1
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Melnichenko VE, Kudryavtseva TN, Grekhneva EV, Lamanov AY, Kudryavcev TA. Synthesis of New 2-(6H-Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-1-phenylethane-1-ones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Ahammed KS, Pal R, Chakraborty J, Kanungo A, Purnima PS, Dutta S. DNA Structural Alteration Leading to Antibacterial Properties of 6-Nitroquinoxaline Derivatives. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7840-7856. [PMID: 31390524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structural integrity of the bacterial genome plays an important role in bacterial survival. Cellular consequences of an intolerable amount of change in the DNA structure are not well understood in bacteria. Here we have stated that binding of synthetic 6-nitroquinoxaline derivatives with DNA led to change in its global structure, subsequently culminating with over-supercoiled form through in-path intermediates. This structural change results in induction of programmed cell death like physiological hallmarks, which is dependent on substitution driven structural modulation properties of the scaffold. A sublethal dose of a representative derivative, 3a, significantly inhibits DNA synthesis, produces fragmented nucleoids, and alters membrane architecture. We have also shown that exposure to the compound changes the native morphology of Staphylococcus aureus cells and significantly disrupts preformed biofilms. Thus, our study gives new insight into bacterial responses to local or global DNA structural changes induced by 6-nitroquinoxaline small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondakar Sayef Ahammed
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Ritesh Pal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Jeet Chakraborty
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Ajay Kanungo
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Polnati Sravani Purnima
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Sanjay Dutta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 , Raja S.C.Mullick Road , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
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3
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H. Synthesis of New tert
-Butyl- and Bromo-functionalized [1,2,4]Triazino [5,6- b
]indole-3-thiols and Indolo[2,3- b
]quinoxalines. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals; Bohai University; Jinzhou 121000 China
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4
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Gu Z, Li Y, Ma S, Li S, Zhou G, Ding S, Zhang J, Wang S, Zhou C. Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and DNA binding study of 9-fluoro-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
New quaternary ammonium salts of 9-fluoro-6H-indolo[2,3-b] derivatives were synthesized. These compounds possessed enhanced DNA binding ability and improved antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Yanci Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Songliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Shenghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Shan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
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5
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Zsila F, Beke-Somfai T. Dimeric binding of plant alkaloid ellipticine to human serum proteins. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced exciton circular dichroism signals reveal the accommodation of a pair of ellipticine molecules to the subdomain IB of human serum albumin and the β-barrel of α1-acid glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
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6
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Zsila F. The anticancer agent ellipticine binds to glycosaminoglycans at mildly acidic pH characteristic of the extracellular matrix of tumor tissues. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication demonstrates the pH dependent glycosaminoglycan binding of the anticancer plant alkaloid ellipticine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
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7
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Osman AMA, Pedersen EB, Bergman J. Synthesis of a new intercalating nucleic acid 6H-INDOLO[2,3-b] quinoxaline oligonucleotides to improve thermal stability of Hoogsteen-type triplexes. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 32:98-108. [PMID: 23448144 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.765013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new intercalating nucleic acid monomer X was obtained in high yield starting from alkylation of 4-iodophenol with (S)-(+)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)ethanol under Mitsunobu conditions followed by hydrolysis with 80% aqueous acetic acid to give a diol which was coupled under Sonogashira conditions with trimethylsilylacetylene (TMSA) to achieve the TMS protected (S)-4-(4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenoxy)butane-1,2-diol. Tetrabutylammonium flouride was used to remove the silyl protecting group to obtain (S)-4-(4-ethynylphenoxy)butane-1,2-diol which was coupled under Sonogashira conditions with 2-(9-bromo-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine to achieve (S)-4-(4-((6-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-9-yl)ethynyl)phenoxy)butane-1,2-diol. This compound was tritylated with 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl chloride followed by treatment with 2-cyanoethyltetraisopropylphosphordiamidite in the presence of N,N'-diisopropyl ammonium tetrazolide to afford the corresponding phosphoramidite. This phosphoramidite was used to insert the monomer X into an oligonucleotide which was used for thermal denaturation studies of a corresponding parallel triplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M A Osman
- Department of Physics, Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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8
