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van Schaick G, Wuhrer M, Blöchl C, Dolhain RJEM, Domínguez-Vega E. Anion Exchange Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Proteoforms of Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein during and after Pregnancy. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2431-2440. [PMID: 38965920 PMCID: PMC11232096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a heterogeneous glycoprotein fulfilling key roles in many biological processes, including transport of drugs and hormones and modulation of inflammatory and immune responses. The glycoform profile of AGP is known to change depending on (patho)physiological states such as inflammatory diseases or pregnancy. Besides complexity originating from five N-glycosylation sites, the heterogeneity of the AGP further expands to genetic variants. To allow in-depth characterization of this intriguing protein, we developed a method using anion exchange chromatography (AEX) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) revealing the presence of over 400 proteoforms differing in their glycosylation or genetic variants. More precisely, we could determine that AGP mainly consists of highly sialylated higher antennary structures with on average 16 sialic acids and 0 or 1 fucose per protein. Interestingly, a slightly higher level of fucosylation was observed for AGP1 variants compared to that of AGP2. Proteoform assignment was supported by integrating data from complementary MS-based approaches, including AEX-MS of an exoglycosidase-treated sample and glycopeptide analysis after tryptic digestion. The developed analytical method was applied to characterize AGP from plasma of women during and after pregnancy, revealing differences in glycosylation profiles, specifically in the number of antennae, HexHexNAc units, and sialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guusje van Schaick
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Radboud J E M Dolhain
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Vučković F, Novokmet M, Šoić D, Štambuk J, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Lauc G, Gornik O, Keser T. Variability of human Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein N-glycome in a Caucasian population. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae031. [PMID: 38591797 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a highly glycosylated protein in human plasma and one of the most abundant acute phase proteins in humans. Glycosylation plays a crucial role in its biological functions, and alterations in AGP N-glycome have been associated with various diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, large-scale studies of AGP N-glycosylation in the general population are lacking. METHODS Using recently developed high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow for site-specific AGP N-glycosylation analysis, 803 individuals from the Croatian island of Korcula were analyzed and their AGP N-glycome data associated with biochemical and physiological traits, as well as different environmental factors. RESULTS After regression analysis, we found that AGP N-glycosylation is strongly associated with sex, somewhat less with age, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits (e.g. BMI, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, smoking status, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION For the first time we have extensively explored the inter-individual variability of AGP N-glycome in a general human population, demonstrating its changes with sex, age, biochemical, and physiological status of individuals, providing the baseline for future population and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Gradišćanska ulica 24, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Šeba T, Kerep R, Weitner T, Šoić D, Keser T, Lauc G, Gabričević M. Influence of Desialylation on the Drug Binding Affinity of Human Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Assessed by Microscale Thermophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:230. [PMID: 38399284 PMCID: PMC10893521 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) is an acute-phase plasma protein involved in the binding and transport of many drugs, especially basic and lipophilic substances. The sialic acid groups that terminate the N-glycan chains of AAG have been reported to change in response to numerous health conditions and may have an impact on the binding of drugs to AAG. In this study, we quantified the binding between native and desialylated AAG and seven drugs from different pharmacotherapeutic groups (carvedilol, diltiazem, dipyridamole, imipramine, lidocaine, propranolol, vinblastine) using microscale thermophoresis (MST). This method was chosen due to its robustness and high sensitivity, allowing precise quantification of molecular interactions based on the thermophoretic movement of fluorescent molecules. Detailed glycan analysis of native and desialylated AAG showed over 98% reduction in sialic acid content for the enzymatically desialylated AAG. The MST results indicate that desialylation generally alters the binding affinity between AAG and drugs, leading to either an increase or decrease in Kd values, probably due to conformational changes of AAG caused by the different sialic acid content. This effect is also reflected in an increased denaturation temperature of desialylated AAG. Our findings indicate that desialylation impacts free drug concentrations differently, depending on the binding affinity of the drug with AAG relative to human serum albumin (HSA). For drugs such as dipyridamole, lidocaine, and carvedilol, which have a higher affinity for AAG, desialylation significantly changes free drug concentrations. In contrast, drugs such as propranolol, imipramine, and vinblastine, which have a strong albumin binding, show only minimal changes. It is noteworthy that the free drug concentration of dipyridamole is particularly sensitive to changes in AAG concentration and glycosylation, with a decrease of up to 15% being observed, underscoring the need for dosage adjustments in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Šeba
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.Š.); (R.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Robert Kerep
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.Š.); (R.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Tin Weitner
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.Š.); (R.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Dinko Šoić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (T.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Toma Keser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (T.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (T.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Mario Gabričević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.Š.); (R.K.); (T.W.)
