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Sotoyama H, Namba H, Tohmi M, Nawa H. Schizophrenia Animal Modeling with Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Homologs: Their Connections to the Inflammatory Pathway and the Dopamine System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020372. [PMID: 36830741 PMCID: PMC9953688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its homologs, such as neuregulins, bind to ErbB (Her) receptor kinases and regulate glial differentiation and dopaminergic/GABAergic maturation in the brain and are therefore implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology involving these cell abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of the EGF family and its neuropathologic association with schizophrenia, mainly overviewing our previous model studies and the related articles. Transgenic mice as well as the rat/monkey models established by perinatal challenges of EGF or its homologs consistently exhibit various behavioral endophenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. In particular, post-pubertal elevation in baseline dopaminergic activity may illustrate the abnormal behaviors relevant to positive and negative symptoms as well as to the timing of this behavioral onset. With the given molecular interaction and transactivation of ErbB receptor kinases with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), EGF/ErbB signals are recruited by viral infection and inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19-mediated pneumonia and poxvirus-mediated fibroma and implicated in the immune-inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. Finally, we also discuss the interaction of clozapine with ErbB receptor kinases as well as new antipsychotic development targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Manavu Tohmi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
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Neurotrophic effects of G M1 ganglioside, NGF, and FGF2 on canine dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5380. [PMID: 32214122 PMCID: PMC7096396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs share many chronic morbidities with humans and thus represent a powerful model for translational research. In comparison to rodents, the canine ganglioside metabolism more closely resembles the human one. Gangliosides are components of the cell plasma membrane playing a role in neuronal development, intercellular communication and cellular differentiation. The present in vitro study aimed to characterize structural and functional changes induced by GM1 ganglioside (GM1) in canine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and interactions of GM1 with nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) using immunofluorescence for several cellular proteins including neurofilaments, synaptophysin, and cleaved caspase 3, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysiology. GM1 supplementation resulted in increased neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. This was also observed in DRG neurons challenged with hypoxia mimicking neurodegenerative conditions due to disruptions of energy homeostasis. Immunofluorescence indicated an impact of GM1 on neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal transport, and synaptogenesis. An increased number of multivesicular bodies in GM1 treated neurons suggested metabolic changes. Electrophysiological changes induced by GM1 indicated an increased neuronal excitability. Summarized, GM1 has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on canine DRG neurons and induces functional changes. However, further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic value of gangliosides in neurodegenerative diseases.
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The role of sphingolipids in psychoactive drug use and addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:651-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schneider JS, Bradbury KA, Anada Y, Inokuchi JI, Anderson DW. The synthetic ceramide analog L-PDMP partially protects striatal dopamine levels but does not promote dopamine neuron survival in murine models of parkinsonism. Brain Res 2006; 1099:199-205. [PMID: 16764837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A number of previous studies have demonstrated a positive effect of exogenously administered monosialoganglioside GM1 on striatal dopamine (DA) levels and DA neuron survival in animal models of parkinsonism. However, due to low bioavailability of peripherally administered GM1, the present study investigated the neuroprotective/neurorestorative potential of enhancing endogenous GM1 biosynthesis by administration of the synthetic ceramide analog L-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (L-PDMP) in two mouse models of Parkinsonism produced by acute or subacute 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration. L-PDMP treatment caused an increase in brain GM1 levels in both Parkinson models and resulted in a partial sparing of striatal DA levels in the subacute MPTP model but not in the acute MPTP model. L-PDMP treatment had no effect on DA neuron survival in either model. These data suggest that the administration of L-PDMP as a means to enhance endogenous brain GM1 levels may hold limited promise as a potential neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome which primarily affects dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra, resulting in poverty and slowness of movement, instability of gait and posture, and tremor at rest in individuals with the disease. While symptoms of the disease can be effectively managed for several years with available drugs, the syndrome is progressive and the efficacy of standard drugs wanes with time. One experimental approach to therapy is to use natural and synthetic molecules which promote survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons, so-called 'neurotrophic factors', to stabilise the diminishing population of dopaminergic neurons and stimulate compensation and growth in these cells. In this review, we examine the available evidence on 29 molecules with neurotrophic properties for dopaminergic neurons. The properties of these molecules provide ample reasons for optimism that a neurotrophic strategy can be developed that would provide a significant treatment option for patients with PD. While the search continues for even more specific, potent and long lasting agents, the single greatest challenge is the development of techniques for targeted delivery of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Collier
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in hippocampus: modulation of expression by seizures and anti-excitotoxic action. J Neurosci 1999. [PMID: 9870945 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-01-00133.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), an EGF receptor ligand, was investigated in rat forebrain under basal conditions and after kainate-induced excitotoxic seizures. In addition, a potential neuroprotective role for HB-EGF was assessed in hippocampal cultures. In situ hybridization analysis of HB-EGF mRNA in developing rat hippocampus revealed its expression in all principle cell layers of hippocampus from birth to postnatal day (P) 7, whereas from P14 through adulthood, expression decreased in the pyramidal cell layer versus the dentate gyrus granule cells. After kainate-induced excitotoxic seizures, levels of HB-EGF mRNA increased markedly in the hippocampus, as well as in several other cortical and limbic forebrain regions. In the hippocampus, HB-EGF mRNA expression increased within 3 hr after kainate treatment, continued to increase until 24 hr, and then decreased; increases occurred in the dentate gyrus granule cells, in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, and in and around hippocampal pyramidal CA3 and CA1 neurons. At 48 hr after kainate treatment, HB-EGF mRNA remained elevated in vulnerable brain regions of the hippocampus and amygdaloid complex. Western blot analysis revealed increased levels of HB-EGF protein in the hippocampus after kainate administration, with a peak at 24 hr. Pretreatment of embryonic hippocampal cell cultures with HB-EGF protected neurons against kainate toxicity. The kainate-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in hippocampal neurons was not altered in cultures pretreated with HB-EGF, suggesting an excitoprotective mechanism different from that of previously characterized excitoprotective growth factors. Taken together, these results suggest that HB-EGF may function as an endogenous neuroprotective agent after seizure-induced neural activity/injury.
