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Abstract
Iminosugars are naturally occurring carbohydrate analogues known since 1967. These natural compounds and hundreds of their synthetic derivatives prepared over five decades have been mainly exploited to inhibit the glycosidases, the enzymes catalysing the glycosidic bond cleavage, in order to find new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other diseases. However, iminosugars are also inhibitors of glycosyltransferases, the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. The selective inhibition of specific glycosyltransferases involved in cancer or bacterial infections could lead to innovative therapeutic agents. The synthesis and biological properties of all the iminosugars assayed to date as glycosyltransferase inhibitors are reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Conforti
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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2
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Meanwell M, Sutherland M, Britton R. Application of sequential proline-catalyzed α-chlorination and aldol reactions in the total synthesis of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A short enantioselective total synthesis of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin (migalastat) has been achieved that does not rely on chiral pool starting materials or biocatalysis. Instead, this synthesis exploits a one-pot proline-catalyzed α-chlorination and aldol reaction of a commercially available aldehyde to assemble the entire carbon skeleton in a single step. The key role played by a nitrogen protecting group in the final epoxide opening reaction is highlighted as is the amenability to access structural analogues using this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mathew Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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3
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Marjanovic Trajkovic J, Milanovic V, Ferjancic Z, Saicic RN. On the Asymmetric Induction in Proline-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions: Reagent-Controlled Addition Reactions of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-one to Acyclic Chiral α-Branched Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vesna Milanovic
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Zorana Ferjancic
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Radomir N. Saicic
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Knez Mihailova 35 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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4
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Corkran HM, Munneke S, Dangerfield EM, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Applications and Limitations of the I2-Mediated Carbamate Annulation for the Synthesis of Piperidines: Five- versus Six-Membered Ring Formation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9791-802. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M. Corkran
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Munneke
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emma M. Dangerfield
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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5
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Timmer MS, Dangerfield EM, Cheng JM, Gulab SA, Stocker BL. Rapid synthesis of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin using a carbamate annulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Csíki Z, Fügedi P. Synthesis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Part 4: Synthesis of aza-l-iduronic acid-containing analogs of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides as heparanase inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Schitter G, Scheucher E, Steiner AJ, Stütz AE, Thonhofer M, Tarling CA, Withers SG, Wicki J, Fantur K, Paschke E, Mahuran DJ, Rigat BA, Tropak M, Wrodnigg TM. Synthesis of lipophilic 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives as D-galactosidase inhibitors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:21. [PMID: 20502610 PMCID: PMC2874416 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Alkylation at the ring nitrogen of the D-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin with a functionalised C ₆alkyl chain followed by modification with different aromatic substituents provided lipophilic 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives which exhibit inhibitory properties against β-glycosidases from E. coli and Agrobacterium sp. as well as green coffee bean α-galactosidase. In preliminary studies, these compounds also showed potential as chemical chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis related β-galactosidase mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schitter
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Scheucher
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas J Steiner
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chris A Tarling
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jacqueline Wicki
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Katrin Fantur
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eduard Paschke
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Don J Mahuran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X81
| | - Brigitte A Rigat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X81
| | - Michael Tropak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X81
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Technology Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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The 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl group as a convenient N-protecting group for iminosugars—synthesis of oligosaccharide inhibitors of heparanase. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Chemical and chemo-enzymatic approaches to glycosidase inhibitors with basic nitrogen in the sugar ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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10
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Abstract
8-Azido-5'-aziridino-5'-deoxyadenosine (6), a novel cofactor mimic, was synthesized in nine steps from commercially available 2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine in approximately 4% overall yield. Crucial to this success was a very unorthodox phthalimide cleavage procedure, C8 azidation prior to aziridination and late stage alkylation of the 5' amino group with iodoethanol necessitated by the high degree of lability endowed by the aryl azide moiety. Aziridine 6 is envisioned as a useful biochemical tool by which to probe DNA and protein methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Comstock
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Takahashi S, Kuzuhara H, Nakajima M. Design and synthesis of a heparanase inhibitor with pseudodisaccharide structure. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Asano N, Ishii S, Kizu H, Ikeda K, Yasuda K, Kato A, Martin OR, Fan JQ. In vitro inhibition and intracellular enhancement of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A activity in Fabry lymphoblasts by 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin and its derivatives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:4179-86. [PMID: 10866822 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) activity. Deficiency of the enzyme activity results in progressive deposition of neutral glycosphingolipids with terminal alpha-galactosyl residue in vascular endothelial cells. We recently proposed a chemical chaperone therapy for this disease by administration of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, at subinhibitory intracellular concentrations [Fan, J.-Q., Ishii, S., Asano, N. and Suzuki, Y. (1999) Nat. Med. 5, 112-115]. 1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin served as a specific chaperone for those mutant enzymes that failed to maintain their proper conformation to avoid excessive degradation. In order to establish a correlation between in vitro inhibitory activity and intracellular enhancement activity of the specific chemical chaperone, a series of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives were tested for activity with both alpha-Gal A and Fabry lymphoblasts. 1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin was the most potent inhibitor of alpha-Gal A with an IC50 value of 0.04 microM. alpha-Galacto-homonojirimycin, alpha-allo-homonojirimycin and beta-1-C-butyl-deoxygalactonojirimycin were effective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.21, 4.3 and 16 microM, respectively. N-Alkylation, deoxygenation at C-2 and epimerization at C-3 of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin markedly lowered or abolished its inhibition toward alpha-Gal A. Inclusion of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, alpha-galacto-homonojirimycin, alpha-allo-homonojirimycin and beta-1-C-butyl-deoxygalactonojirimycin at 100 microM in culture medium of Fabry lymphoblasts increased the intracellular alpha-Gal A activity by 14-fold, 5.2-fold, 2.4-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. Weaker inhibitors showed only a minimum enhancement effect. These results suggest that more potent inhibitors act as more effective specific chemical chaperones for the mutant enzyme, and the potent competitive inhibitors of alpha-Gal A are effective specific chemical chaperones for Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Asano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Amino and hydroxy acid based diastereoselective synthesis of 1-deoxygalactostatin and its imino acid derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Takahashi S, Kuzuhara H. Chemical Transformation of a 1-Deoxynojirimycin Derivative into 1-Deoxymannojirimycin and 1-Deoxygalactostatin. J Carbohydr Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808005772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Double reductive amination of l-arabino-hexos-5-uloses: A diastereoselective approach to 1-deoxy-d-galactostatin derivatives. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Legler G, Korth A, Berger A, Ekhart C, Gradnig G, Stütz AE. 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol and -d-glucitol. Two-step bio-organic syntheses from 5-azido-5-deoxy-d-glucofuranose and -l-idofuranose; evaluation as glucosidase inhibitors and application in affinity purification and characterisation of invertase from yeast. Carbohydr Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Furneaux RH, Tyler PC, Whitehouse LA. Synthesis of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-galactitol from l-sorbose. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-d-galacto-nojirimycin (2-acetamido-1,2,5-trideoxy-1,5-imino-d-galactitol) from 1-deoxynojirimycin. Carbohydr Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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