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Abstract
To celebrate 2015 as the 'International Year of Light', this article offers a short survey of the progress made since the award of the Nobel Prize of 1999 to Professor Ahmed Zewail for his pioneering work on taking the timescale for observation of light-induced events down to the femtosecond level. Developments have included the extension of studies (i) to larger molecules, leading up to biological systems; (ii) the increased range of detection methods of transient species from the UV-Vis to the infrared region; (iii) the introduction of Raman spectroscopy to augment IR studies; (iv) examination of combination events to supplement dissociation events; (v) the interrogation of transient structures by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; (vi) the study of reactions taking place at solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence J. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- University of Warwick. Cardiff High School, Watford Grammar School and Jesus College Oxford
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Altoè P, Climent T, De Fusco GC, Stenta M, Bottoni A, Serrano-Andrés L, Merchán M, Orlandi G, Garavelli M. Deciphering Intrinsic Deactivation/Isomerization Routes in a Phytochrome Chromophore Model. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15067-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904669x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Altoè
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Teresa Climent
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Giulia C. De Fusco
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Marco Stenta
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Luis Serrano-Andrés
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Manuela Merchán
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Giorgio Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna I-40126, Italy, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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3
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Electronic Properties and Conformation Analysis of Phytochromobilins, Chromophore in Phytochrome. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.9.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Femtosecond kinetics of photoconversion of the higher plant photoreceptor phytochrome carrying native and modified chromophores. Biophys J 2008; 94:4370-82. [PMID: 18199671 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoprocesses of native (phyA of oat), and of C-terminally truncated recombinant phytochromes, assembled instead of the native phytochromobilin with phycocyanobilin (PCB-65 kDa-phy) and iso-phycocyanobilin (iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy) chromophores, have been studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in both their red absorbing phytochrome (P(r)) and far-red absorbing phytochrome (P(fr)) forms. Native P(r) phytochrome shows an excitation wavelength dependence of the kinetics with three main picosecond components. The formation kinetics of the first ground-state intermediate I(700), absorbing at approximately 690 nm, is mainly described by 28 ps or 40 ps components in native and PCB phytochrome, respectively, whereas additional approximately 15 and 50 ps components describe conformational dynamics and equilibria among different local minima on the excited-state hypersurface. No significant amount of I(700) formation can be observed on our timescale for iso-PCB phytochrome. We suggest that iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy either interacts with the protein differently leading to a more twisted and/or less protonated configuration, or undergoes P(r) to P(fr) isomerization primarily via a different configurational pathway, largely circumventing I(700) as an intermediate. The isomerization process is accompanied by strong coherent oscillations due to wavepacket motion on the excited-state surface for both phytochrome forms. The femto- to (sub-)nanosecond kinetics of the P(fr) forms is again quite similar for the native and the PCB phytochromes. After an ultrafast excited-state relaxation within approximately 150 fs, the chromophores return to the first ground-state intermediate in 400-800 fs followed by two additional ground-state intermediates which are formed with 2-3 ps and approximately 400 ps lifetimes. We call the first ground-state intermediate in native phytochrome I(fr 750), due to its pronounced absorption at that wavelength. The other intermediates are termed I(fr 675) and pseudo-P(r). The absorption spectrum of the latter already closely resembles the absorption of the P(r) chromophore. PCB-65 kDa-phy shows a very similar kinetics, although many of the detailed spectral features in the transients seen in native phy are blurred, presumably due to wider inhomogeneous distribution of the chromophore conformation. Iso-PCB-65 kDa-phy shows similar features to the PCB-65 kDa-phy, with some additional blue-shift of the transient spectra of approximately 10 nm. The sub-200 fs component is, however, absent, and the picosecond lifetimes are somewhat longer than in 124 kDa phytochrome or in PCB-65 kDa-phy. We interpret the data within the framework of two- and three-dimensional potential energy surface diagrams for the photoisomerization processes and the ground-state intermediates involved in the two photoconversions.