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Shibinskaya MO, Lyakhov SA, Mazepa AV, Andronati SA, Turov AV, Zholobak NM, Spivak NY. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and interferon inducing ability of 6-(2-aminoethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:1237-43. [PMID: 20056519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
New 6-(2-aminoethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines were synthesized with high yields using bromoethylisatin and 6-(2-bromoethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline as intermediates. These compounds were screened for the cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and interferon inducing ability. It was shown, that tested 6-(2-aminoethyl)-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines are low toxic potent interferon inducers and antivirals. Morpholine and 4-methyl-piperidine derivatives appeared as the most active antivirals and the least cytotoxic in the investigated series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina O Shibinskaya
- AV Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lyustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
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9
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Wilhelmsson LM, Kingi N, Bergman J. Interactions of Antiviral Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline Derivatives with DNA. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7744-50. [PMID: 19053744 DOI: 10.1021/jm800787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Marcus Wilhelmsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden, Unit for Organic Chemistry, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE-14157, Huddinge, Sweden, and Drug Development, Vironova AB, Smedjegatan 6, SE-13134 Nacka, Sweden
| | - Ngarita Kingi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden, Unit for Organic Chemistry, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE-14157, Huddinge, Sweden, and Drug Development, Vironova AB, Smedjegatan 6, SE-13134 Nacka, Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden, Unit for Organic Chemistry, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE-14157, Huddinge, Sweden, and Drug Development, Vironova AB, Smedjegatan 6, SE-13134 Nacka, Sweden
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10
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Heterocycles [h]-fused onto 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, Part VI [1]. Synthesis and X-ray structure of model indolo[3,2-b]- and [2,3-b]pyrido[2,3-f]quinoxaline-3-carboxylic esters. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Patel N, Bergman J, Gräslund A. Interaction of the Deoxy-Oligonucleotide Duplex d(CGCGATCGCG)2 and Anti-Herpes Virus Active Indolo [2,3-b]-quinoxaline Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319108046576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Patel
- a Dept. of Med. Biochem. and Biophys. , University of Umeå , S-901 87 , Umeå , Sweden
| | - J. Bergman
- b Dept. of Chemistry , Royal Institute of Technology , S-100 44 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - A. Gräslund
- a Dept. of Med. Biochem. and Biophys. , University of Umeå , S-901 87 , Umeå , Sweden
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12
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Wamberg MC, Hassan AA, Bond AD, Pedersen EB. Intercalating nucleic acids (INAs) containing insertions of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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14
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15
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Arimondo PB, Baldeyrou B, Laine W, Bal C, Alphonse FA, Routier S, Coudert G, Mérour JY, Colson P, Houssier C, Bailly C. DNA interaction and cytotoxicity of a new series of indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline and pyridopyrazino[2,3-b]indole derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 138:59-75. [PMID: 11640915 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(01)00260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Absorption, melting temperature and linear dichroism measurements were performed to investigate the interaction with DNA of a series of 16 tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds related to the antiviral agent B-220. The relative DNA affinity of the test compounds containing an indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline, pyridopyrazino[2,3-b]indoles or pyrazino[2,3-b]indole planar chromophore varies significantly depending on the nature of the side chain grafted onto the indole nitrogen. Compounds with a dimethylaminoethyl chain strongly bind to DNA and exhibit a preference for GC-rich DNA sequences, as revealed by DNase I footprinting. Weaker DNA interactions were detected with those bearing a morpholinoethyl side chain. The incorporation of a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl side chain does not reinforce the DNA interaction compared with the unsubstituted analogues. Both the DNA relaxation assay and cytotoxicity study using two human leukemia cell lines sensitive (HL-60) or resistant (HL-60/MX2) to the antitumor drug mitoxantrone, indicate that topoisomerase II is not a privileged target for the test compounds which only weakly interfere with the catalytic activity of the DNA cleaving enzyme. Cytometry studies showed that the most cytotoxic compounds induce a massive accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Collectively, the data show a relationship between DNA binding and cytotoxicity in the indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Arimondo
- INSERM U-524 et Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, IRCL, Place de Verdun, 59045 Cedex, Lille, France
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16
