1
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Carter C, Kratish Y, Marks TJ. Influence of Rare-Earth Ion Radius on Metal-Metal Charge Transfer in Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4799-4813. [PMID: 36921086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a highly conjugated bisferrocenyl pyrrolediimine ligand, Fc2PyrDIH (1), and its trinuclear complexes with rare earth ions─(Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 (2-M, M = Sc, Y, Lu, La). Crystal structures, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/vis-NIR) data are presented. The latter are in good agreement with DFT calculations, illuminating the impact of the rare earth ionic radius on NIR charge transfer excitations. For [2-Sc]+, the charge transfer is at 11,500 cm-1, while for [2-Y]+, only a d-d transition at 8000 cm-1 is observed. Lu has an ionic radius in between Sc and Y, and the [2-Lu]+ complex exhibits both transitions. From time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis, we assign the 11,500 cm-1 transition as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), rather than pure metal-to-metal CT because it has significant ligand character. Typically, the ferrocenes moieties have high rotational freedom in bis-ferrocenyl mixed valent complexes. However, in the present (Fc2PyrDI)M(N(TMS)2)2 complexes, ligand-ligand repulsions lock the rotational freedom so that rare-earth ionic radius-dependent geometric differences increasingly influence orbital overlap as the ionic radius falls. The Marcus-Hush coupling constant HAB trends as [2-Sc]+ > [2-Lu]+ > [2-Y]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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2
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Xu QD, Zeng C, Su SD, He Y, Liu Y, Hu SM, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Investigation of the electron transfer properties between metal centers in binuclear and trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes with cis/ trans-configuration. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13938-13948. [PMID: 36040443 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the electron transfer properties between metal centers and their influencing factors in binuclear and trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes with cis/trans-configuration, binuclear cis-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(5,5'-dmbpy)2(μ-CN)][PF6]n (cis-1[PF6]n, n = 1, 2) and trinuclear cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(5,5'-dmbpy)2(μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n (cis/trans-2[PF6]n, n = 2, 3, 4) (Cp = 1,3-cyclopentadiene, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 5,5'-dmbpy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl) cyanido-bridged complexes were synthesized and well characterized. The experimental results indicate that the presence of the other terminal fragment Cp(dppe)FeIII in cis-2[PF6]4 results in higher MMCT energy than that of cis-1[PF6]2. In addition, the trans-configuration is more conducive to electron transfer between metal centers than the cis-configuration in trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes. Moreover, these mixed valence complexes cis-1[PF6]2 and cis/trans-2[PF6]n (n = 3, 4) could be assigned to Class II systems according to Robin and Day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
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3
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Xu QD, Ma X, Zeng C, Su SD, Hu SM, Huang YY, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Effects of cis/trans-Configuration and Ligand Substitution of the Cyanidometal Bridge on Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Mixed Valence Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104486. [PMID: 35347776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of cis/trans-configuration of the cyanidometal bridge and the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge on metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) in cyanidometal-bridged mixed valence compounds, two groups of trinuclear cyanidometal-bridged compounds cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(4,4'-dmbpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]n (n=2 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]2 ), 3 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]3 ), 4 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]4 )) and cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(bpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]3 (cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 ) were synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results indicate that for these one- and two-electron oxidation mixed valence compounds, the trans-configuration compounds are more beneficial for MMCT than the cis-configuration compounds, and increasing the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge is also conductive to MMCT. Moreover, compounds cis/trans-1[PF6 ]n (n=3, 4) and cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 belong to localized compounds by analyzing the experimental characterization results, supported by the TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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4