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Radojičić O, Pažitná L, Dobrijević Z, Kundalia P, Kianičková K, Katrlík J, Marković VM, Miković Ž, Nedić O, Robajac D. Serum Glycome as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Factor in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:148-158. [PMID: 38467551 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for both mother and fetus/neonate during and after the pregnancy. Inconsistent protocols and cumbersome screening procedures warrant the search for new and easily accessible biomarkers. We investigated a potential of serum N-glycome to differentiate between healthy pregnant women (n = 49) and women with GDM (n = 53) using a lectin-based microarray and studied the correlation between the obtained data and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Four out of 15 lectins used were able to detect the differences between the control and GDM groups in fucosylation, terminal galactose/N-acetylglucosamine (Gal/GlcNAc), presence of Galα1,4Galβ1,4Glc (Gb3 antigen), and terminal α2,3-sialylation with AUC values above 60%. An increase in the Gb3 antigen and α2,3-sialylation correlated positively with GDM, whereas the amount of fucosylated glycans correlated negatively with the content of terminal Gal/GlcNAc. The content of GlcNAc oligomers correlated with the highest number of blood analytes, indices, and demographic characteristics, but failed to discriminate between the groups. The presence of terminal Gal residues correlated positively with the glucose levels and negatively with the LDL levels in the non-GDM group only. The results suggest fucosylation, terminal galactosylation, and the presence of Gb3 antigen as prediction markers of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognjen Radojičić
- Department of High-Risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lucia Pažitná
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zorana Dobrijević
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Paras Kundalia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Vesna Mandić Marković
- Department of High-Risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia.
- Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Miković
- Department of High-Risk Pregnancies, University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia.
- Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Robajac
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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5
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Keser T, Tijardović M, Gornik I, Lukić E, Lauc G, Gornik O, Novokmet M. High-Throughput and Site-Specific N-Glycosylation Analysis of Human Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Offers a Great Potential for New Biomarker Discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100044. [PMID: 33493676 PMCID: PMC7950198 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase glycoprotein in blood, which is primarily synthetized in the liver and whose biological role is not completely understood. It consists of 45% carbohydrates that are present in the form of five N-linked complex glycans. AGP N-glycosylation was shown to be changed in many different diseases, and some changes appear to be disease-specific; thus, it has a great diagnostic and prognostic potential. However, AGP glycosylation was mainly analyzed in small cohorts and without detailed site-specific glycan information. Here, we developed a cost-effective method for a high-throughput and site-specific N-glycosylation LC-MS analysis of AGP which can be applied on large cohorts, aid in search for novel disease biomarkers, and enable better understanding of AGP's role and function in health and disease. The method does not require isolation of AGP with antibodies and affinity chromatography, but AGP is enriched by acid precipitation from 5 μl of bloodplasma in a 96-well format. After trypsinization, AGP glycopeptides are purified using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based solid-phase extraction and analyzed by reversed-phase-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS. We used our method to show for the first time that AGP N-glycan profile is stable in healthy individuals (14 individuals in three time points), which is a requirement for evaluation of its diagnostic potential. Furthermore, we tested our method on a population including individuals with registered hyperglycemia in critical illness (59 cases and 49 controls), which represents a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Individuals at higher risk of diabetes presented increased N-glycan branching on AGP's second glycosylation site and lower sialylation of N-glycans on AGP's third and AGP1's fourth glycosylation site. Although this should be confirmed on a larger prospective cohort, it indicates that site-specific AGP N-glycan profile could help distinguish individuals who are at risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Tijardović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gornik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edita Lukić
- Division of Anesthesiology for Cardiovascular Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos Ltd., Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos Ltd., Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
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6
