1
|
Hong Y, Qin J, Forga XB, Totsika M. Extensive Diversity in Escherichia coli Group 3 Capsules Is Driven by Recombination and Plasmid Transfer from Multiple Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0143223. [PMID: 37358457 PMCID: PMC10433991 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01432-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial capsules provide protection against environmental challenges and host immunity. Historically, Escherichia coli K serotyping scheme, which relies on the hypervariable capsules, has identified around 80 K forms that fall into four distinct groups. Based on recent work by us and others, we predicted that E. coli capsular diversity is grossly underestimated. We exploited group 3 capsule gene clusters, the best genetically defined capsule group in E. coli, to analyze publicly available E. coli sequences for overlooked capsular diversity within the species. We report the discovery of seven novel group 3 clusters that fall into two distinct subgroups (3A and 3B). The majority of the 3B capsule clusters were found on plasmids, contrary to the defining feature of group 3 capsule genes localizing at the serA locus on the E. coli chromosome. Other new group 3 capsule clusters were derived from ancestral sequences through recombination events between shared genes found within the serotype variable central region 2. Intriguingly, flanking regions 1 and 3, known to be conserved areas among capsule clusters, showed considerable intra-subgroup variation in clusters from the 3B subgroup, containing genes of shared ancestry with other Enterobacteriaceae species. Variation of group 3 kps clusters within dominant E. coli lineages, including multidrug-resistant pathogenic lineages, further supports that E. coli capsules are undergoing rigorous change. Given the pivotal role of capsular polysaccharides in phage predation, our findings raise attention to the need of monitoring kps evolutionary dynamics in pathogenic E. coli in supporting phage therapy. IMPORTANCE Capsular polysaccharides protect pathogenic bacteria against environmental challenges, host immunity, and phage predations. The historical Escherichia coli K typing scheme, which relies on the hypervariable capsular polysaccharide, has identified around 80 different K forms that fall into four distinct groups. Taking advantage of the supposedly compact and genetically well-defined group 3 gene clusters, we analyzed published E. coli sequences to identify seven new gene clusters and revealed an unexpected capsular diversity. Genetic analysis revealed that group 3 gene clusters shared closely related serotype-specific region 2 and were diversified through recombination events and plasmid transfer between multiple Enterobacteriaceae species. Overall, capsular polysaccharides in E. coli are undergoing rigorous change. Given the pivotal role capsules play in phage interactions, this work highlighted the need to monitor the evolutionary dynamics of capsules in pathogenic E. coli for effective phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Hong
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jilong Qin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xavier Bertran Forga
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determination of ribose and phosphorus contents in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide by a quantitative NMR method using a single internal standard. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:633-640. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Huang BS, Lowary TL. A Siloxane-Bridged Glycosyl Donor Enables Highly Stereoselective β-Xylulofuranosylation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15895-15907. [PMID: 32489097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a siloxane-protected donor (7) for the highly stereoselective formation of β-(2,3-cis)-xylulofuranosyl bonds. Glycosylation reactions with 7 gave >80% yields, and only β-xylulofuranosides were isolated in all cases. The utility of 7 for the synthesis of complex glycans was shown by its successful application to the preparation of the repeating unit from the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Yersinia enterocolitica serovars O:5/O:5,27. This structure is a pentasaccharide with two β-xylulofuranose residues; using 7, both were introduced simultaneously with excellent stereocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hong Y, Cunneen MM, Reeves PR. Two extremely divergent sequence forms of the genes that define Escherichia coli group 3 capsules suggest a very long history since their common ancestor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5480460. [PMID: 31089702 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsules are a critical virulence factor in many pathogenic Escherichia coli, of which groups 2 and 3 capsules are synthesised by the ABC transporter pathway. The well-studied forms are in group 2 and much of our knowledge of group 3 is inferred from our understanding of group 2. We analyse six group 3 gene clusters including