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Sethuraman V, Mogurampelly S, Ganesan V. Ion transport mechanisms in lamellar phases of salt-doped PS-PEO block copolymer electrolytes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7793-7803. [PMID: 29057421 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use a multiscale simulation strategy to elucidate, at an atomistic level, the mechanisms underlying ion transport in the lamellar phase of polystyrene-polyethylene oxide (PS-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) electrolytes doped with LiPF6 salts. Explicitly, we compare the results obtained for ion transport in the microphase separated block copolymer melts to those for salt-doped PEO homopolymer melts. In addition, we also present results for dynamics of the ions individually in the PEO and PS domains of the BCP melt, and locally as a function of the distance from the lamellar interfaces. When compared to the PEO homopolymer melt, ions were found to exhibit slower dynamics in both the block copolymer (overall) and in the PEO phase of the BCP melt. Such results are shown to arise from the effects of slower polymer segmental dynamics in the BCP melt and the coordination characteristics of the ions. Polymer backbone-ion residence times analyzed as a function of distance from the interface indicate that ions have a larger residence time near the interface compared to that near the bulk of lamella, and demonstrates the influence of the glassy PS blocks and microphase segregation on the ion transport properties. Ion transport mechanisms in BCP melts reveal that there exist five distinct mechanisms for ion transport along the backbone of the chain and exhibit qualitative differences from the behavior in homopolymer melts. We also present results as a function of salt concentration which show that the mean-squared displacements of the ions decrease with increasing salt concentration, and that the ion residence times near the polymer backbone increase with increasing salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanathan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Mogurampelly S, Borodin O, Ganesan V. Computer Simulations of Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2016; 7:349-71. [PMID: 27070764 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and optimizing ion transport in polymer membranes have been the subject of active research for more than three decades. We present an overview of the progress and challenges involved with the modeling and simulation aspects of the ion transport properties of polymer membranes. We are concerned mainly with atomistic and coarser level simulation studies and discuss some salient work in the context of pure binary and single ion conducting polymer electrolytes, polymer nanocomposites, block copolymers, and ionic liquid-based hybrid electrolytes. We conclude with an outlook highlighting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry Branch, RDRL-SED-C, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1138;
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;
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Vijayaraghavan P, Brown JR, Hall LM. Modeling the Effect of Polymer Composition on Ionic Aggregation in Poly(propylene glycol)‐Based Ionenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan R. Brown
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
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4
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Computational modelling of polymer electrolytes: What do 30 years of research efforts provide us today? Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Can biochemistry usefully guide the search for better polymer electrolytes? MEMBRANES 2013; 3:242-8. [PMID: 24956948 PMCID: PMC4021945 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
I review some considerations that suggest that the biochemical products of evolution may provide hints concerning the way forward for the development of better electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries.
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Lin KJ, Maranas JK. Cation Coordination and Motion in a Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Single Ion Conductor. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Ju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802
| | - Janna K. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802
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Wu H, Wick CD. Computational Investigation on the Role of Plasticizers on Ion Conductivity in Poly(ethylene oxide) LiTFSI Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902758w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270
| | - Collin D. Wick
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270
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Ostwal MM, Sahimi M, Tsotsis TT. Water harvesting using a conducting polymer: a study by molecular dynamics simulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:061801. [PMID: 19658516 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The results of extensive molecular simulations of adsorption and diffusion of water vapor in polyaniline, made conducting by doping it with HCl or HBr over a broad range of temperatures, are reported. The atomistic model of the polymers was generated using energy minimization, equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, and two different force fields. The computed sorption isotherms are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The computed activation energies for the diffusion of water molecules in the polymers also compare well with what has been reported in the literature. The results demonstrate the potential of conducting polyaniline for water harvesting from air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Ostwal
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
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Vogel M. Conformational and Structural Relaxations of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(propylene oxide) Melts: Molecular Dynamics Study of Spatial Heterogeneity, Cooperativity, and Correlated Forward–Backward Motion. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7024072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vogel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Ostwal MM, Tsotsis TT, Sahimi M. Molecular dynamics simulation of diffusion and sorption of water in conducting polyaniline. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124903. [PMID: 17411157 DOI: 10.1063/1.2714555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations are used to develop, for the first time, atomistic models of HCl- and HBr-doped conducting polyanilines, in order to study diffusion and adsorption of water vapor in the polymers. Various morphological properties of the polymers are computed, including their pair correlation functions that are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and their accessible free volumes. Also computed are the sorption isotherms and effective self-diffusivity of water vapor in the polymers. The computed sorption isotherms are in quantitative agreement with the experimental data, while the diffusivities are within an order of magnitude of the data. The reasons for the differences between the computed and measured diffusivities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Ostwal
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA.
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Duan Y, Halley JW, Curtiss L, Redfern P. Mechanisms of lithium transport in amorphous polyethylene oxide. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:54702. [PMID: 15740341 DOI: 10.1063/1.1839555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report calculations using a previously reported model of lithium perchlorate in polyethylene oxide in order to understand the mechanism of lithium transport in these systems. Using an algorithm suggested by Voter, we find results for the diffusion rate which are quite close to experimental values. By analysis of the individual events in which large lithium motions occur during short times, we find that no single type of rearrangement of the lithium environment characterizes these events. We estimate the free energies of the lithium ion as a function of position during these events by calculation of potentials of mean force and thus derive an approximate map of the free energy as a function of lithium position during these events. The results are consistent with a Marcus-like picture in which the system slowly climbs a free energy barrier dominated by rearrangement of the polymer around the lithium ions, after which the lithium moves very quickly to a new position. Reducing the torsion forces in the model causes the diffusion rates to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Duan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ennari J, Elomaa M, Neelov I, Sundholm F. Modeling of water-free and water containing solid polyelectrolytes. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Ennari J, Elomaa M, Sundholm F. Modelling a polyelectrolyte system in water to estimate the ion-conductivity. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Borodin O, Smith GD. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene oxide)/LiI Melts. 1. Structural and Conformational Properties. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980838v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Borodin
- Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Grant D. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Kolafa J, Ratner M. Oligomers of Poly(Ethylene Oxide): Molecular Dynamics with a Polarizable Force Field. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029808022047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Amini M, Forsyth M, Gruenhut S, Meakin P, MacFarlane D. Equilibration strategies in molecular dynamics simulation of polyethers. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Ennari J, Hamara J, Sundholm F. Vibrational spectra as experimental probes for molecular models of ion-conducting polyether systems. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Ferry A. Ionic Interactions and Transport Properties in Methyl Terminated Poly(propylene glycol)(4000) Complexed with LiCF3SO3. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962739u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ferry
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Ferry A, Jacobsson P, Stevens JR. Studies of Ionic Interactions in Poly(propylene glycol)4000 Complexed with Triflate Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ferry
- Department of Physics, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P. Jacobsson
- Department of Physics, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Payne VA, Xu J, Forsyth M, Ratner MA, Shriver DF, de Leeuw SW. Molecular dynamics simulations of ion clustering and conductivity in NaI/ether solutions. II. Effect of ion concentration. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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