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Alizadeh S, Takjoo R. Preparation of nano-TiO 2 sensitized by new ruthenium complex for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Takjoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Carter C, Kratish Y, Jurca T, Gao Y, Marks TJ. Bis-Ferrocenyl-Pyridinediimine Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes with Metal-Binding Dependent Electronic Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Redox-Spectroscopic Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18715-18729. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
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6
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Nastasi F, Santoro A, Serroni S, Campagna S, Kaveevivitchai N, Thummel RP. Early photophysical events of a ruthenium(ii) molecular dyad capable of performing photochemical water oxidation and of its model compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2164-2173. [PMID: 30793142 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The early photophysical events occurring in the dinuclear metal complex [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]3+ (2; ttb-terpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-terpy; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dntpz = 2,5-di-(1,8-dinaphthyrid-2-yl)pyrazine) - a species containing the chromophoric {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ subunit and the catalytic {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit, already reported to be able to perform photocatalytic water oxidation - have been studied by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. The model species [Ru(bpy)2(dntpz)]2+ (1), [(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]4+ (3), and [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru((μ-dntpz)Ru[(ttb-terpy)(I)]2+ (4) have also been studied. For completeness, the absorption spectra, redox behavior of 1-4 and the spectroelectrochemistry of the dinuclear species 2-4 have been investigated. The usual 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) decay, characterized by relatively long lifetimes on the ns timescale, takes place in 1 and 3, whose lowest-energy level involves a {(bpy)2Ru(dntpz)}2+ unit, whereas for 2 and 4, whose lowest-energy excited state involves a 3MLCT centered on the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ subunit, the excited-state lifetimes are on the ps timescale, possibly involving population of a low-lying 3MC (metal-centered) level. Compound 2 also exhibits a fast process, with a time constant of 170 fs, which is attributed to intercomponent energy transfer from the MLCT state centered in the {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ unit to the MLCT state involving the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit. Both the intercomponent energy transfer and the MLCT-to-MC activation process take place from non-equilibrated MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nattawut Kaveevivitchai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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7
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Puntoriero F, Serroni S, La Ganga G, Santoro A, Galletta M, Nastasi F, La Mazza E, Cancelliere AM, Campagna S. Photo‐ and Redox‐Active Metal Dendrimers: A Journey from Molecular Design to Applications and Self‐Aggregated Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Fotosintesi Artificiale (SOLAR‐CHEM, sede di Messina) Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Ganga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Fotosintesi Artificiale (SOLAR‐CHEM, sede di Messina) Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Emanuele La Mazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Ambra M. Cancelliere
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (Chibiofaram) Università di Messina Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Fotosintesi Artificiale (SOLAR‐CHEM, sede di Messina) Via Sperone 31 98166 Messina Italy
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8
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Artificial, molecular-based light-harvesting antenna systems made of metal dendrimers and multibodipy species. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mardanya S, Karmakar S, Mondal D, Baitalik S. Homo- and Heterobimetallic Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes Based on a Pyrene-Biimidazolate Spacer as Efficient DNA-Binding Probes in the Near-Infrared Domain. