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Botana J, Brgoch J, Hou C, Miao M. Iodine Anions beyond -1: Formation of LinI (n = 2-5) and Its Interaction with Quasiatoms. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9377-82. [PMID: 27602431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel phases of LinI (n = 2, 3, 4, 5) compounds are predicted to form under high pressure using first-principles density functional theory and an unbiased crystal structure search algorithm. All of the phases identified are thermodynamically stable with respect to decomposition into elemental Li and the binary LiI at a relatively low pressure (≈20 GPa). Increasing the pressure to 100 GPa yields the formation of a high pressure electride where electrons occupy interstitial quasiatom (ISQ) orbitals. Under these extreme pressures, the calculated charge on iodine suggests the oxidation state goes beyond the conventional and expected -1 charge for the halogens. This strange oxidative behavior stems from an electron transfer going from the ISQ to I(-) and Li(+) ions as high pressure collapses the void space. The resulting interplay between chemical bonding and the quantum chemical nature of enclosed interstitial space allows this first report of a halogen anion beyond a -1 oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Botana
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 10084, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Northridge , Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Jakoah Brgoch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chunju Hou
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 10084, China.,School of Science, JiangXi University of Science and Technology , Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 10084, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Northridge , Northridge, California 91330, United States.,Department of Earth Science, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93111, United States
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McKee WC, Agarwal J, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR. Covalent Hypercoordination: Can Carbon Bind Five Methyl Ligands? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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McKee WC, Agarwal J, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PV. Covalent Hypercoordination: Can Carbon Bind Five Methyl Ligands? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7875-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tai TB, Nguyen MT. Electronic structure and thermochemical properties of silicon-doped lithium clusters LinSi0/+, n = 1-8: New insights on their stability. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:800-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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He N, Xie HB, Ding YH. Structures and stability of lithium monosilicide clusters SiLin (n = 4-16): What is the maximum number, magic number, and core number for lithium coordination to silicon? J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1850-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yang LM, He HP, Ding YH, Sun CC. Achieving Stable Hypercarbon CB62−-Based Cluster-Assembled Complexes: A General Strategy. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om7008588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chung Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu R. Hexa- and Octacoordinate Carbon in Hydrocarbon Cages: Theoretical Design and Characterization. Chemistry 2006; 12:3610-6. [PMID: 16491495 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new series of hydrocarbon cages containing hexa- and octacoordinate carbon centers were designed theoretically by performing DFT calculations at the B3 LYP/6-311+G** level. Among these non-classical structures that were found to still obey the 8e rule, the two tetracations with octacoordinate carbons may be the first examples found in pure hydrocarbons. Structural characteristics, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities, were also investigated theoretically for these two octacoordinate tetracations. These hydrocarbon compounds containing hypercoordinate carbon centers provide a challenge for synthetic organic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Minyaev RM, Minkin VI, Gribanova TN, Starikov AG. A hydrocarbon dication with nonplanar hexacoordinated carbon. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2004v014n02abeh001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Neukermans S, Janssens E, Tanaka H, Silverans RE, Lievens P, Yokoyama K, Kudo H. Visible and near-infrared photoabsorption spectrum of Li3O: Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1607319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Blackwell JM, Piers WE, McDonald R. Mechanistic studies on the B(C(6)F(5))(3) catalyzed allylstannation of aromatic aldehydes with ortho donor substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:1295-306. [PMID: 11841299 DOI: 10.1021/ja012028w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies on the B(C(6)F(5))(3) catalyzed allylstannation of isomeric substituted benzaldehydes are reported. Confirming a report by Maruoka et al., good (5:1) to excellent (>20:1) selectivities for ortho over para isomers are observed when 1:1 mixtures (X = OMe, Cl, F, OTBS) are allylstannated with C(3)H(5)SnBu(3) in the presence of B(C(6)F(5))(3) (2.5% per CHO). The best selectivities are observed for the anisaldehydes. Multinuclear NMR studies on solutions of B(C(6)F(5))(3) and C(3)H(5)SnBu(3) (1:1 to 1:5) show that the borane abstracts the allyl group from the organotin reagent, forming an adduct (C(6)F(5))(3)B...CH(2)CHCH(2)SnBu(3), 1, or ion pair [(C(6)F(5))(3)BCH(2)CH=CH(2)](-)[Bu(3)SnCH(2)CHCH(2)SnBu(3)](+), 2, depending on the reagent ratio. These compounds are important in the mechanism of Lewis acid catalyzed 1,3-isomerization of substituted allyl stannanes. When allyltin reagent is added to solutions of B(C(6)F(5))(3) and ortho-anisaldehyde (1:5) at -60 degrees C, conversion to the stannylium ion pair [Bu(3)Sn(ortho-anisaldehyde)(2)](+)[o-ArCH(allyl)OB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-), o,o-4, is observed. The structure of this species was confirmed by (1)H, (11)B, (19)F, and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy and by forming related ion pairs (o-5 and o,o-5) utilizing the [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) counteranion via reaction of [Bu(3)Sn](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) with aldehyde. The anion in o,o-4 is formed via direct allylation of the ortho-anisaldehyde/B(C(6)F(5))(3) adduct o-3, while the cation arises upon aldehyde ligation of the resulting tributylstannylium ion. The crystal structure of the related derivative ortho-C(6)H(4)(OMe)CHO x SnMe(3)BF(4), 6, showed that the aldehyde binds the tin nucleus only through the carbonyl oxygen. Similar reactions using para-anisaldehyde show that formation of p,p-4 occurs at a much slower rate, again demonstrating the preference for the ortho substituted substrates. For similar experiments using benzophenone, however, formation of the ion pair [Bu(3)Sn(Ph(2)CO)(2)](+)[(C(3)H(5))B(C(6)F(5))(3)](-), 8, was observed, illustrating the differences subtle changes in substrate can bring. Ion pair 8 is formed via the trapping of 1 by the benzophenone substrate. In the presence of excess aldehyde and allyltin reagent, ion pair o,o-4 catalyzes the allylstannation of aldehyde to give the product stannyl ether. