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Vibhute AM, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ando H. Advanced Chemical Methods for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Applications in Sialoglycan Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3194-3223. [PMID: 34028159 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid is an important component of cell surface glycans, which are responsible for many vital body functions and should therefore be thoroughly studied to understand their biological roles and association with disorders. The difficulty of isolating large quantities of homogenous-state sialoglycans from natural sources has inspired the development of the corresponding chemical synthesis methods affording acceptable purities, yields, and amounts. However, the related syntheses are challenging because of the difficulties in α-glycosylation of sialic acid, which arises from its certain structural features such as the absence of a stereodirecting group at the C3 position and presence of carboxyl group at the anomeric position. Moreover, the structural complexities of sialoglycans with diverse numbers and locations of sialic acid on the glycan chains pose additional barriers. Thus, efficient α-stereoselective routes to sialosides remain highly sought after, although various types of sialyl donors/acceptors have been developed for the straightforward synthesis of α-sialosides. Herein, we review the latest progress in the α-stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and their applications in the preparation of gangliosides and other sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Wang X, Gu G, Cai F. Improved α-Sialylation through the Synergy of 5- N,4- O-Oxazolidinone Protection and Exocyclic C-1 Neighboring Group Participation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13589-13601. [PMID: 33058677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of α-sialyl linkages is one of the most significant challenges in carbohydrate chemistry. In this research, we developed a novel strategy for stereoselective synthesis of α-linked sialosides by protecting the 5-N,4-O-positions of a sialyl donor with an oxazolidinone group and its C-1 carboxylic functionality with a cyanoethyl ester to promote α-glycosylation. We also adopted the more electrophilic N-bromosuccinimide as a promoter to readily activate p-tolyl thiosialoside at -78 °C. The sialylation using this sialyl donor gave excellent yields and α-selectivity. The new synthetic method was used to successfully construct naturally occurring α-sialosides having sialic acid linked to the 6-O- or 3-O-position of galactoside, or 8-O-position of another sialic acid, respectively, as well as other α-linked sialosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui S. Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Xiao M, Lei N, Zhang Y, Huo Z, Ding D, Gao J, Guo Z, Gu G, Cai F. Per-O-Benzylated Ethyl 5-N-Acetyl-α-thiosialoside as a Glycosyl Donor for α-Silylation. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1508589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Lei
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenni Huo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dahai Ding
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Investigations of methodologies aimed on improving the stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and the efficient assembly of sialic acid glycoconjugates has been the mission of dedicated research groups from the late 1960s. This review presents major accomplishments in the field, with the emphasis on significant breakthroughs and influential synthetic strategies of the last decade.
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Amarasekara H, Crich D. Synthesis and intramolecular glycosylation of sialyl mono-esters of o-xylylene glycol. The importance of donor configuration and nitrogen protecting groups on cyclization yield and selectivity; isolation and characterization of a N-sialyl acetamide indicative of participation by acetonitrile. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:113-120. [PMID: 27744142 PMCID: PMC5110385 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cyclization reactions, leading to spirocyclic medium ring-sized diolides, of o-(hydroxymethyl)xylylene monoesters of sialyl thioglycosides is described. Cyclization yields and stereoselectivities are found to vary as a function of the anomeric stereochemistry of the thioglycoside and of the N5 protecting group, and these effects are discussed in terms of the reaction mechanism. Cyclization in the presence of acetonitrile results in the isolation and characterization of a Ritter-type N-sialyl acetamide, which affords strong evidence for the participation of acetonitrile in the form of sialyl nitrilium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Abstract
Sialic acids, also known as neuraminic acids, are a family of negatively charged α-keto acids with a nine-carbon backbone. These unique sugars have been found at the termini of many glycan chains of vertebrate cell surface, which play pivotal roles in mediating or modulating a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This brief review covers general approaches for synthesizing sialic acid containing structures. Recently developed synthetic methods along with structural diversities and biological functions of sialic acid are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
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Hanashima S, Ishikawa D, Akai S, Sato KI. Synthesis of the starfish ganglioside LLG-3 tetrasaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:747-52. [PMID: 19281969 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the ganglioside LLG-3 tetrasaccharide, which has attractive biological activities as well as a unique structure, is described. A C8-methoxy decorated sialic acid building block was initially prepared and a glycolic acid moiety was then introduced by sialylation. Amide condensation between the sialyl glycolic acid and an amino group at C5 on the sialyllactoside unit afforded the fully protected LLG-3 tetrasaccharide. Finally, the desired tetrasaccharide part of LLG-3 was obtained after careful global deprotection. [structure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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De Meo C, Priyadarshani U. C-5 Modifications in N-acetyl-neuraminic acid: scope and limitations. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1540-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Autar R, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. A facile synthesis of the GalNAcβ1→4Gal target sequence of respiratory pathogens. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2436-42. [PMID: 16111663 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate sequence, GalNAcbeta1-->4Gal, is the target for the adhesion of several respiratory pathogens. The sequence was prepared in an optimized synthesis in forms that allow conjugation to scaffolds or surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Autar