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3475-89. [PMID: 27011117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report in this work a new family of homo- and heterobimetallic complexes of the type [(bpy)2M(Py-Biimz)M'(II)(bpy)2](2+) (M = M' = Ru(II) or Os(II); M = Ru(II) and M' = Os(II)) derived from a pyrenyl-biimidazole-based bridge, 2-imidazolylpyreno[4,5-d]imidazole (Py-BiimzH2). The homobimetallic Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes were found to crystallize in monoclinic form with space group P21/n. All the complexes exhibit strong absorptions throughout the entire UV-vis region and also exhibit luminescence at room temperature. For osmium-containing complexes (2 and 3) both the absorption and emission band stretched up to the NIR region and thus afford more biofriendly conditions for probable applications in infrared imaging and phototherapeutic studies. Detailed luminescence studies indicate that the emission originates from the respective (3)MLCT excited state mainly centered in the [M(bpy)2](2+) moiety of the complexes and is only slightly affected by the pyrene moiety. The bimetallic complexes show two successive one-electron reversible metal-centered oxidations in the positive potential window and several reduction processes in the negative potential window. An efficient intramolecular electronic energy transfer is found to occur from the Ru center to the Os-based component in the heterometallic dyad. The binding studies of the complexes with DNA were thoroughly studied through different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved emission, circular dichroism, and relative DNA binding study using ethidium bromide. The intercalative mode of binding was suggested to be operative in all cases. Finally, computational studies employing DFT and TD-DFT were also carried out to interpret the experimentally observed absorption and emission bands of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mardanya
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srikanta Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debiprasad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Donoli A, Bisello A, Cardena R, Crisma M, Orian L, Santi S. Charge Transfer Properties of Benzo[b]thiophene Ferrocenyl Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Donoli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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11
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Santi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Donoli A. Key multi(ferrocenyl) complexes in the interplay between electronic coupling and electrostatic interaction. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5234-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the properties of the most significant examples of multi(ferrocenyl) cations containing a number of ferrocenyl units from two to six are discussed and the results are compared with the outcomes of some of our recent studies on conjugated ferrocenyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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Donoli A, Bisello A, Cardena R, Prinzivalli C, Crisma M, Santi S. Charge Transfer Properties in Cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene Ferrocenyl Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4009668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Donoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Prinzivalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo
1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Goetsch WR, Solntsev PV, Van Stappen C, Purchel AA, Dudkin SV, Nemykin VN. Electron-Transfer Processes in 3,4-Diferrocenylpyrroles: Insight into a Missing Piece of the Polyferrocenyl-Containing Pyrroles Family. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400901w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wil R. Goetsch
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Pavlo V. Solntsev
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Anatolii A. Purchel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Semen V. Dudkin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Kal S, Filatov AS, Dinolfo PH. Structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic investigation of acetate bridged dinuclear tetrakis-Schiff base macrocycles of Mn and Zn. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13963-73. [PMID: 24262031 DOI: 10.1021/ic401631e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of Mn2LAc+, Zn2LAc+, and H4L2+ is described, where L is a tetrakis-Schiff base macrocycle formed using 4-tert-butyl-2,6-diformylphenol and 2,2′-diamino-N-methyldiethylamine resulting in an N6O2 coordination environment. In Mn2LAc+ and Zn2LAc+, the two metal centers are bridged by an acetate ligand. [Mn2LAc](ClO4)·(DMF)0.5, [Mn2LAc](ClO4)·(ACN)0.5, and [Zn2LAc](PF6) crystallized in the space group P2(1)/c, with nearly identical unit-cell dimensions and geometric structures. Electrochemical analysis of Zn2LAc+, and H4L2+ by cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed two irreversible anodic waves that were assigned to oxidations of the phenolate ligands. CVs of Mn2LAc+ displayed two chemically reversible anodic waves corresponding to Mn(II/III) oxidations, followed by irreversible oxidations of the phenolate ligands. Interfacial electron transfer rates for the single electron oxidations from Mn2(II)LAc+ to Mn(II)Mn(III)LAc2+ to Mn2(III)LAc+ determined from digital simulation of the CVs were 0.6 and 1.1 × 10(–3) cm s(–1), respectively. The sluggish interfacial electron transfer rates observed in electrochemical scans of Mn2LAc+ are consistent with broken symmetry density functional theory electronic structure calculations (B3LYP/6-311G(2df)/6-311G(d,p)) that predict large structural rearrangements of the Mn coordination environment upon oxidation to Mn(III) with associated Jahn–Teller distortions. Titration of Mn2LAc+, Zn2LAc+, and H4L2+ with NOPF6 in acetonitrile allowed for the isolation and spectroscopic examination of higher oxidations and were consistent with electrochemical assignments. The electrochemical and spectroscopic analysis of these complexes will aid in future studies involving electrocatalytic processes with related dinuclear macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Kal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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15