representatives of K10, K11 and K96, and find unexpected diversity. Groups 2 and 3 both have gene clusters with terminal regions 1 and 3 containing mostly genes shared by all members of both groups, plus a central region 2, that in group 2 has the genes for synthesising the serotype-specific repeat unit. We find that in all but one case group 3 gene clusters include, in addition to serotype-specific genes, a previously unrecognised set of shared genes in region 2 that probably codes for an additional structural element. Also, the six shared genes in regions 1 and 3 of group 3 exist in two very different sequence forms. It appears that the E. coli ABC transporter capsules have a very long history, with more fundamental diversity present in group 3, but greater diversity in the exposed strongly antigenic serotype-specific component encoded by region 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Hong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Monica M Cunneen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gerbst AG, Nikolaev AV, Yashunsky DV, Shashkov AS, Dmitrenok AS, Nifantiev NE. Theoretical and NMR-based Conformational Analysis of Phosphodiester-linked Disaccharides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8934. [PMID: 28827544 PMCID: PMC5566550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational behaviour of three phosphate-bridged dimannosides was studied by means of NMR and computational molecular modelling. First, the conformations of the phosphodiester linker were determined by quantum chemistry methods using dimethyl phosphate as a model. Then, a series of conformations was constructed for each of the studied molecules. Preliminary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the inclusion of a cation had a drastic influence on the obtained results. Additionally, triethylammonium had the same effect as sodium as the counter-ion. After that, another series of MD simulations was run. The resulting MD trajectories were used to define the conformations responsible for the observed nuclear Overhauser effects and inter-nuclear coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei V Nikolaev
- University of Dundee, College of Life Sciences, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry V Yashunsky
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deutschmann R, Boncheff AG, MacInnes JI, Monteiro MA. Discovery and characterization of a fructosylated capsule polysaccharide and sialylated lipopolysaccharide in a virulent strain of Actinobacillus suis. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:325-31. [PMID: 21612441 DOI: 10.1139/o11-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We are developing a serotyping system for Actinobacillus suis based on its capsule (K) and lipopolysaccharide O-chain (O) structures. Previously, we have shown that less virulent strains of this swine pathogen express a (1→6)-β-D-glucan as both K- and O-chain polysaccharides and were serologically classified as K:1/O:1. Here, we show that representative A. suis strains with a high (H91-0380; serotype K:2/O:2) and intermediate (C84; serotype K:2/O:1) degree of virulence possess a capsule polysaccharide (K:2) composed of an O-acetylated diglycosyl phosphate repeat decorated with fructose: [→4)-3-O-Ac-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-[β-D-Fruf-(2→2)]-α-D-Galp-(1→PO(4)(-)→]. In addition, the serotype O:2 lipopolysaccharide was shown to express a sialylated O-chain [→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-[Neu5Ac-(2→3)-α-D-Galp-(1→6)]-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→]. As (1→6)-β-D-glucan is ubiquitous in the environment, low levels of antibodies in the animals are predicted to prevent disease by K:1/O:1 strains. The greater potential associated with K:2/O:2 and K:2/O:1 strains is most likely due to the absence of (1→6)-β-D-glucan as the K antigen and, in the case of K:2/O:2, the presence of sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharide, a nonulosonic acid known to promote evasion of host recognition.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nikolaev AV, Botvinko IV, Ross AJ. Natural phosphoglycans containing glycosyl phosphate units: structural diversity and chemical synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:297-344. [PMID: 17092493 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An anomeric phosphodiester linkage formed by a glycosyl phosphate unit and a hydroxyl group of another monosaccharide is found in many glycopolymers of the outer membrane in bacteria (e.g., capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides), yeasts and protozoa. The polymers (phosphoglycans) composed of glycosyl phosphate (or oligoglycosyl phosphate) repeating units could be chemically classified as poly(glycosyl phosphates). Their importance as immunologically active components of the cell wall and/or capsule of numerous microorganisms upholds the need to develop routes for the chemical preparation of these biopolymers. In this paper, we (1) present a review of the primary structures (known to date) of natural phosphoglycans from various sources, which contain glycosyl phosphate units, and (2) discuss different approaches and recent achievements in the synthesis of glycosyl phosphosaccharides and poly(glycosyl phosphates).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Nikolaev
