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Deller A, Hogan SD. Excitation and characterization of long-lived hydrogenic Rydberg states of nitric oxide. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:144305. [PMID: 32295365 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High Rydberg states of nitric oxide (NO) with principal quantum numbers between 40 and 100 and lifetimes in excess of 10 µs have been prepared by resonance enhanced two-color two-photon laser excitation from the X 2Π1/2 ground state through the A 2Σ+ intermediate state. Molecules in these long-lived Rydberg states were detected and characterized 126 µs after laser photoexcitation by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The laser excitation and electric field ionization data were combined to construct two-dimensional spectral maps. These maps were used to identify the rotational states of the NO+ ion core to which the observed series of long-lived hydrogenic Rydberg states converge. The results presented pave the way for Rydberg-Stark deceleration and electrostatic trapping experiments with NO, which are expected to shed further light on the decay dynamics of these long-lived excited states, and are of interest for studies of ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S D Hogan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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2
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Niyaz F, Gallagher TF. Forced autoionisation in the Yb 6 snd series. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1597197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Niyaz
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - T. F. Gallagher
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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3
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Baer T, Tuckett RP. Advances in threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (TPES) and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9698-9723. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The history and evolution of molecular threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (TPEPICO) over the last fifty years are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Baer
- Chemistry Department
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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4
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Sprecher D, Liu J, Krähenmann T, Schäfer M, Merkt F. High-resolution spectroscopy and quantum-defect model for the gerade triplet np and nf Rydberg states of He2. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:064304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4864002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Chao SD, Hayashi M, Lin SH, Schlag EW. On the Electric Field Effect on the Dynamics of High Rydberg States of Hydrogen Atom and the Model of ZEKE Spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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BIXON M, JORTNER JOSHUA. Intramolecular coupling between non-penetrating high molecular Rydberg states. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/002689796173787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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8
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From Rydberg State Dynamics to Ion-Molecule Reactions using Zeke Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141601.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Chen W, Liu J, Ng CY. Vacuum Ultraviolet Pulsed Field Ionization−Photoelectron Study for N2O+ in the Energy Range of 16.3−21.0 eV. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022389d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C. Y. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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10
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Remacle F, Weinkauf R, Steinitz D, Kompa K, Levine R. Molecular logic by optical spectroscopy with output transfer by charge migration along a peptide. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Braun JE, Neusser HJ. Threshold photoionization in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2002; 21:16-36. [PMID: 12210612 DOI: 10.1002/mas.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon excitation in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) is shown to lead to threshold ions with defined internal energy. A powerful technique for the production of threshold ions is based on the excitation of high long-lived Rydberg states embedded in the ionization continuum. The Rydberg molecules are separated with suitable separation techniques from ions produced by a direct multi-photon ionization process. Finally, the ionization of the Rydberg molecules in a delayed pulsed electric field leads to threshold ions. This work reviews several separation techniques, and reports on applications of threshold ionization for investigation of the structure, energetics, and dynamics of neutral molecules, molecular cations, and cluster cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Erik Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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12
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Dickinson H, Rolland D, Softley TP. Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory (MQDT) Analysis of the (2 + 1‘) Mass Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) Spectroscopy of NH3. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dickinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Rolland
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - T. P. Softley
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Remacle F, Schlag EW, Selzle H, Kompa KL, Even U, Levine RD. Logic gates using high Rydberg states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:2973-8. [PMID: 11248016 PMCID: PMC30591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.061019998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Connected logic gates can be operated on the levels of one molecule by making use of the special properties of high Rydberg states. Explicit experimental results for the NO molecule are provided as an example. A number of other options, including that of several gates concatenated so as to operate as a full adder, are discussed. Specific properties of high Rydberg states that are used are: their autoionization is delayed so that they can be distinguished from direct multiphoton ionization, during their long life such states also can decay by energy transfer to the molecular core in a way that can be controlled by the judicious application of very weak external electrical fields, and the Rydberg states can be detected by the application of an ionizing electrical field. The combination of two (or three) color photons with and without external weak fields allows the construction of quite elaborate logic circuit diagrams and shows that taking advantage of the different intramolecular dynamics of levels that differ by their excitation enables the compounding of logic operations on one molecular frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Remacle
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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14
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Song Y, Evans M, Ng CY, Hsu CW, Jarvis GK. Rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization photoelectron bands for O2+(a 4Πu, v+=0–18) in the energy range of 16.0–18.0 eV. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Warntjes JBM, Robicheaux F, Bakker JM, Noordam LD. Autoionizing Rydberg states of NO in strong electric fields. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Remacle F, Vrakking MJJ. Decay Dynamics of the Predissociating High Rydberg States of NO. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Remacle
- Département de Chimie, B6, Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc J. J. Vrakking
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
The unusual properties of high molecular Rydberg states with principal quantum number n>>100 have enabled the development of new research tools for the study of molecules and ions in the gas phase. These tools range from spectroscopic techniques such as zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy and mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy to techniques that are suited to the investigation of photodissociation processes, bimolecular reactions, and state-selected ion-molecule reactions. This review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the properties of high molecular Rydberg states and gives an overview of recent chemical applications of these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Merkt
- Laboratorium fur Physikalische Chemie ETH-Zurich Zurich CH-8092 Switzerland.
