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Horton D, Khare A. Inhibitory activity of four demethoxy fluorinated anthracycline analogs against five human-tumor cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6179-81. [PMID: 20850305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Four anthracycline analogs synthesized in our laboratory were evaluated in comparison with adriamycin (doxorubicin) for their growth-inhibitory effect against five human-tumor cell lines, including lung carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and glioblastoma. The compounds included 4-demethoxy-7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro--l-talopyranosyl)daunomycinone (2), its 3',4'-diacetate (1), its 14-bromo derivative 3, and its 14-hydroxy analog, namely 4-demethoxy-7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-α-l-talopyranosyl)adriamycinone (4). Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed moderate cytotoxic effect in most of the cell lines, while compound 4 had a strong effect, comparable to or better than that of adriamycin in most of the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Horton
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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2
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Alvarado Y, Apostolidou E, Swords R, Giles FJ. Emerging therapeutic options for Philadelphia-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2007; 12:165-79. [PMID: 17355221 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.12.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are associated with a cure rate of > 80% in children. The prognosis in adults is considerably inferior, with age, disease bulk, leukemia karyotype and immune phenotype being prognostically relevant. Adult ALL treatment programs include induction, intensified consolidation and maintenance phases with CNS prophylaxis. The addition of imatinib in patients with BCR-ABL-positive ALL has improved the prognosis of this subgroup, but their survival is still poor. Initial data on the second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitors, dasatinib and nilotinib, indicate a potentially greater efficacy than imatinib, but the improvement is likely to be modest. The overall efforts in terms of developmental therapeutics in ALL are very modest and not in keeping with the urgent need for improvement. Most agents being investigated have mechanisms of action similar to those of existing agents for ALL therapy and thus represent modest opportunities to improve results. Of such agents, data on BCR-ABL inhibitors, sphingosomal vincristine, pemetrexed, talotrexin, annamycin and ABT-751 are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesid Alvarado
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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3
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4
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Anthracycline glycosides of 2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranose. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2631-40. [PMID: 17022957 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The methyl beta-glycoside of the title sugar, obtained from 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranose tetraacetate by a sequence with detailed characterization of all intermediates, was converted by acetolysis-bromination into 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl bromide, coupling of which with (7S,9S)-4-demethoxydaunomycinone afforded the 3,4-diacetate of 4-demethoxy-9-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl)daunomycinone (19). The antitumor-active 19 was converted by way of its 14-bromo derivative into the 14-hydroxy analogue, the antitumor-active 4-demethoxyadriamycinone glycoside 21.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vaino
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Lafont D, Boullanger P, Rosenzweig M. Iodoacetoxylation Reaction: A Convenient Route to α-Glycosides in the 2-Iodo and 2-Deoxy Series. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808002360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Andrivon W, Saucier JM, Auclair C, Monneret C, Florent JC, Guillosson JJ, Nafziger J. Enhanced topoisomerase II-induced DNA breaks and free radical production by a new anthracycline with potent antileukemic activity. Leuk Res 1996; 20:119-26. [PMID: 8628010 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we reported that a new anthracycline derivative (moflomycin) exhibited a higher antileukemic activity compared to other anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin and doxorubicin. To explain the superior antileukemic effect of moflomycin and to disclose a possible structure-activity relationship, we investigated the three main mechanisms by which anthracyclines are though to exert their antitumor effect: DNA binding, free radical production and topoisomerase II inhibition. The DNA interaction was assessed both by DNA binding and DNA unwinding assays, free radical generation was studied by electron spin resonance, and topoisomerase II interaction by analysis of the stimulation of enzyme-induced DNA breaks. The results showed a higher free radical production and a greater stimulation of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage by moflomycin than doxorubicin, associated with a lower DNA affinity. The different biochemical characteristics of moflomycin, particularly its interaction with topoisomerase II, are related to the structural modifications performed on the chromophore. These properties, associated with a higher stability of the molecule induced by the presence of an iodine atom on the sugar moiety, are probably responsible for the higher antileukemic activity of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrivon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
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8
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el Bergmi R, Molina Molina J. Theoretical study of anthracycline antibiotic analogues--III. Conformational analysis on different 2, 6-dideoxy-2-halo-alpha-l-hexopyranoses by molecular mechanics and semiempirical methods. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:151-63. [PMID: 8814875 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Conformational analysis of 2,6-dideoxy-2-halo-alpha-L-hexopyranoses (compounds 1-11) has been performed by molecular mechanics and molecular orbital calculations including solvation effects. The numerical results obtained and those obtained from the electrostatic potential calculation have been used together to interpret theoretically the influence of the introduction of the halogen atom at the C-2 position of the sugar moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R el Bergmi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Campus Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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9
