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Straus DB, Cava RJ. Self-Assembly of a Chiral Cubic Three-Connected Net from the High Symmetry Molecules C 60 and SnI 4. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13155-13161. [PMID: 32672943 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The design of new chiral materials usually requires stereoselective organic synthesis to create molecules with chiral centers. Less commonly, achiral molecules can self-assemble into chiral materials, despite the absence of intrinsic molecular chirality. Here, we demonstrate the assembly of high-symmetry molecules into a chiral van der Waals structure by synthesizing crystals of C60(SnI4)2 from icosahedral buckminsterfullerene (C60) and tetrahedral SnI4 molecules through spontaneous self-assembly. The SnI4 tetrahedra template the Sn atoms into a chiral cubic three-connected net of the SrSi2 type. Our results represent the remarkable emergence of a self-assembled chiral material from two of the most highly symmetric molecules, demonstrating that almost any molecular, nanocrystalline, or engineered precursor can be considered when designing chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Straus
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
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Ren J, Niu M, Guo X, Liu Y, Yang X, Chen M, Hao X, Zhu Y, Chen H, Li H. Bulk-Heterojunction with Long-Range Ordering: C60 Single-Crystal with Incorporated Conjugated Polymer Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1630-1635. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mengsi Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Min Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Lei Y, Wang S, Lai Z, Yao X, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen H. Two-dimensional C 60 nano-meshes via crystal transformation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8692-8698. [PMID: 30742169 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing a rational and general approach towards complex two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures represents potential promising applications in a wide variety of fields, such as electronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. However, the synthesis of 2D nanoscale superstructures remains a great challenge because of the great difficulty in arranging the growth units in a rational manner. Here, we develop a simple yet effective solution-phase strategy to achieve hexagonal mesh networks made of aligned nanorods which are obtained via crystal transformation of 2D C60 microplates. The transformation is triggered by the removal and inclusion of solvent molecules and hence, driven by a small free energy difference. The change in the local solvent environment leads to the formation of pores in the C60 plates and the subsequent growth of nanorods. The epitaxial growth of ordered nanorod arrays is due to the matching lattice between the (111) facet of the fcc plate and the (101[combining macron]0) facet of the hcp rod. This route of co-solvent induced crystal transformation provides a unique mechanistic perspective and a new direction for designing complex crystals. Furthermore, more complicated 2D C60 mesh networks, such as multi-layer hexagonal meshes, have also been rationally achieved via such a facile crystal transformation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Lei
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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Aksenova VV, Nikonova RM, Lad’yanov VL, Mukhgalin VV. Thermostimulated structural changes in C60-CCl4 and C70-CCl4 crystal solvates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024414100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Park C, Park JE, Choi HC. Crystallization-induced properties from morphology-controlled organic crystals. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2353-64. [PMID: 24901373 DOI: 10.1021/ar5000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, many materials chemists have focused on the development of organic molecules that can serve as the basis of cost-effective and flexible electronic, optical, and energy conversion devices. Among the potential candidate molecules, metal-free or metal-containing conjugated organic molecules offer high-order electronic conjugation levels that can directly support fast charge carrier transport, rapid optoelectric responses, and reliable exciton manipulation. Early studies of these molecules focused on the design and synthesis of organic unit molecules that exhibit active electrical and optical properties when produced in the form of thin film devices. Since then, researchers have worked to enhance the properties upon crystallization of the unit molecules as single crystals provide higher carrier mobilities and exciton recombination yields. Most recently, researchers have conducted in-depth studies to understand how crystallization induces property changes, especially those that depend on specific crystal surfaces. The different properties that depend on the crystal facets have been of particular interest. Most unit molecules have anisotropic structures, and therefore produce crystals with several unique crystal facets with dissimilar molecular arrangements. These structural differences would also lead to diverse electrical conductance, optical absorption/emission, and even chemical interaction properties depending on the crystal facet investigated. To study the effects of crystallization and crystal facet-dependent property changes, researchers must grow or synthesize crystals of highly conjugated molecules that have both a variety of morphologies and high crystallinity. Morphologically well-defined organic crystals, that form structures such as wires, rods, disks, and cubes, provide objects that researchers can use to evaluate these material