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Skarin T, Rozell BL, Bergman J, Toftgård R, Möller L. Protection against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced skin-hyperplasia and tumor promotion, in a two-stage carcinogenesis mouse model, by the 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline analogue of ellipticine. Chem Biol Interact 1999; 122:89-106. [PMID: 10528995 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(99)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of topical applications of 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline (B-220), on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or benzoylperoxide (BPO) induced promotion of skin tumors and hyperplasia were studied in female SENCAR mice. Papillomas were induced by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), followed by promotion biweekly with TPA or BPO. Administration of B-220 1 h before TPA promotion resulted in a prolonged latency period of tumor appearance and a significantly reduced (up to 15% of positive controls) papilloma yield at 20 weeks. Moreover, if B-220 treatment was terminated after 20 weeks and TPA treatment continued, papilloma development resumed indicating that initiated tumor cells were still present but were unable to grow with B-220 present. If B-220 pretreatment was not given during the first 10 weeks of TPA promotion, incidence at 20 weeks was not reduced but tumor multiplicity was still decreased. In addition a marked reduction of the TPA induced sustained epidermal hyperplasia was observed in the long term experiment. Neither the inflammatory response nor the increase in the number of apoptotic cells seen in short term experiment after a single TPA treatment were inhibited by B-220. B-220 administration before BPO promotion had no effect on the appearance of BPO induced papillomas or epidermal hyperplasia, suggesting that TPA and BPO promote tumor formation via at least partially different mechanisms. In experiments where B-220 was applied topically 1 h before DMBA initiation, little or no effect was seen. No morphological changes in mouse skin due to long term exposure (two times/week, 39 weeks) to B-220 were found. In conclusion, we present evidence that B-220 is a potent inhibitor of mouse skin tumor promotion by TPA, but has little effect on the initiation step or the survival of initiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skarin
- Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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17
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Corbett TH, LoRusso P, Demchick L, Simpson C, Pugh S, White K, Kushner J, Polin L, Meyer J, Czarnecki J, Heilbrun L, Horwitz JP, Gross JL, Behrens CH, Harrison BA, McRipley RJ, Trainor G. Preclinical antitumor efficacy of analogs of XK469: sodium-(2-[4-(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyloxy)phenoxy]propionate. Invest New Drugs 1998; 16:129-39. [PMID: 9848576 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006174622061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoxaline analogs of the herbicide Assure was found to have selective cytotoxicity for solid tumors of mice in a disk-diffusion-soft-agar-colony-formation-assay compared to L1210 leukemia. Four agents without selective cytotoxicity and 14 agents with selective cytotoxicity were evaluated in vivo for activity against a solid tumor. The four agents without selective cytotoxicity in the disk-assay were inactive in vivo (T/C > 42%). Thirteen of the fourteen agents with selectivity in the disk-assay were active in vivo (T/C < 42%). Five of the agents had curative activity. These five agents had a halogen (F, Cl, Br) in the 7-position (whereas Assure had a CI in the 6 position). All agents with curative activity were either a carboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, whereas Assure is the ethyl ester of the carboxylic acid. All other structural features were identical between Assure and the curative agents. Assure had no selective cytotoxicity for solid tumors in the disk-assay, and was devoid of antitumor activity. The analog XK469 is in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Corbett
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit 48202, USA
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18
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Reactions of 3-([(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy)-1H-indole derivatives with diamines and carbon nucleophiles. Synthesis of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Froelich-Ammon SJ, Patchan MW, Osheroff N, Thompson RB. Topoisomerase II binds to ellipticine in the absence or presence of DNA. Characterization of enzyme-drug interactions by fluorescence spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:14998-5004. [PMID: 7797481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.25.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a number of drugs currently in use for the treatment of human cancers act by stimulating topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breakage, little is known regarding interactions between these agents and the enzyme. To further define the mechanism of drug action, interactions between ellipticine (an intercalative drug with clinical relevance) and yeast topoisomerase II were characterized. By utilizing a yeast genetic system, topoisomerase II was identified as the primary cellular target of the drug. Furthermore, ellipticine did not inhibit enzyme-mediated DNA religation, suggesting that it stimulates DNA breakage by enhancing the forward rate of cleavage. Finally, ellipticine binding to DNA, topoisomerase II, and the enzyme-DNA complex was assessed by steady-state and frequency domain fluorescence spectroscopy. As determined by changes in fluorescence intensity and emission maximum wavelength, and by lifetime analysis, only the protonated species of ellipticine bound to a double-stranded 40-mer oligonucleotide containing a topoisomerase II cleavage site (KD approximately 65 nM). In contrast, predominantly deprotonated ellipticine bound to the enzyme.DNA complex (KD approximately 1.5 microM) or to the enzyme in the absence of nucleic acids (KD approximately 160 nM). These findings suggest that ellipticine interacts directly with topoisomerase II and that the enzyme dictates the ionic state of the drug in the ternary complex. A model is presented in which the topoisomerase II.ellipticine.DNA complex is formed via initial drug binding to either the enzyme or DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Froelich-Ammon