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16
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Guelfi M, Puntoriero F, Arrigo A, Serroni S, Cifelli M, Denti G. Synthesis, photophysical and redox behavior of unsymmetrical binuclear Ru(II) complexes based on tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Donoli A, Bisello A, Cardena R, Prinzivalli C, Santi S. Charge Transfer Properties of Multi(ferrocenyl)trindenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301006v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Donoli
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Prinzivalli
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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18
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Wragg AB, Derossi S, Easun TL, George MW, Sun XZ, Hartl F, Shelton AH, Meijer AJHM, Ward MD. Solvent-dependent modulation of metal–metal electronic interactions in a dinuclear cyanoruthenate complex: a detailed electrochemical, spectroscopic and computational study. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10354-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Solntsev PV, Dudkin SV, Sabin JR, Nemykin VN. Electronic Communications in (Z)-Bis(ferrocenyl)ethylenes with Electron-Withdrawing Substituents. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Saha D, Das S, Maity D, Dutta S, Baitalik S. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Photophysical, Electrochemical, Intercomponent Energy-Transfer, and Anion-Sensing Studies of Imidazole 4,5-Bis(benzimidazole)-Bridged OsIIOsII and RuIIOsII Bipyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:46-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100905u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shyamal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dinesh Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Supriya Dutta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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21
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Low PJ, Brown NJ. Electronic Interactions Between and Through Covalently-Bonded Polymetallic Complexes. J CLUST SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-010-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Baitalik S, Dutta S, Biswas P, Flörke U, Bothe E, Nag K. Structural, Spectroscopic, and Proton-Coupled Electron-transfer Behavior of Pyrazolyl-3,5-bis(benzimidazole)-Bridged Homo- and Heterochiral RuIIRuII, OsIIOsII, and OsIIRuII2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Giannetto A, Puntoriero F, Barattucci A, Lanza S, Campagna S. Tight-Contact Ion Pairs Involving Pt(II) Dithiooxamide Complexes: the Acid−Base Reactions between Hydrohalogenated Ion-Paired Complexes and Pyridine. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:10397-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giannetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Lanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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24
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Wadman SH, Havenith RWA, Hartl F, Lutz M, Spek AL, van Klink GPM, van Koten G. Redox Chemistry and Electronic Properties of 2,3,5,6-Tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes Controlled by N,C,N′-BisCyclometalated Ligands. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:5685-96. [PMID: 20507098 DOI: 10.1021/ic801897k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - František Hartl
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Ghumaan S, Sarkar B, Maji S, Puranik V, Fiedler J, Urbanos F, Jimenez-Aparicio R, Kaim W, Lahiri G. Valence-State Analysis through Spectroelectrochemistry in a Series of Quinonoid-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes [(acac)2Ru(μ-L)Ru(acac)2]n (n=+2, +1, 0, −1, −2). Chemistry 2008; 14:10816-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Loiseau F, Nastasi F, Stadler AM, Campagna S, Lehn JM. Molecular Wire Type Behavior of Polycationic Multinuclear Rack-Type RuII Complexes of Polytopic Hydrazone-Based Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Loiseau F, Nastasi F, Stadler AM, Campagna S, Lehn JM. Molecular Wire Type Behavior of Polycationic Multinuclear Rack-Type RuII Complexes of Polytopic Hydrazone-Based Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6144-7. [PMID: 17628478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Loiseau