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18
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Matsui H, Behm JM, Grant ER. Photoselection and the Appearance of Franck−Condon-Forbidden Thresholds in the ZEKE Spectrum of NO2. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jane M. Behm
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Edward R. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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19
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Remacle F, Levine RD. Time and frequency resolved spectra of high molecular Rydberg states by dynamical computations. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Remacle F, Levine RD. Physical aspects and quantitative theory of time resolved spectroscopy of high molecular Rydberg states. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Held A, Baranov LY, Selzle HL, Schlag EW. Electric field and ion concentration effects on the production of zero-kinetic energy states of benzene: A unified mechanism. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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22
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Neuhauser RG, Siglow K, Neusser HJ. High n Rydberg spectroscopy of benzene: Dynamics, ionization energy and rotational constants of the cation. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Softley TP, Hudson AJ, Watson R. Multichannel quantum defect theory Stark effect calculation of autoionization lifetimes in high-n Rydberg states of Ar, N2 and H2. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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24
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Remacle F, Even U, Levine RD. Time and Frequency Resolved ZEKE Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp963005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Remacle
- Département de Chimie, B6, Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - U. Even
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024-1569
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25
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Kong W, Hepburn J. PFI-ZEKE spectroscopy using coherent vacuum UV: O2+ (a 4IIu) ← O2 (X3Σg−). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(96)04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Remacle F, Levine RD, Schlag EW, Selzle HL, Held A. Electric Field Effects on Long Living ZEKE States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9603804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Remacle
- Département de Chimie, B6, Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - E. W. Schlag
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - H. L. Selzle
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Held
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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27
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Remacle F, Levine RD. Rotational autoionization and interseries coupling of high Rydberg states by the anisotropy of the molecular core: The quantal long time evolution. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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28
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Mackenzie S, Halse E, Gordon E, Rolland D, Softley T. Pulsed-field ionization spectroscopy of CO via the E1Π state and NO via the B2Π state. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(96)00088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Remacle F, Levine R. Towards an algebraic approach to the quantal time evolution of high Rydberg states. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bixon
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joshua Jortner
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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32
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Merkt F, Xu H, Zare RN. Preparation and characterization of long‐lived molecular Rydberg states: Application to HD. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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34
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Neuhauser R, Neusser HJ. Alignment of gas phase molecules by dynamic Stark effect with coherent narrow‐band ultraviolet laser pulses. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Vrakking MJJ, Fischer I, Villeneuve DM, Stolow A. Collisional enhancement of Rydberg lifetimes observed in vibrational wave packet experiments. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Merkt F, Mackenzie SR, Softley TP. Rotational autoionization dynamics in high Rydberg states of nitrogen. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Muhlpfordt A, Even U. Autoionizing Rydberg and zero electron kinetic energy states in Ar. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Chandra N, Sen S. Auger electron spectroscopy of molecules: Angular and spin correlation with photoelectrons from rotating linear molecules. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Pratt ST. Zero kinetic energy, pulsed‐field ionization spectroscopy of hydrogen iodide. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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40
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Bryant GP, Jiang Y, Martin M, Grant ER. Rovibrational structure of NO+2 and state‐to‐state dynamics in the high‐resolution threshold photoionization of NO2. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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41
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Weitzel KM, Mähnert J, Penno M. Rotational effects in ionic reactions investigated by the ZEKE-PEPICO technique. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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43
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45
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46
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Pulsed field ionization threshold photelectron spectroscopy of the fluorescing N2O+ (A 2Σ+) state. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Merkt F. Collisional and electric field effects in the delayed pulsed field ionization zero‐kinetic‐energy photoelectron spectrum of argon. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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48
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Fielding HH, Softley TP. Multichannel-quantum-defect-theory analysis of the Stark effect in autoionizing Rydberg states of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:969-981. [PMID: 9910326 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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49
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Merkt F, Mackenzie SR, Rednall RJ, Softley TP. Zero‐kinetic‐energy photoelectron spectrum of carbon dioxide. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Kong W, Rodgers D, Hepburn JW. Pulsed field ionization threshold photoelectron spectroscopy with coherent vacuum ultraviolet: NO+(a 3Σ+v=0,1,2)←NO(X 2Π1/2). J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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