Active specific immunotherapy with extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigen, cyclophosphamide, and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones

The improved effects of specific active immunotherapy on a rat fibrosarcoma by antitumor drugs

We have tried to find out if the combination of a xenogenized tumor cell vaccine and antitumor drugs is able to induce a synergistic increase in the antitumor therapeutic effect. The degree of increase in the LTD50 (50% lethal tumor dose) is expressed numerically, as a quantitative index designed to compare degrees of transplantation resistance to tumor cell challenge. A LTD50 was achieved by an intradermal (i.d.) immunization with xenogenized tumor cells when challenged with tumor cells implanted intraperitoneally 2 weeks after the immunization: this LTD50 value was 527,000 times higher than that of the non-immunized group. When we combined this type of immunization with appropriate doses of bleomycin (BLM) or cyclophosphamide (CY), which are able to augment antitumor immunity, the LTD50 was 723,000-1,190,000 times higher than that of the non-immunized group. This increase in the LTD50 is definitely higher than that achieved by a single immunization with irradiated tumor cells (x 33,000) and combined with either BLM (x 93,000) or CY (x 140,000). We also studied the therapeutic effect of a tumor cell vaccine combined with antitumor drugs BLM or CY in tumor-bearing rats. We observed a synergistic effect caused by BLM or CY after i.d. immunization with xenogenized tumor cells: this showed a significant increase when compared with the therapeutic effects obtained by chemotherapy alone (P less than 0.01). Nevertheless, there was no evidence that the above antitumor effects is superior to the effect achieved by irradiated tumor cells.