1
|
Casasús IM, Corrales ME, Murillo-Sánchez ML, Marggi Poullain S, de Oliveira N, Limão-Vieira P, Bañares L. Stark control of multiphoton ionization through Freeman resonances in alkyl iodides. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074302. [PMID: 37581421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of alkyl iodides (RI, R = CnH2n+1, n = 1-4) has been investigated with femtosecond laser pulses centered at 800 and 400 nm along with photoelectron imaging detection. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV)-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectra of gas-phase RIs have been measured in the photon energy range of 5-11 eV using the VUV Fourier transform spectrometer at the VUV DESIRS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL facility. The use of high-laser-field strengths in matter-radiation interaction generates highly non-linear phenomena, such as the Stark shift effect, which distorts the potential energy surfaces of molecules by varying both the energy of electronic and rovibrational states and their ionization energies. The Stark shift can then generate resonances between intermediate states and an integer number of laser photons of a given wavelength, which are commonly known as Freeman resonances. Here, we study how the molecular structure of linear and branched alkyl iodides affects the UV-VUV absorption spectrum, the MPI process, and the generation of Freeman resonances. The obtained results reveal a dominant resonance in the experiments at 800 nm, which counter-intuitively appears at the same photoelectron kinetic energy in the whole alkyl iodide series. The ionization pathways of this resonance strongly involve the 6p(2E3/2) Rydberg state with different degrees of vibrational excitation, revealing an energy compensation effect as the R-chain complexity increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Casasús
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Corrales
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta L Murillo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Marggi Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Casasús IM, Corrales ME, Bañares L. Wavelength dependence of the multiphoton ionization of CH 3I by intense femtosecond laser pulses through Freeman resonances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29616-29628. [PMID: 36449016 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04308d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of methyl iodide, CH3I, has been investigated with the photoelectron imaging (PEI) technique, using high intensity femtosecond laser pulses at different central wavelengths. The use of high laser field strengths alters the way in which matter-radiation interaction takes place. This generates highly nonlinear phenomena, among which we can highlight the Stark shift effect. It can distort the potential energy surfaces of atoms and molecules, varying both the energy of electronic and rovibrational states of these systems and their ionization potentials. In this way, the Stark shift can generate resonances between intermediate states and an integer number of laser photons of a given wavelength, which would be absent in the low intensity regime. The main purpose of this work is the generation, detection and characterization of resonances produced by the Stark shift, commonly known as Freeman resonances, induced by multiphoton ionization of gas-phase CH3I at different laser wavelengths. The results obtained reveal that a multitude of resonances are induced in the ionization of CH3I in the range of intensities employed, involving several Rydberg states. Ionization pathways associated with different degrees of vibrational excitation in both the intermediate states and the molecular cation generated in each of the experiments are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Casasús
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María E Corrales
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang DH, Kim J, Noh HR, Kim SK. Observation of the ponderomotive effect in non-valence bound states of polyatomic molecular anions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7098. [PMID: 34876596 PMCID: PMC8651741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ponderomotive force on molecular systems has rarely been observed hitherto, despite potentially being extremely useful for the manipulation of the molecular properties. Here, the ponderomotive effect in the non-valence bound states has been experimentally demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, giving great promise for the manipulation of polyatomic molecules by the dynamic Stark effect. Entire quantum levels of the dipole-bound state (DBS) and quadrupole-bound state (QBS) of the phenoxide (or 4-bromophenoxide) and 4-cyanophenoxide anions, respectively, show clear-cut ponderomotive blue-shifts in the presence of the spatiotemporally overlapped non-resonant picosecond control laser pulse. The quasi-free electron in the QBS is found to be more vulnerable to the external oscillating electromagnetic field compared to that in the DBS, suggesting that the non-valence orbital of the former is more diffusive and thus more polarizable compared to that of the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Ryoul Noh
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Staniforth M, Stavros VG. Recent advances in experimental techniques to probe fast excited-state dynamics in biological molecules in the gas phase: dynamics in nucleotides, amino acids and beyond. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2013; 469:20130458. [PMID: 24204191 PMCID: PMC3780818 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In many chemical reactions, an activation barrier must be overcome before a chemical transformation can occur. As such, understanding the behaviour of molecules in energetically excited states is critical to understanding the chemical changes that these molecules undergo. Among the most prominent reactions for mankind to understand are chemical changes that occur in our own biological molecules. A notable example is the focus towards understanding the interaction of DNA with ultraviolet radiation and the subsequent chemical changes. However, the interaction of radiation with large biological structures is highly complex, and thus the photochemistry of these systems as a whole is poorly understood. Studying the gas-phase spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics of the building blocks of these more complex biomolecules offers the tantalizing prospect of providing a scientifically intuitive bottom-up approach, beginning with the study of the subunits of large polymeric biomolecules and monitoring the evolution in photochemistry as the complexity of the molecules is increased. While highly attractive, one of the main challenges of this approach is in transferring large, and in many cases, thermally labile molecules into vacuum. This review discusses the recent advances in cutting-edge experimental methodologies, emerging as excellent candidates for progressing this bottom-up approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: Non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235031000092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- a Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences , National Research Council of Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa , Ontario , K1A 0R6 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noller B, Maksimenka R, Fischer I, Armone M, Engels B, Alcaraz C, Poisson L, Mestdagh JM. Femtosecond Dynamics of the tert-Butyl Radical, t-C4H9. