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McDonald ND, Boyd EF. Structural and Biosynthetic Diversity of Nonulosonic Acids (NulOs) That Decorate Surface Structures in Bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:142-157. [PMID: 32950378 PMCID: PMC7855311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon α-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of functions across all branches of life. The family of NulOs includes the sialic acids as well as the prokaryote-specific NulOs. Select bacteria biosynthesize the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and the ability to produce this sugar and its subsequent incorporation into cell-surface structures is implicated in a variety of bacteria-host interactions. Furthermore, scavenging of sialic acid from the environment for energy has been characterized across a diverse group of bacteria, mainly human commensals and pathogens. In addition to sialic acid, bacteria have the ability to biosynthesize prokaryote-specific NulOs, of which there are several known isomers characterized. These prokaryotic NulOs are similar in structure to Neu5Ac but little is known regarding their role in bacterial physiology. Here, we discuss the diversity in structure, the biosynthesis pathways, and the functions of bacteria-specific NulOs. These carbohydrates are phylogenetically widespread among bacteria, with numerous structurally unique modifications recognized. Despite the diversity in structure, the NulOs are involved in similar functions such as motility, biofilm formation, host colonization, and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - E Fidelma Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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2
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Flack EKP, Chidwick HS, Guchhait G, Keenan T, Budhadev D, Huang K, Both P, Mas Pons J, Ledru H, Rui S, Stafford GP, Shaw JG, Galan MC, Flitsch S, Thomas GH, Fascione MA. Biocatalytic Transfer of Pseudaminic Acid (Pse5Ac7Ac) Using Promiscuous Sialyltransferases in a Chemoenzymatic Approach to Pse5Ac7Ac-Containing Glycosides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. P. Flack
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | | | - Goutam Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Darshita Budhadev
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Jordi Mas Pons
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Helene Ledru
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Shengtao Rui
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kindgom
| | - Jonathan G. Shaw
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Sabine Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Martin A. Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
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3
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Zunk M, Kiefel MJ. The occurrence and biological significance of the α-keto-sugars pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid within pathogenic bacteria. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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5
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Wang Z, Liu X, Li J, Altman E. Structural characterization of the O-chain polysaccharide of Aeromonas caviae ATCC 15468 lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2007; 343:483-8. [PMID: 18068695 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The O-chain polysaccharide produced by a mild acid degradation of Aeromonas caviae ATCC 15468 lipopolysaccharide was found to be composed of L-rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose and phosphoglycerol. Subsequent methylation and CE-ESIMS analyses and 1D/2D NMR ((1)H, (13)C and (31)P) spectroscopy showed that the O-chain polysaccharide is a high-molecular-mass acidic branched polymer of tetrasaccharide repeating units with a phosphoglycerol substituent having the following structure: [structure: see text] where Gro represents glycerol and P represents a phosphate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Kochetkov NK. Unusual monosaccharides: components of O-antigenic polysaccharides of microorganisms. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1996v065n09abeh000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Leone S, Silipo A, L.Nazarenko E, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Molinaro A. Molecular structure of endotoxins from Gram-negative marine bacteria: an update. Mar Drugs 2007; 5:85-112. [PMID: 18463721 PMCID: PMC2365688 DOI: 10.3390/md503085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria are microrganisms that have adapted, through millions of years, to survival in environments often characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, namely pressure, temperature and salinity. The main interest in the research on marine bacteria is due to their ability to produce several biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents. Nonetheless, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or their portions, from Gram-negative marine bacteria, have often shown low virulence, and represent potential candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock. Besides, the molecular architecture of such molecules is related to the possibility of thriving in marine habitats, shielding the cell from the disrupting action of natural stress factors. Over the last few years, the depiction of a variety of structures of lipids A, core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been given. In particular, here we will examine the most recently encountered structures for bacteria belonging to the genera Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas, of the gamma-Proteobacteria phylum, and to the genera Flavobacterium, Cellulophaga, Arenibacter and Chryseobacterium, of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention will be paid to the chemical features expressed by these structures (characteristic monosaccharides, non-glycidic appendages, phosphate groups), to the typifying traits of LPSs from marine bacteria and to the possible correlation existing between such features and the adaptation, over years, of bacteria to marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Leone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Evgeny L.Nazarenko
