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Zhang F, Walcott B, Zhou D, Gustchina A, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Ferreira RS, Correia MTS, Paiva PM, Bovin NV, Wlodawer A, Oliva ML, Linhardt RJ. Structural studies of the interaction of Crataeva tapia bark protein with heparin and other glycosaminoglycans. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2148-56. [PMID: 23448527 PMCID: PMC3855636 DOI: 10.1021/bi400077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CrataBL, a protein isolated from Crataeva tapia bark, which is both a serine protease inhibitor and a lectin, has been previously shown to exhibit a number of interesting biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, and insecticidal activities. Using a glycan array, we have now shown that only sulfated carbohydrates are effectively bound by CrataBL. Because this protein was recently shown to delay clot formation by impairing the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, we considered that its natural ligand might be heparin. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that interacts with a number of proteins, including thrombin and antithrombin III, which have a critical, essential pharmacological role in regulating blood coagulation. We have thus employed surface plasmon resonance to improve our understanding of the binding interaction between the heparin polysaccharide and CrataBL. Kinetic analysis shows that CrataBL displays strong heparin binding affinity (KD = 49 nM). Competition studies using different size heparin-derived oligosaccharides showed that the binding of CrataBL to heparin is chain length-dependent. Full chain heparin with 40 saccharides or large oligosaccharides, having 16-18 saccharide residues, show strong binding affinity for CrataBL. Heparin-derived disaccharides through tetradecasaccharides show considerably lower binding affinity. Other highly sulfated GAGs, including chondroitin sulfate E and dermatan 4,6-disulfate, showed CrataBL binding affinity comparable to that of heparin. Less highly sulfated GAGs, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A and C, and dermatan sulfate displayed modest binding affinity as did chondroitin sulfate D. Studies using chemically modified heparin show that N-sulfo and 6-O-sulfo groups on heparin are essential for CrataBL-heparin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Benjamin Walcott
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Dongwen Zhou
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alla Gustchina
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - David F. Smith
- Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rodrigo S. Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza S. Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M.G. Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nicolai V. Bovin
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maria L.V. Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Boyd RL, Tucek CL, Godfrey DI, Izon DJ, Wilson TJ, Davidson NJ, Bean AG, Ladyman HM, Ritter MA, Hugo P. The thymic microenvironment. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1993; 14:445-59. [PMID: 8216723 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90248-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R L Boyd
- Dept of Pathology and Immunology, Monash Medical School, Prahran, Australia
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Yamamura T, Sun D, Aloisi F, Klinkert WE, Wekerle H. Interaction between oligodendroglia and immune cells: mitogenic effect of an oligodendrocyte precursor cell line on syngeneic T lymphocytes. J Neurosci Res 1992; 32:178-89. [PMID: 1383559 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490320207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed cellular interactions between T lymphocytes and a recently established immortal glial line, L3 that retains several properties of immature oligodendrocytes (Aloisi et al., J Neurosci Res 27:16-24, 1990). L3 oligodendrocytes (L3-OL) cannot be induced to express class II antigens, nor do they specifically present antigen to syngeneic specific T lymphocyte. However, L3-OL strongly enhance the proliferation of freshly activated, interleukin-2(IL-2)-dependent T-line lymphocytes and concanavalin A (ConA)-activated lymphoblasts, irrespective of their antigen specificity or surface phenotype (CD4+ or CD8+). Resting and some activated T cells were susceptible to the mitogenic effect of L3-OL only in the presence of exogenous IL-2, not of other cytokines. The mitogenic effect of L3-OL did not depend on cell viability. It was observed in paraformaldehyde-fixed L3-OL cells and in membrane preparations, but not in culture supernatant. Neither intact L3-OL cells nor membrane preparations had direct IL-2 activity. The conclusion that the mitogenic effect of L3-OL cells is exerted by membrane structures acting as a costimulatory factor(s) of IL-2 is supported by the finding that it is largely blocked by a monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibody. The effect is distinct from membrane-bound IL-1, membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-3, or IL-6 and cannot be reconstituted by these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamamura
- Clinical Research Unit for Multiple Sclerosis, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Gnezditskaya �V, Bazanova EA, Beletskaya LV. Localization of cytoplasmic antigens of cells of differentiated layers of the epidermis in epithelium of the human thymus. Bull Exp Biol Med 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00839672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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