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1771-9. [PMID: 17309242 DOI: 10.1021/jp0660839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of the tert-butyl radical, t-C4H9, was investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiments were supported by ab initio calculations. tert-Butyl radicals, generated by flash pyrolysis of azo-tert-butane, were excited into the A 2A1 (3s) state between 347 and 307 nm and the 3p band at 274 and 268 nm and ionized by 810-nm radiation, in a [1 + 2'] or [1 + 3'] process. Electronic structure calculations confirm that the two states are of s and p Rydberg characters, respectively. The carbon framework becomes planar and thus ion-like in both states. The photoelectron spectra are broad and seem to be mediated by accidental intermediate resonances in the probe step. All time-resolved photoelectron spectra can be described by a single decay time. For the A 2A1 state, lifetimes between 180 and 69 fs were measured. Surprisingly, a much longer lifetime of around 2 ps was found for the 3p state. To understand the decay dynamics, the potential energy was computed as a function of several important nuclear coordinates. A [1,2] H-atom shift to the isobutyl radical seems not to be important for the excited-state dynamics. Qualitative considerations indicate curve crossings between the ground state, the 3s state, and a valence state along the asymmetric C-C stretch coordinate that correlates to the dimethylcarbene + methyl product channel. The implications of the present study for earlier work on the nanosecond time scale are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Noller
- University of Würzburg, Institutes of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sorgues S, Mestdagh JM, Gloaguen E, Visticot JP, Heninger M, Mestdagh H, Soep B. Investigation of Ion−Molecule Reactions via Femtosecond Excitation and Ionization of [Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene]n≥1. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sorgues
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J.-M. Mestdagh
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - E. Gloaguen
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J.-P. Visticot
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M. Heninger
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - H. Mestdagh
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - B. Soep
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin-(CNRS-URA-2453), DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (CNRS-UMR-8000), Université de Paris−Sud, Bât 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is emerging as a useful technique for investigating excited state dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules. The sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy to both electronic configurations and vibrational dynamics makes it well suited to the study of ultrafast nonadiabatic processes. We review the conceptual interpretation of wavepacket dynamics experiments, emphasizing the role of the final state. We discuss the advantages of the molecular ionization continuum as the final state in polyatomic wavepacket experiments and show how the electronic structure of the continuum can be used to disentangle electronic from vibrational dynamics. We illustrate these methods with examples from diatomic wavepacket dynamics, internal conversion in polyenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, excited state intramolecular proton transfer, and azobenzene photoiosomerization dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SH, Tang KC, Chen IC, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Schultz T, Underwood JG, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Substituent Effects in Molecular Electronic Relaxation Dynamics via Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: ππ* States in Benzenes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Kuo-Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - J. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - T. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jonathan G. Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Z. Zgierski
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmitt M, Lochbrunner S, Shaffer JP, Larsen JJ, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Electronic continua in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. II. Corresponding ionization correlations. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Blanchet V, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Electronic continua in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Complementary ionization correlations. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
13
|
Blanchet V, Stolow A. Nonadiabatic dynamics in polyatomic systems studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Seideman T. Time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions: A nonperturbative theory. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Seideman
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Steacie Institute,K1A 0R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Villeneuve DM, Fischer I, Zavriyev A, Stolow A. Space charge and plasma effects in zero kinetic energy (ZEKE)photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Martin JDD, Hepburn JW, Alcaraz C. Efficiency of High-n Rydberg-State Stabilization in Pulsed-Field Ionization Zero-Kinetic-Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970797p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Beams and Laser Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - J. W. Hepburn
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Beams and Laser Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - C. Alcaraz
- LURE, Bât 209D, Centre Universitaire, Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fischer I, Vrakking MJ, Villeneuve D, Stolow A. Femtosecond time-resolved zero kinetic energy photoelectron and photoionization spectroscopy studies of I2 wavepacket dynamics. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|