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok-22, Russian Federation
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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8
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McNally DJ, Aubry AJ, Hui JPM, Khieu NH, Whitfield D, Ewing CP, Guerry P, Brisson JR, Logan SM, Soo EC. Targeted metabolomics analysis of Campylobacter coli VC167 reveals legionaminic acid derivatives as novel flagellar glycans. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14463-75. [PMID: 17371878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611027200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of Campylobacter flagellin is required for the biogenesis of a functional flagella filament. Recently, we used a targeted metabolomics approach using mass spectrometry and NMR to identify changes in the metabolic profile of wild type and mutants in the flagellar glycosylation locus, characterize novel metabolites, and assign function to genes to define the pseudaminic acid biosynthetic pathway in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (McNally, D. J., Hui, J. P., Aubry, A. J., Mui, K. K., Guerry, P., Brisson, J. R., Logan, S. M., and Soo, E. C. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 18489-18498). In this study, we use a similar approach to further define the glycome and metabolomic complement of nucleotide-activated sugars in Campylobacter coli VC167. Herein we demonstrate that, in addition to CMP-pseudaminic acid, C. coli VC167 also produces two structurally distinct nucleotide-activated nonulosonate sugars that were observed as negative ions at m/z 637 and m/z 651 (CMP-315 and CMP-329). Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry yielded suitable amounts of the pure sugar nucleotides for NMR spectroscopy using a cold probe. Structural analysis in conjunction with molecular modeling identified the sugar moieties as acetamidino and N-methylacetimidoyl derivatives of legionaminic acid (Leg5Am7Ac and Leg5AmNMe7Ac). Targeted metabolomic analyses of isogenic mutants established a role for the ptmA-F genes and defined two new ptm genes in this locus as legionaminic acid biosynthetic enzymes. This is the first report of legionaminic acid in Campylobacter sp. and the first report of legionaminic acid derivatives as modifications on a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McNally
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Gervay-Hague J, Weathers, Jr. TM. PYRANOSYL SUGAR AMINO ACID CONJUGATES: THEIR BIOLOGICAL ORIGINS, SYNTHETIC PREPARATIONS, AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120016491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Chou WK, Dick S, Wakarchuk WW, Tanner ME. Identification and Characterization of NeuB3 from Campylobacter jejuni as a Pseudaminic Acid Synthase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:35922-8. [PMID: 16120604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507483200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is known to cause duodenal ulcers. In all of these pathogenic organisms, the flagellin proteins are heavily glycosylated with a 2-keto-3-deoxy acid, pseudaminic acid (5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid). The presence of pseudaminic acid is required for the proper development of the flagella and is thereby necessary for motility in, and invasion of, the host. In this study we report the first characterization of NeuB3 from C. jejuni as a pseudaminic acid synthase; the enzyme directly responsible for the biosynthesis of pseudaminic acid. Pseudaminic acid synthase catalyzes the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) with the hexose, 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-L-altrose (6-deoxy-AltdiNAc), to form pseudaminic acid and phosphate. The enzymatic activity was monitored using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the product was isolated and characterized. Kinetic analysis reveals that pseudaminic acid synthase requires the presence of a divalent metal ion for catalysis and that optimal catalysis occurs at pH 7.0. A coupled enzymatic assay gave the values for k(cat) of 0.65 +/- 0.01 s(-1), K(m)PEP of 6.5 +/- 0.4 microM, and K(m)6-deoxy-AltdiNAc of 9.5 +/- 0.7 microM. A mechanistic study on pseudaminic acid synthase, using [2-18O]PEP, shows that catalysis proceeds through a C-O bond cleavage mechanism similar to other PEP condensing synthases such as sialic acid synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne K Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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11