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Sumanth MS, Abhilasha KV, Jacob SP, Chaithra VH, Basrur V, Willard B, McIntyre TM, Prabhu KS, Marathe GK. Acute phase protein, α - 1- acid glycoprotein (AGP-1), has differential effects on TLR-2 and TLR-4 mediated responses. Immunobiology 2019; 224:672-680. [PMID: 31239174 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP-1) is a major positive acute phase glycoprotein with unknown functions that likely play a role in inflammation. We tested its involvement in a variety of inflammatory responses using human AGP-1 purified to apparent homogeneity and confirmed its identity by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. AGP-1 alone upregulated MAPK signaling in murine peritoneal macrophages. However, when given in combination with TLR ligands, AGP-1 selectively augmented MAPK activation induced by ligands of TLR-2 (Braun lipoprotein) but not TLR-4 (lipopolysaccharide). In vivo treatment of AGP-1 in a murine model of sepsis with or without TLR-2 or TLR-4 ligands, selectively potentiated TLR-2-mediated mortality, but was without significant effect on TLR-4-mediated mortality. Furthermore, in vitro, AGP-1 selectively potentiated TLR-2 mediated adhesion of human primary immune cell, neutrophils. Hence, our studies highlight a new role for the acute phase protein AGP-1 in sepsis via its interaction with TLR-2 signaling mechanisms to selectively promote responsiveness to one of the two major gram-negative endotoxins, contributing to the complicated pathobiology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosale Seetharam Sumanth
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | | | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, 115 Henning Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gopal K Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India.
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7
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Baerenfaenger M, Meyer B. Intact Human Alpha-Acid Glycoprotein Analyzed by ESI-qTOF-MS: Simultaneous Determination of the Glycan Composition of Multiple Glycosylation Sites. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3693-3703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Baerenfaenger
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Terminal monosaccharide expression on amniotic glycoproteins as biomarkers of fetus maturity. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:344-8. [PMID: 21265801 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycotypes, particularly those that terminate with sialic acid and fucose are known to play a fundamental role in human development, during implantation, growth and differentiation of fetal tissues. The present review describes changes in the exposition of terminal sialic acid and fucose isoforms in the amniotic fluid glycoconjugates, α1-acid glycoprotein and fibronectin during critical stages of pregnancy, i.e. second and third trimester, perinatal period, delivery and post-date pregnancy. The distinct amniotic glycoforms are suggested to be implicated in regulatory processes to ensure homoeostasis during pregnancy and to protect the fetus. These may have the potential of becoming additional laboratory makers in obstetrics to monitor pregnancy.
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Abstract
The acute phase reaction (APR) is a response to potentially pathogenic stimuli. It begins with the release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from inflammatory cells. These cytokines induce fever, leucocytosis and release of serum acute phase proteins (APPs). In this review, the characteristics of the feline APR are described. In cats with inflammatory conditions, fever is a common finding, with leucocytosis due to the release of cells from the marginal pool, followed by activation of myelopoiesis. Because excitement frequently causes leucocytosis in cats, a diagnosis of inflammation should therefore be supported by additional findings such as the presence of toxic neutrophils. The major APPs are serum amyloid A and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which both increase a few hours after the inflammatory stimulus and remain elevated for as long as the inflammation persists. AGP plays an important role in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and may also be useful also in studies of FIP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Patologia Generale Veterinaria e Parassitologia, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Hirnle L, Katnik-Prastowska I. Alterations of N-glycan branching and expression of sialic acid on amniotic fluid alpha-1-acid glycoprotein derived from second and third trimesters of normal and prolonged pregnancies. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 367:86-92. [PMID: 16405881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the AGP glycoform pattern are not only disease related, but also can occur during physiological processes such as pregnancy. In this paper, possible changes in human amniotic fluid AGP glycan branching and in the type of sialic acid glycosidic attachment to glycans were analyzed with regard to different stages of human pregnancy. METHODS Crossed-affinity immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A was used to study AGP branching and lectin-ELISA with two agglutinins from Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra was applied to differentiate alpha2,3 and alpha2,6 type sialic acid attachments. RESULTS Despite almost unchanged levels of total amniotic fluid AGP during pregnancy, alterations in N-glycan branching and in the expression of sialic acid linkage on AGP were found to be associated with different stages of normal pregnancy. Amniotic fluid AGP glycans derived from third trimester compared with those from the second trimester had a higher percentage of tri- and tetra-antennary sialylated N-glycans. In the second trimester, sialic acid alpha2,6 linkage occurred twice as frequently as alpha2,3 linkage, while during the third trimester alpha2,3 linkage increased and both types of linkage appeared in equal proportion. CONCLUSIONS Branched and alpha2,3-sialylated AGP glycoforms in amniotic fluid could contribute to natural innate fetomaternal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinic of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Wrocław, Poland
