Veale WL. Antipyretic action of centrally administered arginine vasopressin but not oxytocin in the cat. Brain Res 1986; 385:156-60. [PMID: 3768714 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antipyretic action of central arginine vasopressin (AVP) was investigated in mongrel cats. Control push-pull perfusions in the ventral septal area (VSA), with the carrier vehicle alone, did not affect the febrile response to Salmonella typhosa administered intracerebroventricularly. When AVP was perfused similarly, the fever was suppressed in a dose-related manner. The lower dose of AVP delayed the onset of fever, whereas the higher concentration of AVP suppressed consistently the fever throughout the period of administration. Another neurohypophyseal peptide, oxytocin, was ineffective in altering the febrile response at the dose tested. The regions of greatest sensitivity to the antipyretic action of AVP are located ventral to the septum, bounded by the diagonal bands of Broca, extending into the posterior septal nucleus. Sites at which AVP was ineffective in producing antipyresis were found more dorsal and lateral to these. Thus, AVP suppresses fever in the cat via an action in the VSA that is dose related, and site specific and peptide specific. These data provide further evidence that AVP may be involved in the central mechanisms which control core temperature.
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Disturnal JE, Veale WL, Pittman QJ. Electrophysiological analysis of potential arginine vasopressin projections to the ventral septal area of the rat. Brain Res 1985; 342:162-7. [PMID: 4041806 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electrophysiological studies of neurons in the ventral septal region of the rat have examined afferent input from the paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Short latency excitatory or inhibitory orthodromic potentials were obtained following electrical stimulation of each nucleus, thereby providing evidence for these areas as a possible source of arginine vasopressin (AVP) fibers to the ventral septal region. These projections may mediate the reported antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin in the ventral septal region.
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Naylor AM, Ruwe WD, Kohut AF, Veale WL. Perfusion of vasopressin within the ventral septum of the rabbit suppresses endotoxin fever. Brain Res Bull 1985; 15:209-13. [PMID: 3876142 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(85)90138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or directly into the brain tissue via push-pull perfusion, was investigated in conscious New Zealand White rabbits. Administration of AVP into a lateral cerebral ventricle (ICV) was ineffective in reducing an endotoxin-induced fever and did not alter body temperature in the afebrile rabbit. Control push-pull perfusions with the carrier vehicle were without effect on endotoxin fevers or normal body temperature. Perfusion of the vehicle containing AVP provided significant antipyretic activity against both intravenous (IV) and ICV endotoxin without affecting normal body temperature. Both the maximum fever height and the fever index were significantly reduced during AVP perfusion. Tissue sites in which AVP was found to be antipyretic were located in the rostroventral parts of the septal region, at sites similar to those where perfusion of the peptide caused antipyresis in the sheep and rat. These results support the hypothesis that AVP, or a closely related molecule, may modulate fever within the central nervous system.
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