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Abstract
Since the early 1980s, numerous studies have been reported by laboratories around the world documenting the beneficial effects of GM1 ganglioside treatment on the damaged dopamine system in various animal and in vitro models. Based on the strength of these data, the first clinical studies designed to assess the efficacy and safety of chronic GM1 use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were performed. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, significant improvements in GM1-treated patients were demonstrated in clinical motor ratings, timed tests of motor function, activities of daily living, and some aspects of neuropsychological functioning. Patients who have elected to continue using GM1 in an open extension trial have either continued to improve over time or have shown initial functional improvements and their disease has remained stable (i.e., no symptom progression) after two years. These results suggest that long-term use of GM1 is safe and may work to partially reverse the degenerative process in established Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Rothblat DS, Schneider JS. The effects of L-deprenyl treatment, alone and combined with GM1 ganglioside, on striatal dopamine content and substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. Brain Res 1998; 779:226-30. [PMID: 9473679 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of GM1 ganglioside and the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor L-deprenyl, alone and in combination, on striatal dopamine (DA) and DOPAC levels, and the density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of C57bl/6J mice following MPTP administration (20 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily for 5 days). GM1 treatment (30 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 3 weeks, beginning 24 h after the last MPTP injection) partially restored striatal DA levels and rescued SNc neurons. A high dose of L-deprenyl, inhibiting MAO-B activity, (10 mg/kg, i.p. every other day for 3 weeks beginning 3 days after the last MPTP injection) increased striatal DA content, but did not rescue TH-positive SNc neurons. A low dose of L-deprenyl (0.01 mg/kg, i.p. every other day for 3 weeks beginning 3 days after the last MPTP injection) had no effect on either striatal neurochemistry or the rescue of SNc TH-positive neurons. Co-administration of GM1 and high dose L-deprenyl caused a synergistic increase in striatal DA levels, above that obtained with either GM1 or high dose L-deprenyl alone. Co-administration of GM1 and low dose L-deprenyl was not only not synergistic, but caused GM1s effects to be antagonized. The results do not confirm previous findings that low dose L-deprenyl administration in vivo after MPTP can rescue SNc neurons. Given GM1's potential as an adjunct to present anti-parkinsonian medications which include L-deprenyl, it will be important to further investigate the interactions between these two potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Rothblat
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Williams M, Wright S, Kenneth Lloyd G. Improved therapies for Parkinson's disease: life beyond dopamine D2D3 receptors agonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-6147(97)90650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Steiner JP, Hamilton GS, Ross DT, Valentine HL, Guo H, Connolly MA, Liang S, Ramsey C, Li JH, Huang W, Howorth P, Soni R, Fuller M, Sauer H, Nowotnik AC, Suzdak PD. Neurotrophic immunophilin ligands stimulate structural and functional recovery in neurodegenerative animal models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:2019-24. [PMID: 9050897 PMCID: PMC20035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.5.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunosuppressant immunophilin ligands promote neurite outgrowth in vitro, their neurotrophic activities are clearly independent of their immunosuppressive activity. In the present report, a novel nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, GPI-1046 (3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate+ ++) is described. In vitro, GPI-1046 bound to FK506 binding protein-12 and elicited neurite outgrowth from sensory neuronal cultures with picomolar potency with maximal effects comparable to nerve growth factor. In vivo, GPI-1046 stimulated the regeneration of lesioned sciatic nerve axons and myelin levels. In the central nervous system, GPI-1046 promoted protection and/or sprouting of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in somatosensory cortex following parachloroamphetamine treatment. GPI-1046 also induced regenerative sprouting from spared nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity in mice or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity in rats. The rotational abnormality in 6-OHDA treated rats was alleviated by GPI-1046. These neurotrophic actions in multiple models suggest therapeutic utility for GPI-1046 in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Steiner
- Department of Neurobiological Research, Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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