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Perepelov AV, Shashkov AS, Torgov VI, Nazarenko EL, Gorshkova RP, Ivanova EP, Gorshkova NM, Widmalm G. Structure of an acidic polysaccharide from the agar-decomposing marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica strain IAM 14165 containing 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:69-74. [PMID: 15620668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure of an acidic polysaccharide from Pseudoalteromonas atlantica strain 14165 containing 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac) has been elucidated. The polysaccharide was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D experiments, along with sugar and methylation analyses. After a selective hydrolysis a modified polysaccharide devoid of its side chain could be isolated. It was found that the polysaccharide has pentasaccharide repeating units with following structure: [structure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Perepelov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Chatterjee SN, Chaudhuri K. Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae. I. Physical and chemical characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2003; 1639:65-79. [PMID: 14559113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative organism of the disease cholera. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of V. cholerae plays an important role in eliciting the antibacterial immune response of the host and in classifying the vibrios into some 200 or more serogroups. This review presents an account of our up-to-date knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of the three constituents, lipid-A, core-polysaccharide (core-PS) and O-antigen polysaccharide (O-PS), of the LPS of V. cholerae of different serogroups including the disease-causing ones, O1 and O139. The structure and occurrence of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) on V. cholerae O139 have been discussed as a relevant topic. Similarity and dissimilarity between the structures of LPS of different serogroups, and particularly between O22 and O139, have been analysed with a view to learning their role in the causation of the epidemic form of the disease by avoiding the host defence mechanism and in the evolution of the newer pathogenic strains in future. An idea of the emerging trends of research involving the use of immunogens prepared from synthetic oligosaccharides that mimic terminal epitopes of the O-PS of V. cholerae O1 in the development of a conjugate anti cholera vaccine is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Chatterjee
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Calcutta-700 064, India.
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13
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Knirel YA, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov YE, Jansson PE, Zãhringer U. 5,7-DIAMINO-3,5,7,9-TETRADEOXYNON-2-ULOSONIC ACIDS IN BACTERIAL GLYCOPOLYMERS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2003; 58:371-417. [PMID: 14719362 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(03)58007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Thibault P, Logan SM, Kelly JF, Brisson JR, Ewing CP, Trust TJ, Guerry P. Identification of the carbohydrate moieties and glycosylation motifs in Campylobacter jejuni flagellin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:34862-70. [PMID: 11461915 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104529200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellins from three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Campylobacter coli were shown to be extensively modified by glycosyl residues, imparting an approximate 6000-Da shift from the molecular mass of the protein predicted from the DNA sequence. Tryptic peptides from C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin were subjected to capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry with a high/low orifice stepping to identify peptide segments of aberrant masses together with their corresponding glycosyl appendages. These modified peptides were further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and preparative high performance liquid chromatography followed by nano-NMR spectroscopy to identify the nature and precise site of glycosylation. These analyses have shown that there are 19 modified Ser/Thr residues in C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin. The predominant modification found on C. jejuni flagellin was O-linked 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac) with additional heterogeneity conferred by substitution of the acetamido groups with acetamidino and hydroxyproprionyl groups. In C. jejuni 81-176, the gene Cj1316c, encoding a protein of unknown function, was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis and/or the addition of the acetamidino group on Pse5Ac7Ac. Glycosylation is not random, since 19 of the total 107 Ser/Thr residues are modified, and all but one of these are restricted to the central, surface-exposed domain of flagellin when folded in the filament. The mechanism of attachment appears unrelated to a consensus peptide sequence but is rather based on surface accessibility of Ser/Thr residues in the folded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thibault
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Staaf M, Weintraub A, Widmalm G. Structure determination of the O-antigenic polysaccharide from the enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O136. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 263:656-61. [PMID: 10469128 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from the enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O136 has been elucidated. The composition of the repeating unit was established by sugar and methylation analysis together with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation experiments were used to deduce the sequence. The absolute configuration for the nonulosonic acid (NonA) could be determined using spin-spin coupling constants, 13C chemical shifts and NOESY. The anomeric configuration of the NonA was determined via vicinal and geminal 13C,1H coupling constants. The structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide from E. coli O136 is as follows, in which beta-NonpA is 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7, 9-tetradeoxy-Lglycero-beta-Lmanno-nonulosonic acid: -->4)-beta-NonpA-(2-->4)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->
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Affiliation(s)
- M Staaf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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16
