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Abstract
The first total synthesis of norlignan glucoside sinenside A has been accomplished. An intramolecular acetalization reaction has been employed as the key skeletal construct to forge the central cyclic disaccharide core. The trans-1,2-diol configuration present in the cyclic disaccharide of this natural product is unique and has been addressed by setting this configuration at the beginning. A 1,2-orthoester group has been selected as a handle for both sp glycosidation and for differentiation of the C2'-OH (that participates in the key acetalization reaction) of the sugar unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh M Vadhadiya
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Chepuri V Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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2
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García-Moreno MI, Benito JM, Mellet CO, Fernández JMG. Chemical and enzymatic approaches to carbohydrate-derived spiroketals: di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs). Molecules 2008; 13:1640-70. [PMID: 18794777 PMCID: PMC6245366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-D-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs) comprise a unique family of stereoisomeric spiro-tricyclic disaccharides formed upon thermal and/or acidic activation of sucrose- and/ or D-fructose-rich materials. The recent discovery of the presence of DFAs in food products and their remarkable nutritional features has attracted considerable interest from the food industry. DFAs behave as low-caloric sweeteners and have proven to exert beneficial prebiotic nutritional functions, favouring the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. In the era of functional foods, investigation of the beneficial properties of DFAs has become an important issue. However, the complexity of the DFA mixtures formed during caramelization or roasting of carbohydrates by traditional procedures (up to 14 diastereomeric spiroketal cores) makes evaluation of their individual properties a difficult challenge. Great effort has gone into the development of efficient procedures to obtain DFAs in pure form at laboratory and industrial scale. This paper is devoted to review the recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of DFAs by means of chemical and enzymatic approaches, their scope, limitations, and complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabel García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - Juan M. Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; E-mail:
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3
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Manley‐Harris M, Nicholson BK, Thomson RA. The Structure Of Hexa‐O‐acetyl‐α‐d‐fructofuranose‐β‐d‐fructofuranose 1,2′:2,6′‐Dianhydride. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merilyn Manley‐Harris
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brian K. Nicholson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ralph A. Thomson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
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4
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Rubio EM, García-Moreno MI, Balbuena P, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM. Rigid spacer-mediated synthesis of bis-spiroketal ring systems: stereoselective synthesis of nonsymmetrical spiro disaccharides. Org Lett 2006; 7:729-31. [PMID: 15704936 DOI: 10.1021/ol0474094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of the "rigid spacer-mediated linkage between nonreacting centers" concept to the preparation of nonsymmetrical bis-spiroketal structures is demonstrated by the stereoselective synthesis of the bis-spiro fructodisaccharide 1, a minor component of industrial caramels. An o-xylylene bridge has been used to limit the conformational space during the intramolecular glycosylation-spirocyclization reaction of a difructopyranose precursor, thus controlling both the ring size and the stereochemistry at the spiro centers. [Structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Rubio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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5
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Kaji E, Saiga R, Kurimoto E, Nishino T. Catalytic, Stereoselective Glycosylation - Spiroketalization of 3,4,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-fructopyranose Generating Di-D-fructopyranose- 1,2’:2,1’-dianhydride. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(o)50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Lundt I, Bock K. Christian Pedersen 1926–2003. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(06)60001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Benito JM, Rubio E, Gómez-Garcı́a M, Mellet CO, Garcı́a Fernández JM. Carbohydrate-derived spiroketals: stereoselective synthesis of di-d-fructose dianhydrides. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Li X, Takahashi H, Ohtake H, Shiro M, Ikegami S. Stereoselective synthesis and structure elucidation of spiro-ketodisaccharides. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Benito JM, Gómez-García M, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Defaye J. Carbohydrate-derived spiroketals. Stereoselective synthesis of di-D-fructose dianhydrides by boron trifluoride promoted glycosylation-spiroketalization of acetal precursors. Org Lett 2001; 3:549-52. [PMID: 11178822 DOI: 10.1021/ol006953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Di-D-fructose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydrides, dispiro-tricyclic disaccharides widely found in food materials, have been stereoselectively prepared in one-pot reaction from O-protected D-fructose 1,2-acetonide precursors by treatment with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The dimerization sequence involves (i) cleavage of the anomeric acetal linkage, (ii) autoglycosylation, and (iii) final spiroketalization, the stereochemical outcome being strongly dependent on the nature of the hydroxyl protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Benito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo. 553, E-41071 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Defaye J. Sulfur Atom Participation in Thiooligosaccharide Chemistry: Synthesis of 1‘-Thiotrehalulose and 1‘-epi-Thiotrehalulose and Comparative Reactivity with the O-Linked Disaccharide Analogue, Trehalulose. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo972203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. García Fernández
- CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire/Glucides, BP 138, F-38243 Meylan, France
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire/Glucides, BP 138, F-38243 Meylan, France
| | - Jacques Defaye
- CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire/Glucides, BP 138, F-38243 Meylan, France
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11
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Pozsgay V, Dubois EP, Lotter H, Neszmélyi A. Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic study of cyclobis-(1 → 2)-α-d-glucopyranosyl peracetate. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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13
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Manley-Harris M, Richards GN. Di-D-fructose dianhydrides and related oligomers from thermal treatments of inulin and sucrose. Carbohydr Res 1996; 287:183-202. [PMID: 8766206 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(96)00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of anhydrous, acidified sucrose or inulin yields caramels containing monosaccharides and oligomers, predominantly dianhydrides and higher oligomers derived by the addition of glycosyl residues to dianhydrides. Fourteen dianhydrides, most of which comprise two fructose moieties, have been identified by mass spectroscopy of the per-O-trimethylsilyl ethers. Thirteen of these dianhydrides have been isolated and characterized; five of the dianhydrides are novel compounds and one of these is a glucose-fructose dianhydride. The dianhydrides and related oligomers are thought to have a prebiotic effect by stimulating the proliferation of bifidobacteria in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manley-Harris
- Shafizadeh Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula 59812, USA
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14
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15
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Huwig A, Emmel S, Giffhorn F. Preparation of D-sorbose from L-glucitol by bioconversion with Pseudomonas sp. Ac. Carbohydr Res 1996; 281:183-6. [PMID: 8839185 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Huwig
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
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16
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Bergamaschi BA, Hedges JI. A multichambered apparatus for HF solvolysis experiments: reaction of cellulose HF solvolysis products with acetic acid and acetic anhydride. Carbohydr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00279-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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García Fernández J, Schnelle RR, Defaye J. Stereoselective synthesis of di-β-d-fructopyranose 1,2′:2,1′-dianhydride, a spirodioxanyl pseudodisaccharide with metal cation complexing properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)00389-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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García Fernández JM, Gadelle A, Defaye J. Difructose dianhydrides from sucrose and fructo-oligosaccharides and their use as building blocks for the preparation of amphiphiles, liquid crystals, and polymers. Carbohydr Res 1994; 265:249-69. [PMID: 7842445 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlled selective protonic activation of the fructosyl moiety in sucrose and fructo-oligosaccharides, with pyridinium poly (hydrogen fluoride) at 20 degrees C, yielded either the kinetic product alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (1), or its thermodynamically more stable isomer alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (2), depending on the hydrogen fluoride-pyridine ratio. A similar reaction was performed with 6,6'-dichloro-6,6'-dideoxysucrose, or 6,6'-dideoxy-6,6'-diiodosucrose, using a slightly higher ratio of HF, resulting in the corresponding 6-deoxy-6-halo-alpha-D-fructofuranose 6'-deoxy-6'-halo-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride derivatives. Both 6,6'-dihalides were converted, upon action of the appropriate nucleophile, into the difructofuranose dianhydride derivatives bearing the 6,6'-di-S-heptyl-6,6'-dithio, 6,6'-diazido-6,6'-dideoxy and then 6,6'-diamino-6,6'-dideoxy functionalities. 6-Chloro-6-deoxy and 6-deoxy-6-iodo derivatives of 2 were also prepared by direct halogenation, and further converted into the 6-S-heptyl-6-thio, 6-azido-6-deoxy and then 6-amino-6-deoxy derivatives of 2. Reaction of chloromethyloxirane with 1 or 2 yielded hydrophilic polymers. The 6,6'-di-S-heptyl-6,6'-dithio derivative of 1 displayed liquid crystal properties. The 6,6'-dideoxy-6,6'-diiodosucrose precursor was prepared by the reaction of Garegg's iodine-imidazole-triphenylphosphine reagent with sucrose in N,N-dimethylformamide solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M García Fernández
- CNRS and CEA, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée/SESAM, Centre d'Etudes de Grenoble, France
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Goddat J, Grey AA, Hricovíni M, Grushcow J, Carver JP, Shah RN. Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharides with intramolecular NH-glycosidic linkages: molecules with flexible and rigid glycosidic bonds for conformational studies. Carbohydr Res 1994; 252:159-70. [PMID: 8137358 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Attempted dephthalimidation of the trisaccharide 1-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl- 2,6-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl )-alpha-D-mannopyranose (1) and its derivatives 2 and 3, as well as the disaccharide 1-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl- 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranose (13), with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol at 80 degrees C, produced the trisaccharide-6-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-3,4-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-mannopyranose-3',4',6'-tri-O-a cet yl- beta-D-glucopyranose 1,2'-N:1',2-O-dianhydride (4) and 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-mannopyranose 3',4',6'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranose 1,2'-N:1',2-O-dianhydride (14), respectively, containing an intramolecular NH-glycosidic linkage. The conventional deblocking of compounds 4 and 14 gave the completely deblocked trisaccharide 6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-mannopyranose beta-D-glucopyranose 1,2'-N:1',2-O-dianhydride (6) and the disaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose beta-D-glucopyranose 1,2'-N:1',2-O-dianhydride (16), respectively, containing an intact intramolecular NH-glycosidic bond. The unusual intra NH-glycosyl character makes the linkage rigid, and therefore these compounds should not only be useful for NMR studies but also as substrates or inhibitors of GlcNAc-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goddat
