The equivalence of explicitly correlated Slater and Gaussian functions in variational quantum chemistry computations

Angular-Momentum Extrapolations to the Complete Basis Set Limit: Why and When They Work

The leading L^-3 dependence of the errors in the energies computed with nuclei-centered basis sets comprising functions with angular momenta not exceeding L is rigorously proven for the ¹Σ states of linear molecules and molecular ions with arbitrary even numbers of electrons. This major expansion of the domain of applicability over that offered by the routinely cited Hill asymptotic expression, which is valid only for the helium isoelectronic series, is accomplished with a formalism in which the off-diagonal cusp conditions for the one- and two-electron reduced density matrices play the central role. Despite being provided by these results with theoretical foundations more solid than ever before, the angular-momentum extrapolations to the complete basis set limit appear to work more by happenstance than mathematical rigor due to the poorly predictable variability in the prefactor multiplying the L^-3 term and the far from negligible contributions from the terms involving higher powers of L^-1.

Solving the Schrödinger equation of hydrogen molecule with the free complement-local Schrödinger equation method: Potential energy curves of the ground and singly excited singlet and triplet states, Σ, Π, Δ, and Φ

The free-complement (FC) theory for solving the Schrödinger equation (SE) was applied to calculate the potential energy curves of the ground and excited states of the hydrogen molecule (H₂) with the ¹Σ_g ⁺, ¹Σ_u ⁺, ³Σ_g ⁺, ³Σ_u ⁺, ¹Π_g, ¹Π_u, ³Π_g, ³Π_u, ¹Δ_g, ¹Δ_u, ³Δ_g, ³Δ_u, ¹Φ_g, ¹Φ_u, ³Φ_g, and ³Φ_u symmetries (in total, 54 states). The initial functions of the FC theory were formulated based on the atomic states of the hydrogen atom and its positive and negative ions at the dissociation limits. The local Schrödinger equation (LSE) method, which is a simple sampling-type integral-free methodology, was employed instead of the ordinary variational method and highly accurate results were obtained stably and smoothly along the potential energy curves. Thus, with the FC-LSE method, we succeeded to perform the comprehensive studies of the H₂ molecule from the ground to excited states belonging up to higher angular momentum symmetries and from equilibriums to dissociation limits with almost satisfying spectroscopic accuracy, i.e., 10^-6 hartree order around 1 cm^-1, as absolute solutions of the SE by moderately small calculations.

Spectroscopy of H3+ based on a new high-accuracy global potential energy surface

The molecular ion H(3)(+) is the simplest polyatomic and poly-electronic molecular system, and its spectrum constitutes an important benchmark for which precise answers can be obtained ab initio from the equations of quantum mechanics. Significant progress in the computation of the ro-vibrational spectrum of H(3)(+) is discussed. A new, global potential energy surface (PES) based on ab initio points computed with an average accuracy of 0.01 cm(-1) relative to the non-relativistic limit has recently been constructed. An analytical representation of these points is provided, exhibiting a standard deviation of 0.097 cm(-1). Problems with earlier fits are discussed. The new PES is used for the computation of transition frequencies. Recently measured lines at visible wavelengths combined with previously determined infrared ro-vibrational data show that an accuracy of the order of 0.1 cm(-1) is achieved by these computations. In order to achieve this degree of accuracy, relativistic, adiabatic and non-adiabatic effects must be properly accounted for. The accuracy of these calculations facilitates the reassignment of some measured lines, further reducing the standard deviation between experiment and theory.

A systematic investigation of the ground state potential energy surface of H3+

Based on different ab initio electronic structure calculations (CI-R12 and Gaussian Geminals) of the Born-Oppenheimer electronic energy E(BO) of H(3)(+) from high to highest quality, we build up a potential energy surface which represents a highly reliable form of the topology of the whole potential region, locally and globally. We use the CI-R12 method in order to get within reasonable CPU-time a relatively dense grid of energy points. We demonstrate that CI-R12 is good enough to give an accurate surface, i.e., Gaussian Geminals are not absolutely necessary. For different types of potential energy surface fits, we performed variational calculations of all bound vibrational states, including resonances above the dissociation limit, for total angular momentum J = 0. We clarify the differences between different fits of the energy to various functional forms of the potential surface. Small rms-values (<1 cm(-1)) of the fit do not provide precise information about the interpolatory behaviour of the fit functions.

Explicitly correlated potential energy surface of H3+, including relativistic and adiabatic corrections

After a short historical account of the theory of the H3+ ion, two ab initio methods are reviewed that allow the computation of the ground-state potential energy surface (PES) of H3+ in the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, with microhartree or even sub-microhartree accuracy, namely the R12 method and the method of explicitly correlated Gaussians. The BO-PES is improved by the inclusion of relativistic effects and adiabatic corrections. It is discussed how non-adiabatic effects on rotation and vibration can be simulated by corrections to the moving nuclear masses. The importance of the appropriate analytic fit to the computed points of the PES for the subsequent computation of the rovibronic spectrum is addressed. Some recent extensions of the computed PES in the energy region above the barrier to linearity are reviewed. This involves a large set of input geometries and the correct treatment of the dissociation asymptotics, including the coupling with the first excited singlet state. Some comments on this state as well as on the lowest triplet state of H3+ are made. The paper ends with a few remarks on the ion H5+.

High precision variational calculations for the Born-Oppenheimer energies of the ground state of the hydrogen molecule

Born-Oppenheimer approximation Hylleraas variational calculations with up to 7034 expansion terms are reported for the 1sigma(g)+ ground state of neutral hydrogen at various internuclear distances. The nonrelativistic energy is calculated to be -1.174 475 714 220(1) hartree at R = 1.4 bohr, which is four orders of magnitude better than the best previous Hylleraas calculation, that of Wolniewicz [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 1792 (1995)]. This result agrees well with the best previous variational energy, -1.174 475 714 216 hartree, of Cencek (personal communication), obtained using explicitly correlated Gaussians (ECGs) [Cencek and Rychlewski, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 1252 (1993); Cencek et al., ibid. 95, 2572 (1995); Rychlewski, Adv. Quantum Chem. 31, 173 (1998)]. The uncertainty in our result is also discussed. The nonrelativistic energy is calculated to be -1.174 475 931 399(1) hartree at the equilibrium R = 1.4011 bohr distance. This result also agrees well with the best previous variational energy, -1.174 475 931 389 hartree, of Cencek and Rychlewski [Rychlewski, Handbook of Molecular Physics and Quantum Chemistry, edited by S. Wilson (Wiley, New York, 2003), Vol. 2, pp. 199-218; Rychlewski, Explicitly Correlated Wave Functions in Chemistry and Physics Theory and Applications, edited by J. Rychlewski (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2003), pp. 91-147.], obtained using ECGs.

First-principles rovibrational analysis of the H3+-molecule

The fitting of highly accurate potential energy points and of the diagonal adiabatic coupling for H3+ using different functional forms is presented. A recently derived analytical potential based on 69 points has been extended to give a highly reliable form of the topology of the surface far beyond the barrier to linearity. Rovibrational frequencies have been derived and are compared with experiment. Detailed information about the experimentally observed rovibrational transitions near 1.25 microm will be given. The computed transition frequencies reproduce experimental transitions within a tenth up to a few hundredths of a wavenumber, if a simulation of non-adiabatic effects is taken into account.