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Yu K, Bi N, Xiong C, Cai S, Long Z, Guo Z, Gu G. Synthesis of Defined and Functionalized Glycans of Lipoteichoic Acid: A Cell Surface Polysaccharide from Clostridium difficile. Org Lett 2017; 19:3123-3126. [PMID: 28548838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two structurally defined, functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid (LTA, also known as PS-III) from C. difficile, which have one or two repeating units of LTA linked to the core trisaccharide, were efficiently synthesized via a convergent [2 + 3] or [2 + 2 + 3] strategy. The α-linkage of both N-acetylglucosamine residues in the repeating unit were constructed with glycosyl imidates of azidosugars as donors, while the phosphodiester bridges between the oligosaccharides were fashioned using H-phosphonate chemistry. Both synthetic targets contained a 3-aminopropyl group at the core trisaccharide reducing end, facilitating their conjugation to other biomolecules to afford conjugates useful for various biological studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ningning Bi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chenghe Xiong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuihong Cai
- Qidong Dongyue Pharmaceutical Company, 268 Shanghai Road, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Zhongzhu Long
- Qidong Dongyue Pharmaceutical Company, 268 Shanghai Road, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
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Percy MG, Gründling A. Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis and Function in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 2014; 68:81-100. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091213-112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Percy
- Section of Microbiology and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK; ,
| | - Angelika Gründling
- Section of Microbiology and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK; ,
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Reid CW, Vinogradov E, Li J, Jarrell HC, Logan SM, Brisson JR. Structural characterization of surface glycans from Clostridium difficile. Carbohydr Res 2012; 354:65-73. [PMID: 22560631 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR was employed to survey the surface polysaccharides of a group of clinical and environmental isolates of Clostridium difficile. Results indicated that a highly conserved surface polysaccharide profile among all strains studied. Multiple additional peaks in the anomeric region were also observed which prompted further investigation. Structural characterization of the isolated surface polysaccharides from two strains confirmed the presence of the conserved water soluble polysaccharide originally described by Ganeshapillai et al. which was composed of a hexaglycosyl phosphate repeat consisting of [→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1-3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1-4)-α-D-Glcp-(1-4)-[β-D-Glcp(1-3]-β-D-GalpNAc-(1-3)-α-D-Manp-(1-P→]. In addition, analysis of phenol soluble polysaccharides revealed a similarly conserved lipoteichoic acid (LTA) which could be detected on whole cells by HR-MAS NMR. Conventional NMR and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the structure of this LTA consisted of the repeat unit [→6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-3)-[→P-6]-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-2)-D-GroA] where GroA is glyceric acid. The repeating units were linked by a phosphodiester bridge between C-6 of the two GlcNAc residues (6-P-6). A minor component consisted of GlcpN-(1-3) instead of GlcpNAc-(1-3) in the repeat unit. Through a 6-6 phosphodiester bridge this polymer was linked to →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1-6)-β-D-Glcp-(1-6)-β-D-Glcp-(1-1)-Gro, with glycerol (Gro) substituted by fatty acids. This is the first report of the utility of HR-MAS NMR in the examination of surface carbohydrates of Gram positive bacteria and identification of a novel LTA structure from Clostridium difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Reid
- National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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Flores ML, Stortz1 CA, Cerezo AS. Studies on the skeletal cell wall of the cystocarpic stage of the red seaweed Iridaea undulosa B. Part II. Fractionation of the cell wall and methylation analysis of the inner core-fibrillar polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2000; 27:21-7. [PMID: 10704982 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the structure of the fibrillar cell wall, the material isolated from cystocarpic thalli of the red seaweed Iridaea undulosa was fractionated using different media. While classical methods produced a scarce solubilization of material, the use of lithium salts in polar aprotic solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or N, N-dimethylacetamide), had successfully extracted higher amounts of material. The final residue from the Li(+)/DMSO extraction contains cellulose and a mannan, while that from the Li(+)/DMAc extraction contains only cellulose and traces of a galactan. Methylation analyses of both residues confirm the presence of those polysaccharides, and shows that the mannan is (1-->4)-linked. Treatment with proteases suggests that the protein is efficiently shielded from digestion. All the extracts and residues contain major amounts of (glyco)proteins and/or proteins, in agreement with a previous suggestion that they are of major importance in the structure of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Flores
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km. 4-9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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