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Via Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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28
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Multiple one-electron oxidation and reduction of trinuclear bis(2,4-pentanedionato)ruthenium complexes with substituted diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine ligands. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Unconventional mixed-valent complexes of ruthenium and osmium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1778-96. [PMID: 17323423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments have helped to extend the repertoire of mixed-valent ruthenium and osmium complexes beyond conventional systems. This extension has been achieved by using sophisticated ligands and by creating more variegated coordination patterns. The strategies employed include the use of multidentate ligands (which give rise to multinuclear and chelate complexes) and the use several redox active components (non-innocent ligands and oxidation-state ambivalence). The results offer enhanced chemical insight into metal-ligand electron-transfer situations and suggest that mixed-valent materials may eventually be exploited in molecular electronics and molecular computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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30
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Tampucci S, Belicchi Ferrari M, Calucci L, Pelosi G, Denti G. μ-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-N1:N4-bis(pentaammineruthenium) tetracation: Synthesis and X-ray structure. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Kaim W, Lahiri G. Unkonventionelle gemischtvalente Komplexe des Rutheniums und Osmiums. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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D'Alessandro DM, Junk PC, Richard Keene F. Differential Ion-pairing and Temperature Effects on Intervalence Charge Transfer (IVCT) in a Series of Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270500310537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. D'Alessandro
- a School of Pharmacy & Molecular Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- b School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, 3182, Australia
| | - F. Richard Keene
- a School of Pharmacy & Molecular Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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33
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34
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Rocha RC, Toma HE. Mixed-valence properties of Ruthenium–Polypyridine dimers bridged by Imidazolate and Triazolate Ligands. J COORD CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970410001671075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo C. Rocha
- a Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique E. Toma
- a Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Maji S, Sarkar B, Mobin SM, Fiedler J, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Non-innocent behaviour of ancillary and bridging ligands in homovalent and mixed-valent ruthenium complexes [A2Ru(µ-L)RuA2]n, A = 2,4-pentanedionato or 2-phenylazopyridine, L2−= 2,5-bis(2-oxidophenyl)pyrazine. Dalton Trans 2007:2411-8. [PMID: 17844663 DOI: 10.1039/b701511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally characterised 2,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (H2L) can be partially or fully deprotonated to form the complexes [(acac)2Ru(mu-L)Ru(acac)2], [1], acac = acetylacetonato = 2,4-pentanedionato, [(pap)2Ru(mu-L)Ru(pap)2](ClO4)2, [2](ClO4)2, pap = 2-phenylazopyridine, or [(pap)2Ru(HL)](ClO4), [3](ClO4). Several reversible oxidation and reduction processes were observed in each case and were analysed with respect to oxidation state alternatives through EPR and UV-VIS-NIR spectroelectrochemistry. In relation to previously reported compounds with 2,2'-bipyridine as ancillary ligands the complex redox system [1]n is distinguished by a preference for metal-based electron transfer whereas the systems [2]n and [3]n favour an invariant Ru(II) state. Accordingly, the paramagnetic forms of [1]n, n = -, 0, +, exhibit metal-centred spin whereas the odd-electron intermediates [2]+, [2](3+) and [3] show radical-type EPR spectra. A comparison with analogous complexes involving the 3,6-bis(2-oxidophenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine reveals the diminished pi acceptor capability of the pyrazine-containing bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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36