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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20
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Behravan G, Leijon M, Sehlstedt U, Nordén B, Vallberg H, Bergman J, Gräslund A. The interaction of ellipticine derivatives with nucleic acids studied by optical and 1H-nmr spectroscopy: effect of size of the heterocyclic ring system. Biopolymers 1994; 34:599-609. [PMID: 8003620 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360340503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The DNA interaction of derivatives of ellipticine with heterocyclic ring systems with three, four, or five rings and a dimethylaminoethyl side chain was studied. Optical spectroscopy of drug complexes with calf thymus DNA, poly[(dA-dT).(dA-dT)], or poly[(dG-dC).(dG-dC)] showed a 10 nm bathochromic shift of the light absorption bands of the pentacyclic and tetracyclic compounds upon binding to the nucleic acids, which indicates binding by intercalation. For the tricyclic compound a smaller shift of 1-3 nm was observed upon binding to the nucleic acids. Flow linear dichroism studies show that the geometry of all complexes is consistent with intercalation of the ring system, except for the DNA and poly[(dG-dC).(dG-dC)] complexes of the tricyclic compound, where the average angle between the drug molecular plane and the DNA helix axis was found to be 65 degrees. One-dimensional 1H-nmr spectroscopy was used to study complexes between d(CGCGATCGCG)2 and the tricyclic and pentacyclic compounds. The results on the pentacyclic compound show nonselective broadening due to intermediate chemical exchange of most oligonucleotide resonances upon drug binding. The imino proton resonances are in slow chemical exchange, and new resonances with upfield shifts approaching 1 ppm appear upon drug binding, which supports intercalative binding of the pentacyclic compound. The results on the tricyclic compound show more rapid binding kinetics and very selective broadening of resonances. The data suggest that the tricyclic compound is in an equilibrium between intercalation and minor groove binding, with a preference to bind close to the AT base pairs with the side chain residing in the minor groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Behravan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
This review will consider solution studies of structure and interactions of DNA and DNA complexes using linear dichroism spectroscopy, with emphasis on the technique of orientation by flow. The theoretical and experimental background to be given may serve, in addition, as a general introduction into the state of the art of linear dichroism spectroscopy, particularly as it is applied to biophysical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Norden
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Patel N, Bergman J, Gräslund A. 1H-NMR studies of the interaction between a self-complementary deoxyoligonucleotide duplex and indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives active against herpes virus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 197:597-604. [PMID: 2029893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR has been used to study the interactions of ellipticine and the ellipticine analogues 2-3-dimethyl-6-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline and 6-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline with the self-complementary decadeoxyribonucleotide d(CGCGATCGCG)2. The Watson-Crick H-bonded imino proton resonances were studied. The drugs were shown to bind to the duplex by intercalation involving slow exchange kinetics for the imino proton resonances on the NMR time scale (500 MHz). Ellipticine and the 2,3-dimethyl analogue were found not to show strong base preferences, while the other analogue was found to have a preferred primary binding site between the A.T base pairs with a probable minor secondary binding site between the A.T and adjacent G.C base pairs. The new drug-shifted imino proton resonances were assigned through saturation transfer experiments. The base-specific interactions were accompanied by drug-induced non-uniform broadening of the resonances (due to intermediate chemical exchange kinetics), in the spectral region of the non-exchangeable aromatic and sugar H1' proton resonances of the oligonucleotide at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Harmenberg J, Akesson-Johansson A, Gräslund A, Malmfors T, Bergman J, Wahren B, Akerfeldt S, Lundblad L, Cox S. The mechanism of action of the anti-herpes virus compound 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6H-indolo-(2,3-b)quinoxaline. Antiviral Res 1991; 15:193-204. [PMID: 1653556 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(91)90066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The compound 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)6H-indolo-(2,3-b)quinoxaline (B-220) has been shown to exhibit potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The mechanism of antiviral action of B-220 against HSV-1 has been studied; from the results it appears that B-220 binds by intercalation into the DNA helix and then disturbs steps that are vital for viral uncoating.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harmenberg
- Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Monnot M, Mauffret O, Simon V, Lescot E, Psaume B, Saucier JM, Charra M, Belehradek J, Fermandjian S. DNA-drug recognition and effects on topoisomerase II-mediated cytotoxicity. A three-mode binding model for ellipticine derivatives. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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