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Higai K, Aoki Y, Azuma Y, Matsumoto K. Glycosylation of site-specific glycans of alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alterations in acute and chronic inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:128-35. [PMID: 15863355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute phase reactant, is extensively glycosylated at five Asn-linked glycosylation sites. In a number of pathophysiological states, including inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer, alterations of Asn-linked glycans (N-glycans) have been reported. We investigated alteration of N-glycans at each of glycosylation sites of AGP in the sera of patients with acute and chronic inflammation. METHODS AGP purified from sera was digested with Glu-C and the liberated glycopeptides were isolated by reverse phase HPLC. N-glycans released with peptide N-glycosidase F and followed by neuraminidase treatment were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Site-specific differences in branching structures were observed among N-glycosylation sites 1, 3, 4 and 5. Within the sera of patients with acute inflammation, increases in bi-antennary and decreases in tri- and tetra-antennary structures were observed, as well as increases in alpha1,3-fucosylation, at most glycosylation sites. In the sera of patients with chronic inflammation, increased rates of tri-antennary alpha1,3-fucosylation at sites 3 and 4 and tetra-antennary alpha1,3-fucosylation at sites 3, 4 and 5 were detected. Although there were no significant differences between acute and chronic sera in site directed branching structures, significant differences of alpha1,3-fucosylation were detected in tri-antennary at sites 2, 4 and 5 and in tetra-antennary at sites 3 and 4. CONCLUSION Little variation in the N-glycan composition of the glycosylation sites of AGP was observed among healthy individuals, while the sera of patients with acute inflammation demonstrated increased numbers of bi-antennary and alpha1,3-fucosylated N-glycan structures at each glycosylation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Higai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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12
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Van Rooijen JJ, Hermentin P, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. The patterns of the complex- and oligomannose-type glycans of uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) in the course of pregnancy. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:539-46. [PMID: 12151715 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019644413639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Uromodulin was isolated from urine of three pregnant women. Urine of each donor was collected at subsequent stages of their pregnancy and at one month after gestation. Each batch of uromodulin was enzymatically N-deglycosylated and the released N-glycans were isolated, quantified and profiled by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography. In the course of pregnancy no significant changes were detected in the negative charge distribution stemming from sialic acid and sulfate residues on the complex-type carbohydrate chains of uromodulin. Furthermore, no significant changes in the molar ratio between Man6GlcNAc2 and Man7GlcNAc2 were found in the course of pregnancy, only uromodulin from non-pregnant periods showed small differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Van Rooijen
- Bijvoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Section of Glycoscience and Biocatalysis, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) or orosomucoid (ORM) is a 41-43-kDa glycoprotein with a pI of 2.8-3.8. The peptide moiety is a single chain of 183 amino acids (human) or 187 amino acids (rat) with two and one disulfide bridges in humans and rats,respectively. The carbohydrate content represents 45% of the molecular weight attached in the form of five to six highly sialylated complex-type-N-linked glycans. AGP is one of the major acute phase proteins in humans, rats, mice and other species. As most acute phase proteins, its serum concentration increases in response to systemic tissue injury, inflammation or infection, and these changes in serum protein concentrations have been correlated with increases in hepatic synthesis. Expression of the AGP gene is controlled by a combination of the major regulatory mediators, i.e. glucocorticoids and a cytokine network involving mainly interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-6 and IL-6 related cytokines. It is now well established that the acute phase response may take place in extra-hepatic cell types, and may be regulated by inflammatory mediators as observed in hepatocytes. The biological function of AGP remains unknown; however,a number of activities of possible physiological significance, such as various immunomodulating effects, have been described. AGP also has the ability to bind and to carry numerous basic and neutral lipophilic drugs from endogenous (steroid hormones) and exogenous origin; one to seven binding sites have been described. AGP can also bind acidic drugs such as phenobarbital. The immunomodulatory as well as the binding activities of AGP have been shown to be mostly dependent on carbohydrate composition. Finally, the use of AGP transgenic animals enabled to address in vivo, functionality of responsive elements and tissue specificity, as well as the effects of drugs that bind to AGP and will be an useful tool to determine the physiological role of AGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fournier