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Ghumaan S, Mukherjee S, Kar S, Roy D, Mobin SM, Sunoj RB, Lahiri GK. An Experimental and Density Functional Theory Approach Towards the Establishment of Preferential Metal- or Ligand-Based Electron-Transfer Processes in Large Quinonoid-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes [{(aap)2Ru}2(μ-BL2–)]n+ (aap = 2-Arylazopyridine). Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Ghumaan S, Lahiri GK. Tuning intermetallic electronic coupling in polyruthenium systems via molecular architecture. J CHEM SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Petitjean A, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Juris A, Lehn JM. Multicomponent Supramolecular Devices: Synthesis, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Bridged Bis-dirhodium and -diruthenium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Ghumaan S, Sarkar B, Chanda N, Sieger M, Fiedler J, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. 2,2‘-Dipyridylketone (dpk) as Ancillary Acceptor and Reporter Ligand in Complexes [(dpk)(Cl)Ru(μ-tppz)Ru(Cl)(dpk)]n+ where tppz = 2,3,5,6-Tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7955-61. [PMID: 16961390 DOI: 10.1021/ic060887l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tppz-bridged diruthenium(II) complex [(dpk)(Cl)Ru(II)(mu-tppz)Ru(II)(Cl)(dpk)](ClO4)2, [2](ClO4)2, and mononuclear [(dpk)(Cl)Ru(II)(tppz)](ClO4), [1](ClO4) [tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, dpk = 2,2'-dipyridylketone], have been synthesized. The 260 mV separation between successive one-electron oxidation couples in [2]2+ translates to a relatively small comproportionation constant, Kc, of 2.5 x 10(4) for the intermediate. It is shown how electrochemical data (E(ox), E(red), Kc) reflect the donor/acceptor effects of ancillary ligands L in a series of systems [(L)ClRu(mu-tppz)RuCl(L)]n, particularly the competition between L and tppz for electron density from the metal. According to EPR (g1 = 2.470, g2 = 2.195, and g3 = 1.873 at 4 K) the intermediate [2]3+ is a mixed-valent Ru(II)Ru(III) species which shows a rather narrow intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band at 1800 nm (epsilon = 1500 M(-1) cm(-1)). The width at half-height (Deltanu(1/2)) of 700 cm(-1) of the IVCT band is much smaller than the calculated value of 3584 cm(-1), obtained by using the Hush formula Deltanu(1/2) = (2310E(op))(1/2) (E(op) = 5556 cm(-1), energy of the IVCT transition) which would be applicable to localized (Class II) mixed-valent Ru(II)Ru(III) systems. Valence delocalization in [2]3+ is supported by the uniform shift of the nu(C=O) band of the N,N'-coordinated dpk ligands from 1676 cm(-1) in the Ru(II)Ru(II) precursor to 1690 cm(-1) in the Ru(2.5)Ru(2.5) form, illustrating the use of the dpk acceptor to act as reporter ligand via the free but pi-conjugated organic carbonyl group. The apparent contradiction between the moderate value of Kc and the narrow IVCT band is being discussed considering "borderline" or "hybrid" "Class II-III" concepts of mixed-valency, as well as coordination aspects, i.e., the bis-tridentate nature of the pi-acceptor bridging ligand. Altogether, the complex ions [1]+ and [2]2+ display four and five successive reduction processes, respectively, involving both tppz- and dpk-based unoccupied pi orbitals. The one-electron reduced form [2]+ has been assigned as a tppz*- radical-anion-containing species which exhibits a free-radical-type EPR signal at 4K (g(parallel) = 2.002, g(perpendicular) = 1.994) and one moderately intense ligand-based low-energy band at 965 nm (epsilon = 1100 M(-1) cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Ghumaan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India
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40
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D'Alessandro DM, Topley AC, Davies MS, Keene FR. Probing the Transition between the Localised (Class II) and Localised-to-Delocalised (Class II–III) Regimes by Using Intervalence Charge-Transfer Solvatochromism in a Series of Mixed-Valence Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes. Chemistry 2006; 12:4873-84. [PMID: 16596684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) solvatochromism studies on the diastereoisomeric forms of [{Ru(bpy)(2)}(2)(mu-BL)](5+) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; BL=a series of di-bidentate polypyridyl bridging ligands) reveal that the solvent dependencies of the IVCT transitions decrease as the "tail" of the bridging ligand is extended, and the extent of delocalisation increases. Utilising a classical theoretical approach for the analysis of the intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) solvatochromism data, the subtle and systematic variation in the electronic properties of the bridging ligands can be correlated with the shift between the localised (class II) and localised-to-delocalised (class II-III) regimes. The investigation of the diastereoisomeric forms of two series of complexes incorporating analogous structurally rigid (fused) and nonrigid (unfused) bridging ligands demonstrates that the differences in the IVCT characteristics of the diastereoisomers of a given complex are accentuated in the latter case, due to a stereochemically induced redox asymmetry contribution. The marked dependence of the IVCT transitions on the stereochemical identity of the complexes provides a quantitative measure of the fundamental contributions of the reorganisational energy and redox asymmetry to the intramolecular electron-transfer barrier at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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41