- College of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
McNally DJ, Jarrell HC, Li J, Khieu NH, Vinogradov E, Szymanski CM, Brisson JR. The HS:1 serostrain of Campylobacter jejuni has a complex teichoic acid-like capsular polysaccharide with nonstoichiometric fructofuranose branches and O-methyl phosphoramidate groups. FEBS J 2005; 272:4407-22. [PMID: 16128810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the CPS biosynthetic loci for several strains of Campylobacter jejuni were sequenced and revealed evidence for multiple mechanisms of structural variation. In this study, the CPS structure for the HS:1 serostrain of C. jejuni was determined using mass spectrometry and NMR at 600 MHz equipped with an ultra-sensitive cryogenically cooled probe. Analysis of CPS purified using a mild enzymatic method revealed a teichoic acid-like [-4)-alpha-d-Galp-(1-2)-(R)-Gro-(1-P](n), repeating unit, where Gro is glycerol. Two branches at C-2 and C-3 of galactose were identified as beta-d-fructofuranoses substituted at C-3 with CH(3)OP(O)(NH(2))(OR) groups. Structural heterogeneity was due to nonstoichiometric glycosylation at C-3 of galactose and variable phosphoramidate groups. Identical structural features were found for cell-bound CPS on intact cells using proton homonuclear and (31)P heteronuclear two-dimensional HR-MAS NMR at 500 MHz. In contrast, spectroscopic data acquired for hot water/phenol purified CPS was complicated by the hydrolysis and subsequent loss of labile groups during extraction. Collectively, the results of this study established the importance of using sensitive isolation techniques and HR-MAS NMR to examine CPS structures in vivo when labile groups are present. This study uncovered how incorporation of variable O-methyl phosphoramidate groups on nonstoichiometric fructose branches is used in C. jejuni HS:1 as a strategy to produce a highly complex polysaccharide from its small CPS biosynthetic locus and a limited number of sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McNally
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bioactive metabolites from phytopathogenic bacteria and plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
10
|
Molinaro A, De Castro C, Evidente A, Holst O, Parrilli M. Structural analysis of a novel putative capsular polysaccharide from Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) caryophylli strain 2151. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:887-91. [PMID: 10092878 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel putative capsular polysaccharide consisting of D-Glcp and D-Fruf in the molar ratio of 1:1 was isolated as minor constituent from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction of Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) caryophylli. Its structure was determined, using mainly one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as: -->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->1)-beta-D-Fruf-(2-->.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The primary structure of the acidic capsular antigen of Escherichia coli O8:K50:H- was shown by glycose analysis, methylation analysis, and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to be composed of repeating linear tetrasaccharide units having the structure: (formula: see text).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Grue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dutton GG, Kuma-Mintah A, Ng SK, Parolis H, Dell A, Reason A. Determination of the structure of the capsular antigen of Escherichia coli O8:K46:H30, using FABMS and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1992; 231:39-50. [PMID: 1394326 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84005-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the capsular antigen from Escherichia coli O8:K46:H30 was elucidated by methylation analysis and 1D and 2D 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and by methylation analysis, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and FABMS of the oligosaccharide-alditol obtained after dephosphorylation of the polymer with aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The capsular polymer is of the teichoic acid type and has the following repeating unit. [Formula: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G G Dutton
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jann B, Jann K. Structure and biosynthesis of the capsular antigens of Escherichia coli. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990; 150:19-42. [PMID: 2404688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74694-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Jann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunobiologie, Freiburg, FRG
| | | |
Collapse
|