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Kondo S, Kawamata Y, Sano Y, Iguchi T, Hisatsune K. A Chemical Study of the Sugar Composition of the Polysaccharide Portion of Lipopolysaccharides isolated from Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 from O2 to O155. Syst Appl Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(97)80042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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18
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Avalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Durán CJ, Jiménez J, Palacios JC. NMR studies and semiempirical calculations on the structure of glycoamidines. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Knirel YA, Helbig JH, Zähringer U. Structure of a decasaccharide isolated by mild acid degradation and dephosphorylation of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ATCC 49271. Carbohydr Res 1996; 283:129-39. [PMID: 8901267 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mild acid degradation of the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain ATCC 49271 lipopolysaccharide resulted in a core oligosaccharide containing D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D- glucose, 2-(L- alanylamino)-2-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (QuiNAc), 2-acetamido- 2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (FucNAc), L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (Hep), 3-deoxy-D- manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo, present in multiple forms), and 5-acetamidino-7-acetamido-3,5,7,9- tetradeoxy- L-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (a di-N-acyl derivative of legionaminic acid, Non) as well as O-acetyl, O-carbamoyl, and phosphate groups, including triphosphate groups. The dephosphorylated (HF) decasaccharide and products of its partial and full O-deacylation were studied by methylation analysis, GLC-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, including 1D NOE and 2D shift-correlated spectroscopy (COSY). The core oligosaccharide of P. fluorescens strain ATCC 49271 was found to be a decasaccharide (with partially degraded Kdo region) and one O-antigen repeating unit (di-N-acyllegionaminic acid, Non) attached. The following structure of the dephosphorylated core oligosaccharide was established: [sequence: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Knirel
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Germany
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20
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Sadovskaya I, Brisson JR, Altman E, Mutharia LM. Structural studies of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen and capsular polysaccharide of Vibrio anguillarum serotype O:2. Carbohydr Res 1996; 283:111-27. [PMID: 8901266 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum affects salmonid and marine fish species worldwide and is considered to be one of the most serious threats to the success of commercial fish farming. In the course of this study, it was found that V. anguillarum serotype O:2 strains produce an acidic capsular polysaccharide having the identical structure to that of the O-chain polysaccharide. One-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, together with partial hydrolysis and various specific modifications, were used to determine the structure of these polysaccharides. It is proposed that both O-chain and capsular polysaccharide of V. anguillarum serotype O:2 are composed of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units having the following structure, in which Glc2NAc3NAN represents 2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronamide, Man2NAc3AmA is 3-acetamidino-2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid. Am represents an acetamidino group, Gal(NAc)2A is 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-L-galacturonic acid, Bac(NAc)2 is 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine) and Fo is formyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadovskaya
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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21
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Banaszek A, Pakulski Z, Zamojski A. The synthesis of derivatives of 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-gulo- and l-altro-hexopyranoses. Carbohydr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Knirel YA, Rietschel ET, Marre R, Zähringer U. The structure of the O-specific chain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 221:239-45. [PMID: 8168511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide chain of Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia strain 1 (serogroup 1) lipopolysaccharide was investigated by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. It was found to consist of an alpha-(2-->4) interlinked homopolymer of a 5-acetamidino-7-acetamido-8-O-acetyl-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-nonulos onic acid possessing most likely the D-glycero-L-galacto configuration, representing the first example of an acidic homopolymer of a higher sugar of this class. The ladder-like banding pattern exhibiting small distances between individual bands in the SDS/PAGE is compatible with a monosaccharide repeating unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Knirel
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Institut für Experimentelle Biologie und Medizin, Germany
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25