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D’Alessandro DM, Keene FR. Diastereoisomers as probes for solvent reorganizational effects on IVCT in dinuclear ruthenium complexes. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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D’Alessandro DM, Dinolfo PH, Hupp JT, Junk PC, Keene FR. The Effective Electron-Transfer Distance in Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Containing the Unsymmetrical Bridging Ligand 3,5-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Polson MIJ, Loiseau F, Campagna S, Hanan GS. Bridging ligand planarity as a route to long-lived, near infrared emitting dinuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1301-3. [PMID: 16538254 DOI: 10.1039/b515493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear ruthenium complex of a large, planar bis-tridentate bridging ligand has been prepared; to the best of our knowledge, this species is the near IR-emitting Ru(II) complex exhibiting the longest-lived emission and highest quantum yield reported so far, due to the dramatic reduction in its radiationless decay rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I J Polson
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T-1J4, Canada
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D’Alessandro DM, Keene FR. Metal–metal interactions in dinuclear ruthenium complexes incorporating “stepped-parallel” bridging ligands: synthesis, stereochemistry and intervalence charge transfer. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b514111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Masllorens J, Moreno-Mañas M, Roglans A. Preparation of 15-membered unsaturated N–H containing azamacrocycles and their differential coordination with Pd(0) and Pd(II). Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Stadler AM, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Kyritsakas N, Welter R, Lehn JM. Synthesis, Structural Features, Absorption Spectra, Redox Behaviour and Luminescence Properties of Ruthenium(II) Rack-Type Dinuclear Complexes with Ditopic, Hydrazone-Based Ligands. Chemistry 2005; 11:3997-4009. [PMID: 15844135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The isomeric bis(tridentate) hydrazone ligand strands 1 a-c react with [Ru(terpy)Cl3] (terpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) to give dinuclear rack-type compounds 2 a-c, which were characterised by several techniques, including X-ray crystallography and NMR methods. The absorption spectra, redox behaviour and luminescence properties (both in fluid solution at room temperature and in rigid matrix at 77 K) of the ligand strands 1 a-c and of the metal complexes 2 a-c have been studied. Compounds 1 a-c exhibit absorption spectra dominated by intense pi-pi* bands, which, in the case of 1 b and 1 c, extend within the visible region, while the absorption spectra of the rack-type complexes 2 a-c show intense bands both the in the UV region, due to spin-allowed ligand-centred (LC) transitions, and in the visible, due to spin-allowed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions. The energy position of these bands strongly depends on the ligand strand: in the case of 2 a, the lowest energy MLCT band is around 470 nm, while in 2 b and 2 c, it lies beyond 600 nm. Ligands 1 a-c undergo oxidation processes that involve orbitals based mainly on the CH3--N--N== fragments. The complexes 2 a-c undergo reversible metal-centred oxidation, while reductions involve the hydrazone-based ligands: in 2 b and 2 c, the bridging ligand is reduced twice and in 2 a once before reduction of the peripheral terpy ligands takes place. Ligands 1 a-c exhibit luminescence from the lowest-lying 1pi-pi* level. Only for complex 2 a does emission occur; this may be attributed to a 3MLCT state involving the bridging ligand. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that the structural variations introduced translate into interesting differences in the spectroscopic, luminescence and redox properties of the ligand strands as well as of the rack-type metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Mihail Stadler
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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D'Alessandro DM, Keene FR. Intervalence Charge Transfer (IVCT) in Ruthenium Dinuclear and Trinuclear Assemblies Containing the Bridging Ligand HAT {1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene}. Chemistry 2005; 11:3679-88. [PMID: 15809988 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The IVCT characteristics of the mixed-valence forms of the dinuclear [{Ru(bpy)(2)}(2)(mu-hat)](n+) and the trinuclear [{Ru(bpy)(2)}(3)(mu-hat)](n+) species {HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine} show a marked dependence on the nuclearity, and in the trinuclear case on the extent of oxidation. Small differences are also found between the diastereoisomers of the dinuclear complex {meso (DeltaLambda) and rac (DeltaDelta/LambdaLambda)}, and between the homochiral (Delta(3)/Lambda(3)) and heterochiral (Delta(2)Lambda/Lambda(2)Delta) diastereoisomers of the trinuclear case. The strong metal-metal interactions result in unusual spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the singly-oxidised (+7) and doubly-oxidised (+8) trinuclear mixed-valence species. A qualitative localised bonding description based on the geometrical properties of the dpi(Ru(II/III)) orbitals is invoked to explain the IVCT behaviour in the di- and trinuclear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Bergman SD, Goldberg I, Barbieri A, Kol M. Mononuclear and dinuclear complexes of isoeilatin. