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Stoian SA, Moshari M, Ferentinos E, Grigoropoulos A, Krzystek J, Telser J, Kyritsis P. Electronic Structure of Tetrahedral, S = 2, [Fe{(EP iPr 2) 2N} 2], E = S, Se, Complexes: Investigation by High-Frequency and -Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy, and Quantum Chemical Studies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10990-11005. [PMID: 34288665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the electronic structures of two pseudotetrahedral complexes of FeII, [Fe{(SPiPr2)2N}2] (1) and [Fe{(SePiPr2)2N}2] (2), using high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) and field-dependent 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies. This investigation revealed S = 2 ground states characterized by moderate, negative zero-field splitting (zfs) parameters D. The crystal-field (CF) theory analysis of the spin Hamiltonian (sH) and hyperfine structure parameters revealed that the orbital ground states of 1 and 2 have a predominant dx2-y2 character, which is admixed with dz2 (∼10%). Although replacing the S-containing ligands of 1 by their Se-containing analogues in 2 leads to a smaller |D| value, our theoretical analysis, which relied on extensive ab initio CASSCF calculations, suggests that the ligand spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays a marginal role in determining the magnetic anisotropy of these compounds. Instead, the dx2-y2β → dxyβ excitations yield a large negative contribution, which dominates the zfs of both 1 and 2, while the different energies of the dx2-y2β → dxzβ transitions are the predominant factor responsible for the difference in zfs between 1 and 2. The electronic structures of these compounds are contrasted with those of other [FeS4] sites, including reduced rubredoxin by considering a D2-type distortion of the [Fe(E-X)4] cores, where E = S, Se; X = C, P. Our combined CASSCF/DFT calculations indicate that while the character of the orbital ground state and the quintet excited states' contribution to the zfs of 1 and 2 are modulated by the magnitude of the D2 distortion, this structural change does not impact the contribution of the excited triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Mahsa Moshari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Eleftherios Ferentinos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Grigoropoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical, and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Panayotis Kyritsis
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Levesanos N, Liyanage WPR, Ferentinos E, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P, Sanakis Y, Choudhury A, Stavropoulos P, Nath M, Kyritsis P. Investigating the Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Properties of [Fe{(EPiPr2)2N}2] (E = S, Se) and the Formation of Iron Selenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Levesanos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Wipula P. R. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Eleftherios Ferentinos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Yiannis Sanakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolgy; N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”; Aghia Paraskevi 15310 Attiki Greece
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Pericles Stavropoulos
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Manashi Nath
- Department of Chemistry; Missouri University of Science and Technology; 65409 Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Panayotis Kyritsis
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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Zadrozny JM, Greer SM, Hill S, Freedman DE. A flexible iron(ii) complex in which zero-field splitting is resistant to structural variation. Chem Sci 2015; 7:416-423. [PMID: 29861991 PMCID: PMC5952318 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The zero-field splitting parameters D and E in the iron(ii) complex [Fe(C3S5)2]2– are shown to be remarkably resistant to a twist of the inter-ligand dihedral angle (θd) from 90 to 70°.