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Wasan KM, Perez-Soler R. Distribution of free and liposomal annamycin within human plasma is regulated by plasma triglyceride concentrations but not by lipid transfer protein. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:1094-100. [PMID: 8537888 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Annamycin (Ann) is a lipophilic and non-cross-resistant anthracycline antibiotic currently in clinical development as a liposomal formulation (L-Ann) composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG). Previous studies have demonstrated that the incorporation of Ann into these liposomes prolongs its terminal serum half-life and increases the tumor levels of the drug. However, an explanation for the altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxorubicin and Ann when entrapped into these multilamellar lipid vesicles remains unknown. Since the distribution of lipophilic compounds within plasma lipoproteins has been shown to influence the pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of a number of lipophilic compounds and this distribution appears to be regulated by lipid transfer protein (LTP), we studied the distribution of Ann and L-Ann among plasma lipoproteins and the influence of LTP on the distribution of Ann and L-Ann among plasma lipoproteins. Our results concluded that when Ann was incorporated into liposomes composed of DMPC and DMPG, over 65% of the initial Ann concentration would distribute into the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and that free Ann and L-Ann distribution within human plasma was independent of LTP activity. In addition, we observed that the increase in total plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (through the increase of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)) resulted in the increase distribution of Ann and L-Ann within the TG-rich VLDL fraction. However, increasing the VLDL core TG/cholesterol ratio decreased Ann distribution into VLDL. These findings suggest that initial Ann distribution is regulated by a mechanism that does not involve LTP, but through its interaction with plasma VLDL-TG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wasan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Priebe W, Perez-Soler R. Design and tumor targeting of anthracyclines able to overcome multidrug resistance: a double-advantage approach. Pharmacol Ther 1993; 60:215-34. [PMID: 8022858 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(93)90007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel, 'double-advantage approach' to developing more effective chemotherapies will be reviewed. This approach is based on a presumption that analogs designed on a sound hypothesis, and combined with a rationally selected drug delivery system, will optimize antitumor activity by creating drugs that are more active and that can be more specifically targeted to tumors. In the design of drugs superior to doxorubicin, we have focused on typical multidrug resistance and new anthracycline analogs, whose uptake is not affected by P-glycoprotein. Analysis of structural elements of anthracyclines affecting activity against multidrug resistant tumors and affinity for liposomes will be discussed. Annamycin, a lipophilic anthracycline analog, was selected for further preclinical development as a liposomal formulation and demonstrated, in the initial biological evaluation, high activity against tumors resistant to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Priebe
- Department of Clinical Investigation, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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11
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Abstract
Exclusive trans-addition is observed in the iodoalkoxylation of the 6-membered cyclic enol ethers 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-rhamnal (1), 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-fucal (2), and related glycal derivatives. The main products from 1 and from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (3) thus had the alpha-manno configuration. Similarly, alpha-talo products were obtained from 2 in 87-93% yield. The product distribution is not affected by the electronegativity of the 5-substituent. It is concluded that steric factors in the glycal and the nucleophile affect only the step of trans-diaxial opening of the intermediate iodonium ion. Enhanced yields of the desired trans-diaxial products were observed in reactions of glycals having the lyxo configuration when the reactions were conducted in tetrahydrofuran or methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Horton
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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12
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Horton D, Priebe W, Sznaidman M. Preparation of 4-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-trifluoroacetamido-L- lyxo-hex-1-enitol, a key intermediate in synthesis of daunosamine glycosides. Carbohydr Res 1989; 187:145-8. [PMID: 2752388 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)80062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Horton
- Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, Columbus 43210
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13
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Horton D, Priebe W, Sznaidman M. A new approach to 2-deoxyglycosides permitting access to anthracycline glycosides specifically labeled at the 2'-position. Carbohydr Res 1989; 187:149-53. [PMID: 2752389 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)80063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Horton
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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14
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Ok K, Takagi Y, Tsuchiya T, Umezawa S, Umezawa H. Synthesis of antitumor-active 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl)-daunomycinone and -adriamycinone. Carbohydr Res 1987; 169:69-81. [PMID: 3427590 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The title compounds (17 and 23) were prepared by coupling 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl bromide (15) with daunomycinone. The key step in the preparation of 15 was the epoxide-ring opening of methyl 2,3-anhydro-4-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-gulopyranoside with KHF2 in ethylene glycol, whereupon 2-fluoro-alpha-L-idopyranoside was obtained. Compounds 17 and 23 showed strong antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ok
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kawasaki, Japan
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15
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A one-step method for the preparation of 2-pyridyl 2-deoxy-1-thiohexopyranosides from glycal esters. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Varela O, de Fina GM, de Lederkremer RM. The reaction of 2-hydroxyglycal esters with alcohols in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide, stereoselective synthesis of α anomers of alkyl 3-deoxyhex-2-enopyranosides and 3,4-dideoxyhex-3-enopyranosid-2-uloses. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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18
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Horton D, Priebe W, Varela O. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 2'-bromo- and 2'-chloro-3'-acetoxy-3'-deaminodaunorubicin analogs. Carbohydr Res 1985; 144:305-15. [PMID: 4092209 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromination of 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-rhamnal (7) and subsequent glycosidic coupling under Koenigs-Knorr conditions with daunomycinone gave a mixture of three compounds having the beta-L-gluco (10), alpha-L-gluco (11), and alpha-L-manno (12) configurations. Analogous bromination of 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-fucal (13) followed by coupling with daunomycinone gave a mixture of three glycosides having the beta-L-galacto (16), alpha-L-galacto (17), and alpha-L-talo (18) configurations. Chlorination of 7 and coupling with daunomycinone in the presence of silver triflate gave products having the alpha-L-gluco (21) and alpha-L-manno (22) configurations, whereas 13, under similar conditions, gave only one stereoisomeric product, that having the alpha-L-galacto (24) configuration. Compounds 12 and 22 showed high in vivo activity in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia assay.
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