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Mao S, Liu Z, Tian Y, Li D, Gao X, Wen Y, Peng T, Shen W, Xiao D, Wan F, Liu L. Branched-Long-Chain Monomethyl Fatty Acids: Are They Hidden Gems? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18674-18684. [PMID: 37982580 PMCID: PMC10705331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Branched-long-chain monomethyl fatty acids (BLCFA) are consumed daily in significant amounts by humans in all stages of life. BLCFA are absorbed and metabolized in human intestinal epithelial cells and are not only oxidized for energy. Thus far, BLCFA have been revealed to possess versatile beneficial bioactivities, including cytotoxicity to cancer cells, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, reducing the risk of metabolic disorders, maintaining normal β cell function and insulin sensitivity, regulation of development, and mitigating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, compared to other well-studied dietary fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), BLCFA has received disproportionate attention despite their potential importance. Here we outlined the major food sources, estimated intake, absorption, and metabolism in human cells, and bioactive properties of BLCFA with a focus on the bioactive mechanisms to advocate for an increased commitment to BLCFA investigations. Humans were estimated to absorb 6-5000 mg of dietary BLCFA daily from fetus to adult. Notably, iso-15:0 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer, liver cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in rodent models at the effective doses of 35-105 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, and 70 mg/kg/day, respectively. Feeding formula prepared with 20% w/w BLCFA mixture to neonatal rats with enterocolitis mitigated the intestine inflammation. Iso-15:0 at doses of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg relieved brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In the future, it is crucial to conduct research to establish the epidemiology of BLCFA intake and their impacts on health outcomes in humans as well as to fully uncover the underlying mechanisms for their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanqiong Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Eibler D, Seyfried C, Vetter W. Enantioselectivity of anteiso-fatty acids in hitherto uninspected sample matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:233-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Eibler D, Abdurahman H, Ruoff T, Kaffarnik S, Steingass H, Vetter W. Unexpected Formation of Low Amounts of (R)-Configurated anteiso-Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid Experiments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170788. [PMID: 28129363 PMCID: PMC5271357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anteiso-fatty acids (aFA) with odd carbon number are a class of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) mainly produced by bacteria. Bacterial sources are also made responsible for their occurrence in the low percent-range in lipids of ruminants (meat and milk) and fish. aFAs are chiral molecules and typically occur predominantly in form of (S)-enantiomers, and their primary precursor has been noted to be isoleucine. Yet, low proportions of (R)-aFAs were also detected in fish and cheese samples. Here we investigated the potential formation of (R)-aFAs by means of incubation experiments with rumen fluid from fistulated cows. Supplementation of rumen fluid with both L- and DL-isoleucine, resulted in a significant (α <0.05) increase of the aFA concentrations but in both cases enantiopure (S)-aFAs were observed. By contrast, incubations without addition of any isoleucine lead to a significant (α <0.05) formation of small proportions of (R)-aFAs similarly to those previously observed in fish and cheese. These results were consistently reproduced in three different years with rumen fluid from different cows fed different diets. All findings point to the existence of a further biosynthesis pathway of aFAs with different stereospecificity than the classic one using isoleucine as primer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Eibler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Halima Abdurahman
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja Ruoff
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaffarnik
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert Steingass
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Science (460a), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lucquin A, Colonese AC, Farrell TF, Craig OE. Utilising phytanic acid diastereomers for the characterisation of archaeological lipid residues in pottery samples. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Eibler D, Seyfried C, Kaffarnik S, Vetter W. anteiso-Fatty Acids in Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.): Quantities, Enantioselectivities, and Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8921-8929. [PMID: 26390192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
anteiso-Fatty acids (aFAs) are a class of branched-chain fatty acids that are characterized by one methyl branch on the antepenultimate carbon of the straight acyl chain. aFAs are mainly produced by bacteria, and sources in vegetables are scarce. This study reports the concentrations of odd-numbered aFAs (a15:0-a21:0) in Brussels sprout buds. Selective enrichment followed by enantioselective gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode revealed that both a15:0 and a17:0 were (S)-enantiopure in Brussels sprout samples. δ(13)C values (‰) of a17:0 in Brussels sprouts were comparable with those of palmitic acid, indicating no different source for both fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Eibler
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Seyfried
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaffarnik
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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GC/EI-MS Determination of the Diastereomer Distribution of Phytanic Acid in Food Samples. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Creation and evaluation of a two-dimensional contour plot of fatty acid methyl esters after off-line coupling of reversed-phase HPLC and GC/EI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2695-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ratnayake WMN, Olsson B, Matthews D, Ackman RG. Preparation of Omega‐3 PUFA Concentrates from Fish Oils via Urea Complexation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19880901002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. N. Ratnayake
- Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3J 2X4
| | - B. Olsson
- Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3J 2X4
| | - D. Matthews
- Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3J 2X4
| | - R. G. Ackman
- Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Technical University of Nova Scotia, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3J 2X4
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Henderson
- Department of Biological Science, University of Stirling, Scotland, U.K
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Dore B, Marzona M, Ranzani M, Carelli G. Abundance of short-chain (C8–C14) fatty acids in the neutral lipids of Tubifex tubifex. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY PART B: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 62:147-150. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Pascal JC, Ackman RG. Origin of di-isobutyl phthalate, a contaminant mimicking nonadecenoic acid in fatty acids of egg membrane lipids. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 53:111-3. [PMID: 1248210 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lough AK. The chemistry and biochemistry of phytanic, pristanic and related acids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF FATS AND OTHER LIPIDS 1975; 14:1-48. [PMID: 4137246 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6832(75)90001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Hansen RP, Czochanska Z. Earthworm lipids: occurrence of phytanic, pristanic and 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acids. Lipids 1974; 9:825-7. [PMID: 4427523 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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van der Horst DJ. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the pulmonate landsnail Cepaea nemoralis (L.). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 46:551-60. [PMID: 4754771 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(73)90095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ackman RG, Safe L, Hooper SN, Paradis M, Safe S. 7-Methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid: isolation from lipids of the ocean sunfish Mola mola (Linnaeus) 1758. Lipids 1973; 8:21-4. [PMID: 4683806 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ackman RG, Hooper SN, Frair W. Comparison of the the fatty acid compositions of depot fats from fresh-water and marine turtles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 40:931-44. [PMID: 5137639 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ackman R, Hooper S, Ke P. The distribution of saturated and isoprenoid fatty acids in the lipids of three species of molluscs, Littorina littorea, Crassostrea virginica and Venus mercenaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Pristane and other hydrocarbons in some freshwater and marine fish oils. Lipids 1971; 6:520-2. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02531239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1971] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Ackman RG, Eaton CA, Litchfield C. Composition of wax esters, triglycerides and diacyl glyceryl ethers in the jaw and blubber fats of the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis). Lipids 1971; 6:69-77. [PMID: 5548640 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Addison RF, Ackman RG. Exceptional occurrence of odd-chain fatty acids in smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Jeddore Harbour, Nova Scotia. Lipids 1970; 5:554-7. [PMID: 5506374 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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