- INSERM U427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris 5 René Descartes, France
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14
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Abstract
1. In pregnancy, plasma protein binding of certain drugs is reduced due to a reduction in serum albumin concentration. Due to an increase in cardiac output in pregnancy there is a 50% increase of effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. This results in a corresponding increase in renal drug clearance. 2. Placental transfer of small lipophilic molecules from the mother to the foetus is efficient because the placental membrane is a very thin lipophilic membrane, with a large surface area for exchange and high maternal and foetal placental blood flow rates. Nevertheless, placental transfer of relatively hydrophilic molecules is slow and this may limit foetal exposure to the drug where a single maternal dose is concerned. 3. Once a drug has crossed the placenta it passes via the umbilical vein to the foetal liver and then to the systemic circulation of the foetus, which creates a potential foetal hepatic first-pass effect. The activity of most foetal hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes studied is much less than the adult activity and some enzymes do not appear to be expressed at all. The circulation of the foetal liver is unique because 30-70% of umbilical vein flow is shunted via the ductus venosus. There is also a difference in oxygenation and enzyme content between the left and right lobes of the foetal liver. 4. The foetal kidney is not a very effective route of elimination because renally excreted drug enters the amniotic fluid and recirculates via foetal swallowing. Moreover, foetal renal blood flow is only 3% of cardiac output, compared with 25% in the adult, and renal tubular anion secretion is absent. In conclusion, the extent of foetal exposure of maternally administered drug depends on numerous factors, in particular maternal and foetal elimination mechanisms and placental permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Morgan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Sluzewska A, Rybakowski J, Bosmans E, Sobieska M, Berghmans R, Maes M, Wiktorowicz K. Indicators of immune activation in major depression. Psychiatry Res 1996; 64:161-7. [PMID: 8944394 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(96)02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory markers and their correlations were examined in patients with major depression. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), transferrin receptor (TfR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), as well as the microheterogeneity of AGP, were measured in 49 major depressed patients during an acute phase of the illness and compared with concentrations in 15 normal control subjects. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6, sIL-2R, TfR, CRP, and AGP were significantly higher in major depressed patients than in healthy control subjects. Patients with higher values of AGP microheterogeneity coefficient (AGP-RC > 1.5) had significantly higher concentrations of AGP, IL-6, and TfR. The correlations between cytokines and acute phase proteins studied point to a significant role of elevated IL-6 secretion in the induction of Type I AGP microheterogeneity changes that are characteristic of some inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sluzewska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland
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16
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Vasson MP, Cynober L, Raichvarg D. L'alpha-1 glycoprotéine acide (orosomucoïde). NUTR CLIN METAB 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(96)80022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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van Dijk W, Havenaar EC, Brinkman-van der Linden EC. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid): pathophysiological changes in glycosylation in relation to its function. Glycoconj J 1995; 12:227-33. [PMID: 7496136 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize the research efforts of the last two decades with respect to (i) the determination and characterization of the changes in glycosylation of AGP under various physiological and pathological states; and (ii) the effects of such changes on its possible anti-inflammatory functions. It will become clear that the heterogeneity observed in the glycosylation of AGP in serum, represents various so-called glycoforms of AGP, of which the relative amounts are strictly determined by the (patho) physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Dijk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Lectin affinity immunoelectrophoresis of serum glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Kremmer T, Boldizsár M, Kovács J, Paulik E, Bencsik K, Szajáni B. Determination and Analysis of Human Serum Alpha-1-acid Glycoprotein by Liquid Chromatographic Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508009285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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van Dijk W, Turner GA, Mackiewicz A. Changes in glycosylation of acute-phase proteins in health and disease: Occurrence, regulation and function. Glycoconj J 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00917463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Venembre PC, Nguyen CH, Biou DR, Durand GM. Changes in the glycoforms of rat alpha-1-acid glycoprotein during experimental polyarthritis. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 221:59-71. [PMID: 8149643 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90022-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the carbohydrate moiety of purified alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from Lewis adult male rats that were healthy (AGPh) or had experimental polyarthritis (AGPi). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after N-glycanase treatment showed that AGPi had a slightly lower molecular mass (43 kDa vs. 45 kDa for AGPh) due to a lesser carbohydrate content. Carbohydrate analysis of purified AGP showed a slight decrease in the sialyl and galactosyl molar ratio in polyarthritis. However, the same difference in AGPh and AGPi (i.e. 0.6 residue) between the sialyl and galactosyl molar ratio indicated more than one sialyl residue per complex-type branch. Affinity for concanavalin A (ConA) of the whole glycoprotein and released oligosaccharides showed a progression during polyarthritis towards more reactive glycoforms or more ConA-bound oligosaccharides. Anion-exchange HPLC of the ConA-fractionated oligosaccharides corroborated the decreased sialylation in polyarthritis. Taken together, these results suggest a fall in branched and sialylated oligosaccharides during experimental polyarthritis. These structural changes might be related to an increase in Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc alpha 2-6 sialyltransferase activity described elsewhere in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Venembre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale, UER des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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22
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Jezequel-Cuer M, N'Guyen-Cong H, Biou D, Durand G. Oligosaccharide specificity of normal human hepatocyte alpha 1-3 fucosyltransferase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1157:252-8. [PMID: 8323955 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(93)90107-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A purified alpha 1-3 fucosyltransferase (alpha 1-3 FT) was recovered in the Golgi fraction of isolated hepatocytes from normal human liver tissue. The efficiency of purification was controlled by measurement of fucose transfer to asialotransferrin (for alpha 1-3 FT), to phenyl-beta-D-galactose (for alpha 1-2 FT) and to 2' fucosyl lactose (for alpha 1-3/4 FT). The initial hepatocyte isolation step got rid of 97% and 94% of alpha 1-2 and alpha 1-3/4 total liver FT, respectively. After Golgi enrichment (26-fold purification and a yield of 7.6%), alpha 1-3 FT extract expressed a specific activity of 2 pM/min per mg protein. When incubated in optimized conditions with type 1, 2 or 6 oligosaccharide acceptors (10 mM), hepatocellular alpha 1-3 FT efficiently transferred fucose to N-acetyllactosamine and its 3' sialylated derivative, but poorly to lactose. When incubated with neutral or sialylated biantennary N-glycans, the enzyme expressed the highest affinity (Km = 0.38 mM) for the 3'bisialylated derivative. This suggests that hepatocellular alpha 1-3 FT is involved in the synthesis of sialosyl Le(x) determinants on cirrhotic alpha 1AGP.
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23
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Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro A. Concanavalin A crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoretic analysis of the major pig serum proteins during fetal development. Electrophoresis 1993; 14:214-9. [PMID: 8486133 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between concanavalin A (Con A) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), transferrin (TF), fetuin, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) has been analyzed by crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis (CAIE) in fetal extracts or sera, from 26-day-old porcine fetuses to birth, and in adult pigs. Most of the TF and AFP (100 and 85-90%, respectively) reacted with Con A during the entire developmental period. AGP showed both two reactive and one nonreactive Con A isoforms, whose proportions change greatly during development. In younger fetuses 100% of the protein was Con A-nonreactive. This variant represented 64% in 50-day-old fetuses, 80% in newborn pigs and 20% in adult sera. Fetuin and AT showed a maximum of three Con A-reactive microforms and one Con A-nonreactive microform, which was always a minor form. These microforms were detected mainly in young fetuses. Although the proportion of Con A-reactive variants of fetuin and AT changes during fetal development, the predominant microform was always that with intermediate affinity against Con A. The same microform was also predominant in adult AT, whereas the more reactive microform in respect to Con A predominates in adult fetuin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lampreave
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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