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest this is the true catalyst in the system. The chemoselectivity observed thus does not rely on classical chelation control in any way. Rather, we propose that the ortho donor group stabilizes the developing positive charge at the beta carbon of the allyl group and the tin atom during the allylation event. This stabilization renders the ortho substituted substrates kinetically favored toward allylation irrespective of the Lewis acid employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, and W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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Bersuker IB. Modern aspects of the Jahn-Teller effect theory and applications to molecular problems. Chem Rev 2001; 101:1067-114. [PMID: 11709858 DOI: 10.1021/cr0004411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I B Bersuker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Abstract
The viability of molecules with planar hexacoordinate carbon atoms is demonstrated by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for CB6(2-), a CB6H2 isomer, and three C3B4 minima. All of these species have six pi electrons and are aromatic. Although other C3B4 isomers are lower in energy, the activation barriers for the rearrangements of the three planar carbon C3B4 minima into more stable isomers are appreciable, and experimental observation should be possible. High-level ab initio calculations confirm the DFT results. The planar hexacoordination in these species does not violate the octet rule because six partial bonds to the central carbons are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Exner
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Computational Chemistry Annex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2525, USA
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Tanaka H, Yokoyama K, Kudo H. Ionization energies of hyperlithiated and electronically segregated isomers of Lin(OH)n−1 (n=2–5) clusters. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Boldyrev AI, Li X, Wang LS. “Napoleon Hat” Structure of Tetraatomic Molecules. A Combined Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Study of CAlSi2- and Its Neutral. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000262n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, and W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, and W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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Czerw M, Goldman AS, Krogh-Jespersen K. Addition of ammonia to AlH3 and BH3. Why does only aluminum form 2:1 adducts? Inorg Chem 2000; 39:363-9. [PMID: 11272548 DOI: 10.1021/ic990961i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of the mono- and bisammonia adducts EH3NH3 and EH3(NH3)2, E = B and Al, have been investigated using ab initio electronic structure methods. Geometries were optimized at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level. Higher-level correlated methods (MP4(SDTQ), QCISD(T), CCSD(T)), as well as the G2 and CBS-Q methods, were used to obtain accurate bond dissociation energies. The E-N bond dissociation energy (De) is computed near 33 kcal/mol (E = B) and 31 kca/mol (E = Al), respectively. Whereas the Al-N bond energy pertaining to the second ammonia molecule in AlH3(NH3)2 is 11-12 kcal/mol, only a transition-state structure may be located for the species BH3(NH3)2. We analyze factors which may distinguish Al from B with respect to the formation of stable bisamine adducts. The most significant difference relates to electronegativity and hence the propensity of boron to engage in predominantly covalent bonding, as compared with the bonding of aluminum with ammonia, which shows substantial electrostatic character. Neither steric factors nor the participation of d-orbitals is found to play an important role in differentiating aluminum from boron. The lesser electronegativity of third-row elements appears to be the critical common feature allowing the formation of hypercoordinate complexes of these elements in contrast to their second-row analogues. Consideration of some group 14 analogues and hard/soft acid/base effects supports this view.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czerw
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903, USA
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Ghanty TK, Davidson ER. Theoretical Interpretation of the Photoelectron Spectra of Al3O2- and Al3O3-. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9925839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Ghanty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102
| | - Ernest R. Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102
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Ghanty TK, Davidson ER. Electronic Structure and Low-Lying Electronic States of Al3O and Al3O-: Photoelectron Spectrum of Al3O-. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Ghanty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Lievens P, Thoen P, Bouckaert S, Bouwen W, Vanhoutte F, Weidele H, Silverans R. Evidence for size-dependent electron delocalization in the ionization potentials of lithium monocarbide clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ab initio calculations for mixed clusters of lead and alkali elements, and implications for the structure of their solid and liquid alloys. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pure and Mixed Pb Clusters of Interest for Liquid Ionic Alloys. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(08)60443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Savin A, Nesper R, Wengert S, Fässler TF. Die Elektronenlokalisierungsfunktion ELF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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