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Ren CT, Chen CS, Wu SH. Synthesis of a sialic acid dimer derivative, 2'alpha-O-benzyl Neu5Ac-alph-(2-->5)Neu5Gc. J Org Chem 2002; 67:1376-9. [PMID: 11846690 DOI: 10.1021/jo015930v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a disaccharide 2, Neu5Ac-alpha-(2-->5)Neu5Gc having a alpha-benzyl protecting group at the reducing end, by the coupling of the easily accessible building units 4 and 5 is described. Subsequent deprotection of the coupling adduct led to the isolation of the target compound 2 in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tai Ren
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Piskorz CF, Matta KL. The 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) group in carbohydrate synthesis: first total synthesis of the GlyCAM-1 oligosaccharide structures. Chemistry 2001; 7:356-67. [PMID: 11271521 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010119)7:2<356::aid-chem356>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of the GlyCAM-1 (glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1) oligosaccharide structures: [alpha-NeuAc-(2 --> 3)-beta-Gal-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-Fuc-(1 --> 3)]-beta-(6-O-SO3Na)-GlcNAc-(1 --> 6)]-[alpha-NeuAc-(2 --> 3)-beta-Gal-(1 --> 3)]-alpha-GalNAc-OMe (1) and [alpha-NeuAc-(2 --> 3)-beta-Gal-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-Fuc-(1 --> 3)]-beta-GlcNAc-(1 --> 6)]-[alpha-NeuAc-(2 3)-beta-Gal-(1 --> 3)]-alpha-GalNAc-OMe (2) through a novel sialyl LewisX tetrasaccharide donor are described. Employing sequential glycosylation strategy, the starting trisaccharide was regio- and stereoselectively constructed through coupling of a disaccharide imidate with the monosaccharide acceptor phenyl-6-O-naphthylmethyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside with TMSOTf as a catalyst without affecting the SPh group. The novel sialyl Lewisx tetrasaccharide donor 3 was then obtained by alpha-L-fucosylation of trisaccharide acceptor with the 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-L-fucoside donor. The structure of the novel sialyl Lewisx tetrasaccharide was established by a combination of 2D DQF-COSY and 2D ROESY experiments. Target oligosaccharides 1 and 2 were eventually constructed through heptasaccharide which was obtained by regioselective assembly of advanced sialyl Lewisx tetrasaccharide donor 3 and a sialylated trisaccharide acceptor in a predictable and controlled manner. Finally, target heptasaccharides 1 and 2 were fully characterized by 2D DQF-COSY, 2D ROESY, HSQC, HMBC experiments and FAB mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xia
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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14
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Xia J, Alderfer JL, Piskorz CF, Locke RD, Matta KL. A convergent synthesis of trisaccharides with alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-gal-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-GlcNAc and alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-gal-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-GalNAc sequences. Carbohydr Res 2000; 328:147-63. [PMID: 11028783 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of three trisaccharides: alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-GlcNAc --> OMe, alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Gal6SO3Na-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-GlcNAc --> OMe, and alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-GalNAc --> OBn were accomplished by using either methyl (phenyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-2-thio-beta-D-glycero-D-g alacto-2-nonulopyranoside)onate or methyl (phenyl N-acetyl-5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-2-thio-beta-D-gl ycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranoside)onate as the sialyl donor. The N,N-diacetylamino sialyl donor appears to be more reactive than its parent acetamido sugar when allowed to react with an disaccharide acceptor under the same glycosylation conditions. The trisaccharides, as well as the intermediate products, were fully characterized by 2D DQF 1H-1H COSY and 2D ROESY spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xia
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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15
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Miyazaki T, Sato H, Sakakibara T, Kajihara Y. An Approach to the Precise Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 13C-Labeled Sialyloligosaccharide on an Intact Glycoprotein: A Novel One-Pot [3-13C]-Labeling Method for Sialic Acid Analogues by Control of the Reversible Aldolase Reaction, Enzymatic Synthesis of [3-13C]-NeuAc-α-(2→3)-[U-13C]-Gal-β-(1→4)-GlcNAc-β- Sequence onto Glycoprotein, and Its Conformational Analysis by Developed NMR Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja994211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Miyazaki
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Integrated Science, and Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 Japan, and Bruker Japan Co., Ltd. 21-5, Ninomiya, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051 Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Integrated Science, and Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 Japan, and Bruker Japan Co., Ltd. 21-5, Ninomiya, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051 Japan
| | - Tohru Sakakibara
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Integrated Science, and Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 Japan, and Bruker Japan Co., Ltd. 21-5, Ninomiya, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Integrated Science, and Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 Japan, and Bruker Japan Co., Ltd. 21-5, Ninomiya, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051 Japan
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Kirschning A, Bechthold AFW, Rohr J. Chemical and biochemical aspects of deoxysugars and deoxysugar oligosaccharides. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Garegg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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18
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Barresi F, Hindsgaul O. Chemically Synthesized Oligosaccharides, 1994. A Searchable Table of Glycosidic Linkages. J Carbohydr Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309508005396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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