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Hermansson K, Jansson PE, Holme T, Gustavsson B. Structural studies of the Vibrio cholerae O:5 O-antigen polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 1993; 248:199-211. [PMID: 7504579 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84127-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O:5 has been investigated, using NMR spectroscopy as the main method. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) studies of fragments obtained on treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or methanolic hydrogen chloride gave further structural information. Some structural features were also determined by comparison of nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) contacts with calculated H-H distance in different oligosaccharide models. It is concluded that the O-polysaccharide has the following structure, in which D-Qui p NAc4NAc is 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose, and D-Fuc p 3NX is 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose acylated with a (R,R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxoproline group. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hermansson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Kondo S, Watabe T, Haishima Y, Hisatsune K. Identification of oligosaccharides consisting of D-glucuronic acid and L-glycero-D-manno- and D-glycero-D-manno-heptose isolated from Vibrio parahaemolyticus O2 lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 1993; 245:353-9. [PMID: 8370031 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)80084-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kondo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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Hermansson K, Perry MB, Altman E, Brisson JR, Garcia MM. Structural studies of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of Fusobacterium necrophorum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 212:801-9. [PMID: 8462551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide component of the lipopolysaccharide produced by Fusobacterium necrophorum is of the teichoic acid type, with repeating units connected by phosphoric diester linkages. Dephosphorylation of the polysaccharide by treatment with aqueous hydrogen fluoride yielded a carbohydrate composed of a trisaccharide linked to an acidic component. This product, and the polysaccharide, were investigated by chemical methods and 1H-, 13C-, 31P- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy and the former also by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. It is proposed that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating units having the following structure, in which Fuc represents fucose (6-deoxy-galactose), Am represents an acetamidino group and Sug 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose ('bacillosamine') acetylated at the 2-position and acylated with a (S)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid at the 4-position. The acid was identified as a 2-amino-2-deoxy-2-C-methyl-pentonic acid (2-amino-2-methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypentanoic acid). The configuration of this acid remains to be determined. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hermansson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Vinogradov EV, Holst O, Thomas-Oates JE, Broady KW, Brade H. The structure of the O-antigenic polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae strain H11 (non-O1). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 210:491-8. [PMID: 1281098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
After acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Vibrio cholerae strain H11 (non-O1), a tetrasaccharide was obtained, the structure of which was determined by quantitative and methylation analyses, periodate oxidation, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and fast-atom-bombardment and four-sector tandem mass spectrometry as beta-D-GalANGro-(1-3)-beta-D-QuiNAc-(1-4)-alpha-D-GalANGr o-(1-4)-NeuAc, in which GalANGro is N-galacturonoyl-2-aminoglycerol and QuiN 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-glucopyranose. In addition, the trisaccharide beta-D-GalANGro-(1-3)-beta-D-QuiNAc-(1-4)-D-altro-hept ulose and the disaccharide alpha-D-GalANGro-(1-4)-NeuAc were isolated from acid-degraded lipopolysaccharide; the occurrence of sedoheptulose in lipopolysaccharide has not been described before. Based on the result of methylation analysis showing that galacturonic acid was the terminal sugar of the polysaccharide chain, and on the assumption that the tri- and the disaccharide represented the reducing and the non-reducing ends of the polysaccharide, respectively, the chemical structure of the O-specific chain of V. cholerae H11 is proposed as alpha-D-GalANGro-(1-4)-alpha-NeuAc-(2-3)-beta-D-GalANGro-(1- 3)-beta-D-QuiNAc- (1-[4)-alpha-D-GalANGro-(1-4)-alpha-NeuAc-(2-3)-beta-D-GalANGro -(1-3)-beta-D- QuiNAc-(1-]n-(1-4)-D-altro-heptulose. However, other possible structures can not be ruled out since the tri- and the disaccharide could be localised at different positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Vinogradov
- Division of Biochemical Microbiology, Institut für Experimentelle Biologie und Medizin, Federal Republic of Germany
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29