properties. Such structures typically occur as single crystals with well-developed facets with dissimilar molecular arrangements. Recently, researchers have proposed several approaches for the vapor and solution phase synthesis of high quality organic crystals with various morphologies. In this Account, we focus on methodologies for the synthesis of various organic- and metal-containing highly conjugated molecular crystals. We also examine the new optical and chemical properties of these materials. In addition, we introduce recent experimental results demonstrating that high crystallinity and specific molecular arrangements lead to crystallization-induced property changes. We believe that the understanding of the crystallization-induced property changes in organic crystals will provide both fundamental knowledge of the chemical processes occurring at various interfaces and opportunities for researchers to take advantage of crystallization-induced property changes in the development of high-performance organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibeom Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Center
for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems (CALDES), Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), San 31, Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Center
for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems (CALDES), Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), San 31, Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Center
for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems (CALDES), Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), San 31, Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Chaturbedy P, Matte HR, Voggu R, Govindaraj A, Rao C. Self-assembly of C60, SWNTs and few-layer graphene and their binary composites at the organic–aqueous interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:249-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lim H, Shin HS, Song HJ, Choi HC. Conversion of single-crystalline C60 nanodisks and nanorods into graphitic nanostructures via hydrogen thermal annealing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:145601. [PMID: 19420529 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/14/145601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a process to convert C(60) nanostructures into graphitic nanostructures. Disk-shaped and wire-shaped C(60) nanostructures synthesized by the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method, the vapor-solid process, and solvent evaporation were successfully converted into graphitic structures by thermal annealing in hydrogen at 900 degrees C. Scanning electron and tunneling electron microscopic studies confirmed that the converted nanostructures were composed of multi-graphitic structures such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon onions. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and conductance measurements were carried out to further confirm the successful formation of graphitic layers. In the Raman spectra, the nanostructures converted from C(60) disks showed signature D, G, and G(') bands of graphitic structures, while the A(g) mode (1469 cm(-1)) of the original C(60) molecule disappeared. C(60) nanowire devices fabricated for the conductance measurements of the converted structures showed dramatically decreased resistance (R approximately 100 kOmega) compared to the pristine C(60) wire (R>100 MOmega). Further manipulation of the reaction environment, including the gas and the annealing temperature, may reveal a new way to attain diverse graphitic nanostructures economically.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Park C, Song HJ, Choi HC. The critical effect of solvent geometry on the determination of fullerene (C60) self-assembly into dot, wire and disk structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4803-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b909888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sathish M, Miyazawa K. Size-tunable hexagonal fullerene (C60) nanosheets at the liquid-liquid interface. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13816-7. [PMID: 17956101 DOI: 10.1021/ja076251q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Sathish
- Fullerene Engineering Group, Advanced Nano Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Barrio M, López DO, Tamarit JL, Szwarc H, Toscani S, Céolin R. C60CCl4 phase diagram: polythermal behaviour of solvates C60, 12 CCl4 and C60, 2 CCl4. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kolodziejski W, Corma A, Wozniak K, Klinowski J. 13C → 1H Cross-Polarization NMR in Solids at Natural 13C Abundance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Świetlik R, Byszewski P, Kowalska E. Interactions of C60 with organic molecules in solvate crystals studied by infrared spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smith AL, Walter E, Korobov MV, Gurvich OL. Some Enthalpies of Solution of C60 and C70. Thermodynamics of the Temperature Dependence of Fullerene Solubility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952873z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagano Y, Tamura T. Stoichiometry and phase behavior of carbon tetrachloride solvates of C60. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Céolin R, Agafonov V, Bachet B, Gonthier-Vassal A, Szwarc H, Toscani S, Keller G, Fabre C, Rassat A. Solid-state studies on C60 solvates grown from n-heptane. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Keita B, Nadjo L, Céolin R, Agafonov V, André D, Szwarc H, Dugué J, Fabre C, Rassat A. Atomic force microscopy characterization of stable faces in cubic C60 and hexagonal C60, 2CCl4 single crystals. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)87034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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