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Yu T, Wu X, Ning X, Chen Y, Zhou X, Dai X, Liu F, Liu S. Ro-vibrational Distribution of NO + Dissociated from NO 2+ Ions in the a 3B 2 and b 3A 2 States: A Slow "Impulsive" Dissociation Example Revealed from Threshold Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3316-3326. [PMID: 33861064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the contentions about dissociative photoionization mechanism of nitrogen dioxide via the a3B2 and b3A2 ionic states, a new threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) velocity imaging has been conducted in the 12.8-14.0 eV energy range at the Hefei Light Source. The fine vibrational-resolved threshold photoelectron spectrum agrees well with the previous measurements. The ro-vibrational distributions of NO+, as the unique fragment ion in the dissociation of NO2+ in specific vibronic levels of a3B2 and b3A2 states, are derived from the recorded TPEPICO velocity images. A "cold" vibrational (v+ = 0) and "hot" rotational population is observed at the a3B2(0,3,0) and (0,4,0) vibronic levels, while the dissociation of NO2+ in b3A2(0,0,0) leads to the NO+ fragment with both hot vibrational and rotational populations. With the aid of the quantum chemical calculations at the time-dependent B3LYP level, minimum energy paths on the potential energy surfaces of the a3B2 and b3A2 states clarify their adiabatic dissociation mechanisms near the thresholds, and this study proposes reliable explanations for the observed internal energy distributions of fragment ions. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the application of the classical "impulsive" model on an overall slow dissociation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongpo Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaohan Ning
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Fox JL, Dalgarno A. The vibrational distribution of N2+in the terrestrial ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia08p07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pranszke B, Ławicki A, Kowalski A, Ottinger C. Luminescence study of the N++O2 collisions. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Viggiano AA. Reexamination of ionospheric chemistry: high temperature kinetics, internal energy dependences, unusual isomers, and corrections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2557-71. [PMID: 16738710 DOI: 10.1039/b603585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of aspects of ionospheric chemistry are revisited. The review discusses in detail only work performed at AFRL, but other work is mentioned. A large portion of the paper discusses measurements of the kinetics of upper ionospheric reactions at very high temperatures, i.e. the upper temperature range has been extended to at least 1400 K and in some cases to 1800 K. These temperatures are high enough to excite vibrations in O2, N2, and NO and comparing them to drift tube data allows information on the rotational temperature and vibrational level dependences to be derived. Rotational and translational energy are equivalent in controlling the kinetics in most reactions. Vibrational energy in O2 and N2 is often found to promote reactivity which is shown to cause ionospheric density depletions. NO vibrations do not significantly affect the reactivity. In a number of cases, detailed calculations accompanied the experimental studies and elucidated details of the mechanisms. Kinetics of two peroxide isomers important in the lower ionospheric have been measured for the first time, i.e. NOO+ and ONOO-. Finally, two examples are shown where errors in previous data are corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731-3010, USA
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Midey AJ, Viggiano AA, Zhang P, Irle S, Morokuma K. A Study of the Reaction of N+ with O2: Experimental Quantification of NO+(a 3∑+) Production (298−500 K) and Computational Study of the Overall Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:3080-6. [PMID: 16509629 DOI: 10.1021/jp054376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The product branching ratios for NO+(X 1Sigma+) and NO+(a 3Sigma+) produced from the reaction of N+ with O2 have been measured at 298 and 500 K in a selected ion flow tube. Approximately 0.5% of the total products are in NO+(a) at both temperatures, despite the fact that the reaction to form NO+(a) is 0.3 eV exothermic. High-level ab initio calculations of the potential energy surfaces for the N+ + O2 reaction show that the reaction from N+(3P) + O2(3Sigma(g)) reactants starts with an efficient early stage charge transfer to the N(2D) + O2+(X 2Pi) channel, which gives rise to the O2+(X 2Pi) product and, at the same time, serves as the starting point for all of the reaction channels leading to NO+ and O+ products. Pathways to produce NO+(a 3Sigma+) are found to be less favorable than pathways leading to the major product NO+(X 1Sigma+). Production of N(2D) has implications for the concentration of NO in the mesosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Midey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd., Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts 01731-3010, USA
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Hirst DM. Ab initio potential energy surfaces for excited states of the NO2+ molecular ion and for the reaction of N+ with O2. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1413977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Levandier DJ, Chiu YH, Dressler RA. Charge transfer and chemical reaction dynamics in hyperthermal O++NO collisions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dotan I, Hierl PM, Morris RA, Viggiano A. Rate constants for the reactions of N+ and N2+ with O2 as a function of temperature (300–1800 K). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ferguson EE. A Personal history of the early development of the flowing afterglow technique for ion-molecule reaction studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1992; 3:479-486. [PMID: 24234490 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(92)85024-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1991] [Revised: 09/18/1991] [Accepted: 09/18/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A personal perspective of the historical development of the flowing afterglow (FA) technique for measuring thermal energy ion-molecule reaction rate constants is presented. The technique was developed in the period starting in late 1962 in what was then the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado. The motivation was primarily to obtain a quantitative understanding of the ion chemistry of the terrestrial ionosphere, a program that was substantially achieved. The thermal energy measurements were extended in temperature from 300 K to a range of 80 K-900 K and subsequently to a center-of-mass kinetic energy range up to ∼ 2 eV with the introduction of a drift tube into the FA.The chemical versatility, in regard to both the ion and the neutral reactants measured, remains unequaled and FA systems are currently in widespread use around the world for a variety of chemical research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Ferguson
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, 80303-3328, Boulder, CO
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Langford AO, Bierbaum VM, Leone SR. Branching ratios for electronically excited oxygen atoms formed in the reaction of N+ with O2 at 300 K. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.450377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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O’Keefe A, Mauclaire G, Parent D, Bowers MT. Product energy disposal in the reaction of N+(3P) with O2(X 3Σ). J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.450173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Federer W, Dobler W, Howorka F, Lindinger W, Durup‐Ferguson M, Ferguson EE. Collisional relaxation of vibrationally excited NO+(v) ions. J Chem Phys 1985. [DOI: 10.1063/1.449466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Macdonald R, Miller OA. Low dose-rate radiolysis of nitrogen: Yield of nitrogen atoms, N(4S) and N(2D,2P). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamilton CE, Bierbaum VM, Leone SR. Vibrational energy disposal in polyatomic ion–molecule reactions: SF−6+H, D→SF−5+HF(v), DF(v). J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guyer DR, Hüwel L, Leone SR. Single collision ion–molecule reactions at thermal energy: Rotational and vibrational distributions from N++CO→N+CO+. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.445933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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