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Vinogradov EV, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK, Dabrowski J, Grosskurth H, Stanislavsky ES, Kholodkova EV. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella arizonae O61. Carbohydr Res 1992; 231:1-11. [PMID: 1394306 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84002-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild degradation of the Salmonella arizonae O61 lipopolysaccharide with acid. It contained 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamidino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (FucAm), and 7-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-5-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-D- glycero-L-galacto-nonulosonic acid (Sug). On the basis of partial acid hydrolysis with 0.1 M HCl, solvolysis with anhydrous HF in methanol, and 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis (including 1H/13C inversely correlated spectroscopy for localisation of N-acyl substituents), it was concluded that the O-specific polysaccharide had the following structure. ----3)-alpha-L-FucAm-(1----3)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-(1----8)-beta-Sug+ ++-(2---- The O-antigen of S. arizonae O61 is structurally related to that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O12, thus explaining the known serological cross-reactivity between these micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Vinogradov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Reddy GP, Hayat U, Abeygunawardana C, Fox C, Wright AC, Maneval DR, Bush CA, Morris JG. Purification and determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharide of Vibrio vulnificus M06-24. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:2620-30. [PMID: 1556081 PMCID: PMC205902 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.8.2620-2630.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence of Vibrio vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation and an opaque colony morphology. Capsular polysaccharide was purified from a whole-cell, phosphate-buffered saline-extracted preparation of the opaque, virulent phase of V. vulnificus M06-24 (M06-24/O) by dialysis, centrifugation, enzymatic digestion, and phenol-chloroform extraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the purified polysaccharide showed that the polymer was composed of a repeating structure with four sugar residues per repeating subunit: three residues of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranose in the alpha-gluco configuration (QuiNAc) and an additional residue of 2-acetamido hexouronate in the alpha-galactopyranose configuration (GalNAcA). The complete carbohydrate structure of the polysaccharide was determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were completely assigned, and vicinal coupling relationships were used to establish the stereochemistry of each sugar residue, its anomeric configuration, and the positions of the glycosidic linkages. The complete structure is: [----3) QuipNAc alpha-(1----3)-GalpNAcA alpha-(1----3)-QuipNAc alpha-(1----]n QuipNAc alpha-(1----4)-increases The polysaccharide was produced by a translucent phase variant of M06-24 (M06-24/T) but not by a translucent, acapsular transposon mutant (CVD752). Antibodies to the polysaccharide were demonstrable in serum from rabbits inoculated with M06-24/O.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228
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Chowdhury TA, Jansson PE, Lindberg B, Lindberg J, Gustafsson B, Holme T. Structural studies of the Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 1991; 215:303-14. [PMID: 1794128 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84029-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen polysaccharide has been investigated, mainly by n.m.r. spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, sugar and methylation analysis, and specific degradations, and is proposed to involve the following tetrasaccharide repeating-unit. [formula: see text]. In this structure, D-D-Hep is D-glycero-D-manno-heptose, Asc is 3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexose (ascarylose), and Sug is 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (bacillosamine) in which N-2 is acetylated and N-4 is acylated with a 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid. That the 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose residue is linked through O-3 and not through one of the hydroxyl groups in the 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoyl group is indicated but not definitely proved. The configuration of the latter group has not been determined. The f.a.b.-mass spectrum of the methylated O-antigen indicates that the structure given above also represents the biological repeating-unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Chowdhury
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lindberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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Sonesson A, Jantzen E, Bryn K, Larsson L, Eng J. Chemical composition of a lipopolysaccharide from Legionella pneumophila. Arch Microbiol 1989; 153:72-8. [PMID: 2610584 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide isolated from Legionella pneumophila (Phil. 1) was examined for chemical composition. The polysaccharide split off by mild acid hydrolysis contained rhamnose, mannose, glucose, quinovosamine, glucosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, in molar proportions 1.6:1.8:1.0:1.5:4.1:2.7. Heptoses were absent and glucose was probably mainly phosphorylated. The carbohydrate backbone of the lipid A part consisted of glucosamine, quinovosamine and glycerol, in the molar ratios 3.9:1.0:3.4, with glycerol as a phosphorylated moiety. A complex fatty acid substitution pattern comprising eight O-ester-linked, exclusively nonhydroxylated acids, and nineteen amide-linked, exclusively 3-hydroxylated acids was revealed. Both straight- and branched (iso and anteiso) carbon chains occurred. The major hydroxy fatty acid was 3-hydroxy-12-methyltridecanoic acid and six others were of a chain-length above 20 carbon atoms, with 3-hydroxy-20-methyldocosanoic acid as the longest. Two dihydroxy fatty acids, 2,3-dihydroxy-12-methyltridecanoic and 2,3-dihydroxytetradecanoic acids, were also detected. These results suggest that L. pneumophila contains a rather complex and unusual lipopolysaccharide structure of considerable biological and chemotaxonomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonesson
- Department of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund University, Sweden
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