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:2513-23. [PMID: 15792490 DOI: 10.1021/ic050002q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of mononuclear and dinuclear Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes based on the symmetrical bridging ligand isoeilatin (1). The crystal structure of 1.[HCl]2 consists of layers of tightly pi-stacked molecules of the biprotonated isoeilatin. The mononuclear complexes [Ru(bpy)2(ieil)]2+ (2(2+)) and [Os(bpy)2(ieil)]2+ (3(2+)) form discrete dimers in solution held together by face-selective pi-stacking interactions via the isoeilatin ligand. Coordination of a second metal fragment does not hinder the pi-stacking completely, as demonstrated by the concentration dependence of the 1H NMR spectra of the dinuclear complexes [{Ru(bpy)2}2{mu-ieil}]4+ (4(4+)), [{Os(bpy)2}2{mu-ieil}]4+ (5(4+)), and [{Ru(bpy)2}{mu-ieil}{Os(bpy)2}]4+ (6(4+)) and supported by the solid-state structure of meso-4.[Cl]4. The bridging isoeilatin ligand conserves its planarity even upon coordination of a second metal fragment, as demonstrated in the solid-state structures of meso-4.[Cl]4, meso-4.[PF6]4, and meso-5.[PF6]4. All of the dinuclear complexes exhibit a preference (3/2-3/1) for the formation of the heterochiral as opposed to the homochiral diastereoisomer. Absorption spectra of the mononuclear complexes feature a low-lying dpi(M) --> pi*iel MLCT band around 600 nm that shifts to beyond 700 nm upon coordination of a second metal fragment. Cyclic and square-wave voltammetry measurements of the complexes exhibit two isoeilatin-based reduction waves that are substantially anodically shifted compared to [M(bpy)3]2+ (M = Ru, Os). Luminescence spectra, quantum yields, and lifetime measurements at room temperature and at 77 K demonstrate that the complexes exhibit 3MLCT emission that occurs in the IR region between 950 and 1300 nm. Both the electrochemical and photophysical data are consistent with the low-lying pi orbital of the isoeilatin ligand. The dinuclear complexes exhibit two reversible, well-resolved, metal-centered oxidation waves, despite the chemical equivalence of the two metal centers, indicating a significant metal-metal interaction mediated by the bridging isoeilatin ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba D Bergman
- The School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Gupta P, Das A, Basuli F, Castineiras A, Sheldrick WS, Mayer-Figge H, Bhattacharya S. Variable Coordination Mode of Chloranilic Acid. Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Some Osmium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:2081-8. [PMID: 15762736 DOI: 10.1021/ic049149s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of chloranilic acid (H2ca) with [Os(bpy)2 Br2] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) affords a dinuclear complex of type [{Os(bpy)2}2 (ca)]2+, isolated as the perchlorate salt. A similar reaction of H2ca with [Os(PPh3)2 (pap)Br2] (pap = 2-(phenylazo)pyridine) affords a dinuclear complex of type [{Os(PPh3)2 (pap)}2 (ca)]2+ (isolated as the perchlorate salt) and a mononuclear complex of type [Os(PPh3)2 (pap)(ca)]. Reaction of H2ca with [Os(PPh3)2(CO)2(HCOO)2] gives a dinuclear complex of type [{Os(PPh3)2(CO)2}2 (r-ca)], where r-ca is the two electron reduced form of the chloranilate ligand. The structures of the [{Os(PPh3)2 (pap)}2 (ca)](ClO4)2, [Os(PPh3)2 (pap)(ca)], and [{Os(PPh3)2(CO)2}2 (r-ca)] complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography. In the [{Os(bpy)2}2 (ca)]2+ and [{Os(PPh3)2 (pap)}2 (ca)]2+ complexes, the chloranilate dianion is serving as a tetradentate bridging ligand. In the [Os(PPh3)2 (pap)(ca)] complex, the chloranilate dianion is serving as a bidentate chelating ligand. In the [{Os(PPh3)2(CO)2}2 (r-ca)] complex, the reduced form of the chloranilate ligand (r-ca(4-)) is serving as a tetradentate bridging ligand. All the four complexes are diamagnetic and show intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions in the visible region. The [Os(PPh3)2 (pap)(ca)] complex shows an Os(II)-Os(III) oxidation, followed by an Os(III)-Os(IV) oxidation on the positive side of a standard calomel electrode. The three dinuclear complexes show two successive oxidations on the positive side of SCE. The mixed-valent Os(II)-Os(III) species have been generated in the case of the two chloranilate-bridged complexes by coulometric oxidation of the homovalent Os(II)-Os(II) species. The mixed-valent Os(II)-Os(III) species show intense intervalence charge-transfer transitions in the near-IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Convergence of spectroscopic and kinetic electron transfer parameters for mixed-valence binuclear dipyridylamide ruthenium ammine complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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