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Teuchner K, Schulz M, Stiel H, Maisch M, Rudiger W. EXCITED STATE BEHAVIOR OF PHYTOCHROME Pr. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heyne K, Herbst J, Stehlik D, Esteban B, Lamparter T, Hughes J, Diller R. Ultrafast dynamics of phytochrome from the cyanobacterium synechocystis, reconstituted with phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin. Biophys J 2002; 82:1004-16. [PMID: 11806940 PMCID: PMC1301907 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to characterize for the first time the primary photoisomerization dynamics of a bacterial phytochrome system in the two thermally stable states of the photocycle. The 85-kDa phytochrome Cph1 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 expressed in Escherichia coli was reconstituted with phycocyanobilin (Cph1-PCB) and phycoerythrobilin (Cph1-PEB). The red-light-absorbing form Pr of Cph1-PCB shows an approximately 150 fs relaxation in the S(1) state after photoexcitation at 650 nm. The subsequent Z-E isomerization between rings C and D of the linear tetrapyrrole-chromophore is best described by a distribution of rate constants with the first moment at (16 ps)(-1). Excitation at 615 nm leads to a slightly broadened distribution. The reverse E-Z isomerization, starting from the far-red-absorbing form Pfr, is characterized by two shorter time constants of 0.54 and 3.2 ps. In the case of Cph1-PEB, double-bond isomerization does not take place, and the excited-state lifetime extends into the nanosecond regime. Besides a stimulated emission rise time between 40 and 150 fs, no fast relaxation processes are observed. This suggests that the chromophore-protein interaction along rings A, B, and C does not contribute much to the picosecond dynamics observed in Cph1-PCB but rather the region around ring D near the isomerizing C(15) [double bond] C(16) double bond. The primary reaction dynamics of Cph1-PCB at ambient temperature is found to exhibit very similar features as those described for plant type A phytochrome, i.e., a relatively slow Pr, and a fast Pfr, photoreaction. This suggests that the initial reactions were established already before evolution of plant phytochromes began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Heyne
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Bischoff M, Hermann G, Rentsch S, Strehlow D, Winter S, Chosrowjan H. Excited-State Processes in Phycocyanobilin Studied by Femtosecond Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bischoff
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Gudrun Hermann
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Sabine Rentsch
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Dietmar Strehlow
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Stefan Winter
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Haik Chosrowjan
- Institute for Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany, and Institute for Laser Technology, Utsubo-Hommachi 1-8-4, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
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Teuchner K, Schulz-Evers M, Stiel H, Strehlow D, Rüdiger W. Excited-state properties of biliproteins: I. Phytochrome Pr. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rentsch S, Hermann G, Bischoff M, Strehlow D, Rentsch M. Femtosecond Spectroscopic Studies on the Red Light-Absorbing Form of Oat Phytochrome and 2,3-Dihydrobiliverdin. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Teuchner K, Schulz-Evers M, Leupold D, Strehlow D, Rüdiger W. The complex excited state dynamics of the early photocycle of photochrome. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Foerstendorf H, Mummert E, Schäfer E, Scheer H, Siebert F. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome: difference spectra of the intermediates of the photoreactions. Biochemistry 1996; 35:10793-9. [PMID: 8718870 DOI: 10.1021/bi960960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The photocycle of 124 kDa phytochrome A from Avena sativa was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at low temperatures. Difference spectra between the parent state Pr and the intermediates of the Pr-->Pfr pathway, i.e. lumi-R, meta-Ra, and meta-Rc, and between Pfr and the intermediates of the Pfr-->Pr pathway, lumi-F and meta-F, were obtained in 1H2O and 2H2O for the first time. Each spectrum shows characteristic spectral features which allow a clear distinction between the different intermediates. A general feature is that greater changes occur with increasing temperature, i.e. at the later steps of the photoreactions. Nevertheless, the changes in the spectral regions of the protein (amide I and amide II) were found to be surprisingly small, excluding larger conformational changes of the protein. All spectra of the intermediates are characterized by a strong negative band around 1700 cm-1. This band is tentatively assigned to the C = O stretch of ring D of the chromophore. Since it is not observed in the difference spectra between the parent states, it is concluded that ring D is located in a similar molecular environment in Pr and Pfr. In the photoproducts lumi-R and lumi-F, this band undergoes an upshift to 1720 cm-1. The high frequencies suggest that the chromophore is protonated in these intermediates as well as in Pr and Pfr.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Foerstendorf
- Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Riter RR, Edington MD, Beck WF. Protein-Matrix Solvation Dynamics in the α Subunit of C-Phycocyanin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R. Riter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5134 Stevenson Center, P.O. Box 1822-B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Maurice D. Edington
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5134 Stevenson Center, P.O. Box 1822-B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5134 Stevenson Center, P.O. Box 1822-B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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