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Defaye J, García Fernández JM. Synthesis of dispirodioxanyl pseudo-oligosaccharides by selective protonic activation of isomeric glycosylfructoses in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Carbohydr Res 1994; 251:1-15. [PMID: 8149367 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dispirodioxanyl pseudotetrasaccharides 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructopyranose 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, and 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride were respectively obtained, on a preparative scale, by dissolution of the isomeric glycosylfructoses palatinose, leucrose, maltulose, lactulose, and turanose in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The reaction, involving selective protonation at the free anomeric position of the fructose unit, was extended to the preparation of the pseudotrisaccharides 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2',1-dianhydride from palatinose and fructose, and to its 3-O-, 4-O-, and 4'-O-glucosyl analogues using turanose and maltulose as the disaccharide precursor. The cross-reactions of palatinose with maltulose and with leucrose resulted in the preparation of 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride and 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranose 5-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Defaye
- Département de Recherche Fondamentale, Matière Condensée/SESAM, Centre d'Etudes de Grenoble, France
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21
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Abstract
Sucrose reacts quantitatively, when dissolved at high concentration in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, to afford a complex mixture of difructose dianhydrides and their glucosylated derivatives. Oligo- and small poly-saccharides up to dp 14 were detected by FABMS. Oligosaccharides up to dp 4, representing approximately 50% of the total mixture, have been isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and comparison with reference oligosaccharides previously obtained by unambiguous synthesis. alpha-D-Fructofuranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride is the main spirodioxanyl pseudodisaccharide entity found in the mixture, either free or glucosylated at C-6 and to a lesser extent at C-3, C-4, C-4', C-6, and C-5' C-6. Minor spirodioxanyl pseudodisaccharide components are di-beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, which has also been found glucosylated at C-5, alpha-D-fructopyranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride, beta-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride, and the 6,6'-diglucosylated alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride. A 13C NMR examination of the higher mass oligomeric fraction suggests that it may involve 6-O-isomaltooligoglycosyl alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructopyranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydrides as the main structural components. The reaction of sucrose in anhydrous HF is believed to proceed through initial selective protonic activation of the tertiary anomeric carbon atom of the fructose moiety, resulting in the quantitative formation of difructose dianhydrides, which subsequently suffer electrophilic substitution by glucopyranosyl oxocarbenium ions generated in a second step by action of the HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Defaye
- Département de Recherche Fondamentale, Matière Condensée/SESAM, Centre d'Etudes de Grenoble, France
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22
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Defaye J, García Fernández JM. Selective protonic activation of isomeric glycosylfructoses with pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) and synthesis of spirodioxanyl oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1992; 237:223-47. [PMID: 1338189 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(92)84246-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective activation of the ketose unit in the isomeric glycosylfructoses, palatinose, leucrose, maltulose, turanose and lactulose, with pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) resulted in the almost quantitative formation of glycosylated difructose dianhydrides. The reaction preferentially involves a reactive fructofuranosyl oxocarbenium ion and is subject to stereoelectronic control. The relative amounts of isomeric spirodioxanyl oligosaccharides obtained within a series was shown to depend on the reaction conditions, especially on the hydrogen fluoride-pyridine ratio. Using suitable concentrations of hydrogen fluoride in pyridine, the reaction was easily directed to the formation of the kinetic difuranosyl or thermodynamic pyranosyl derivatives. More rigorous conditions resulted in the specific hydrolysis of one glycosidic bond in the tetrasaccharides derived from palatinose, leucrose and turanose, to yield spirodioxanyl trisaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Defaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Glucides, Equipe CNRS, SDI 5509, DRFMC/SESAM, Centre d' Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, France
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23
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Fernández JM, Defaye J. The Reactivity of 1--α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose (trehalulose) in pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) or anhydrous HF. New D-glucose D-fructose mixed dianhydrides. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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