The relationship between electronic structure and zero-field splitting dictates key design parameters for magnetic molecules. In particular, to enable the directed synthesis of new electronic spin based qubits, developing complexes where zero-field splitting energies are invariant to structural changes is a critical challenge. Toward those ends, we report three salts of a new compound, a four-coordinate iron(ii) complex [Fe(C3S5)2]2– ([(18-crown-6)K]+ (1), Ph4P+ (2), Bu4N+ (3)) with a continuous structural variation in a single parameter, the dihedral angle (θd) between the two C3S52– ligands, as a function of counterion (θd = 89.98(4)° for 1 to 72.41(2)° for 3). Electron paramagnetic resonance data for 1–3 reveal zero-field splitting parameters that are unusually robust to the structural variation. Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate that the structural variation in θd primarily affects the highest-energy 3d-orbitals (dxz and dyz) of the iron(ii) ion. These orbitals have the smallest impact on the zero-field splitting parameters, thus the distortion has a minor effect on D and E. These results represent the first part of a directed effort to understand how spin state energies may be fortified against structural distortions for future applications of qubits in non-crystalline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Zadrozny
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Tallahassee , FL 32310 , USA
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Tallahassee , FL 32310 , USA.,Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
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Wu J, Dai W, Farnaby JH, Hazari N, Le Roy JJ, Mereacre V, Murugesu M, Powell AK, Takase MK. Synthesis and catalytic activity of iron complexes with bidentate NHC ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7404-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vrajmasu VV, Münck E, Bominaar EL. Theoretical Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Tetrathiolato Iron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:4867-79. [PMID: 15285661 DOI: 10.1021/ic040049w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structures of a number of [M(SR)(4)](n-) complexes, where M is a 3d transition metal and R is an alkyl or aryl group, have been analyzed using density functional theory (DFT). Special attention is paid to the Fe(II)/Fe(III) mimics of rubredoxin. The Fe(II) model complex [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](2-) has an equilibrium conformation with D2d symmetry. The DFT energy has been decomposed into contributions for ligand-ligand and metal-ligand interactions. The latter contribution is analyzed with the angular overlap model (AOM) and constitutes the dominant stereospecific interaction in the Fe(II) complex. The sulfur lone-pair electrons exert anisotropic pi interactions on the 3d(6) shell of Fe(II), which are controlled by the torsion angles, omega(i), for the rotations of the S(i)-C(beta) bonds around the Fe-S(i) axes. In contrast, the pi interactions acting on the high-spin 3d(5) shell of Fe(III) are isotropic. As a consequence, the stereochemistry of the Fe(III) complexes is determined by the Coulomb repulsions between the ligands and has S(4) symmetry. The electrostatic repulsions between the lone pairs of the sulfurs are an essential component of the ligand-ligand interaction. The lone-pair repulsions distort the 90 degree angle SFeS' angles (delta + delta(t)) and give rise to a correlation between delta and omega, which is confirmed by crystallographic data. Both the Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes exhibit structural bistability due to the presence of low-lying equilibrium conformations with S(4) symmetry in which the complex can be trapped by the crystalline host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Vrajmasu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Reynolds JG, Zalkin A, Templeton DH, Edelstein NM. Crystal structure of tetrakis[bis(N,N'-dimethylethylenediamido)uranium(IV)], tetrameric globular complex. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50174a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bobrik MA, Hodgson KO, Holm RH. Inorganic derivatives of iron-sulfide-thiolate dimers and tetramers. Structures of tetrachloro-.mu.-disulfido-diferrate(III) and tetrakis(chloro-.mu.3-sulfido-iron) dianions. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50174a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belinsky MI. Exchange variation of zero-field splittings in [Fe4S4]+ clusters of ferredoxins with high-spin S=3/2 ground state. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kröckel M, Trautwein AX, Winkler H, Coucouvanis D, Kostikas A, Papaefthymiou V. A synthetic iron-containing prismane complex: peculiar electron-delocalization and spin-coupling properties deduced from Mössbauer and magnetization studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fukui K, Masuda H, Ohya-Nishiguchi H, Kamada H. Effects of CoS torsion angle variation in a cobalt(II)-thiolate complex: X-ray crystal structure analysis, single-crystal EPR measurements and ligand-field calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The electronic structure of FeS centers in proteins and models a contribution to the understanding of their electron transfer properties. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-59105-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jostes R, Müller A. Thiometalato complexes: Electronic structures and the relation to their chemical and physical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(88)80146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trautwein AX, Bill E, Bläs R, Lauer S, Winkler H, Kostikas A. Iron sulfur and iron molybdenum sulfur compounds: Comparison of molecular orbital calculations and spin‐Hamiltonian analysis of Mössbauer spectra. J Chem Phys 1985. [DOI: 10.1063/1.448916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ground-state electronic and magnetic properties of MS2−4 derived trinuclear M-Fe-S complexes (M = Mo, W). Chem Phys Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(81)80248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Müller A, Jostes R, Tölle H, Trautwein A, Bill E. On the electronic structure of compounds with FeSMo units. Properties of [Cl2FeS2MoS2]2− (M = Mo, W). Inorganica Chim Acta 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Champion PM, Sievers AJ. Far infrared magnetic resonance in FeSiF6⋅6H2O and Fe(SPh)42−. J Chem Phys 1977. [DOI: 10.1063/1.434200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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