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Mathew DE, Gopi S, Kathiresan M, Stephan AM, Thomas S. Influence of MOF ligands on the electrochemical and interfacial properties of PEO-based electrolytes for all-solid- state lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jafari MJ, Liu J, Engquist I, Ederth T. Time-Resolved Chemical Mapping in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2747-2757. [PMID: 28032741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the doping and ion distributions in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) is required to approach a realistic conduction model which can precisely explain the electrochemical reactions, p-n junction formation, and ion dynamics in the active layer and to provide relevant information about LECs for systematic improvement of function and manufacture. Here, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy is used to monitor anion density profile and polymer structure in situ and for time-resolved mapping of electrochemical doping in an LEC under bias. The results are in very good agreement with the electrochemical doping model with respect to ion redistribution and formation of a dynamic p-n junction in the active layer. We also physically slow ions by decreasing the working temperature and study frozen-junction formation and immobilization of ions in a fixed-junction LEC device by FTIR imaging. The obtained results show irreversibility of the ion redistribution and polymer doping in a fixed-junction device. In addition, we demonstrate that infrared microscopy is a useful tool for in situ characterization of electroactive organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Jafari
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University , Norrköping SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University , Norrköping SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Division of Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
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Natarajan A, Stephan AM, Chan CH, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Electrochemical studies on composite gel polymer electrolytes for lithium sulfur-batteries. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angulakshmi Natarajan
- International Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686 560 India
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Univerisii Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Chin Han Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Univerisii Teknologi MARA; 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686 560 India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam 686 560 India
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Influence of the Ionic Liquid Type on the Gel Polymer Electrolytes Properties. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:752-71. [PMID: 26610580 PMCID: PMC4704010 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) composed by ZnTf₂ salt, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), and different ionic liquids are synthesized using n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. Three different imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing diverse cations and anions have been explored. Structural and electrical properties of the GPEs varying the ZnTf₂ concentration are analyzed by ATR-FTIR, DSC, TG, and cyclic voltammetry. Free salt IL-GPEs present distinct behavior because they are influenced by the different IL cations and anions composition. However, inclusion of ZnTf₂ salt inside the polymers provide GPEs with very similar characteristics, pointing out that ionic transport properties are principally caused by Zn(2+) and triflate movement. Whatever the IL used, the presence of NMP solvent inside the polymer's matrix turns out to be a key factor for improving the Zn(2+) transport inside the GPE due to the interaction between Zn(2+) cations and carbonyl groups of the NMP. High values of ionic conductivity, low activation energy values, and good voltammetric reversibility obtained regardless of the ionic liquid used enable these GPEs to be applied in Zn batteries. Capacities of 110-120 mAh·g(-1) have been obtained for Zn/IL-GPE/MnO₂ batteries discharged at -1 mA·cm(-2).
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Guisao JPT, Romero AJF. Interaction between Zn2+ cations and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in ionic liquid-based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Zn batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Electrical and spectroscopic characterization of PVdF-HFP and TFSI—ionic liquids-based gel polymer electrolyte membranes. Influence of ZnTf2 salt. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stephan AM, Prem Kumar T, Thomas S, Bongiovanni R, Nair JR, Angulakshmi N, Pollicino A. Ca3(PO4)2-incorporated poly(ethylene oxide)-based nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium batteries. Part II. Interfacial properties investigated by XPS and a.c. impedance studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Stephan AM, Kumar TP, Kulandainathan MA, Lakshmi NA. Chitin-Incorporated Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1963-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808640j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Manuel Stephan
- Electrochemical Power Systems and Electro-Organic Divisions, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
| | - T. Prem Kumar
- Electrochemical Power Systems and Electro-Organic Divisions, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
| | - M. Anbu Kulandainathan
- Electrochemical Power Systems and Electro-Organic Divisions, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
| | - N. Angu Lakshmi
- Electrochemical Power Systems and Electro-Organic Divisions, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
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Ramesh S, Yuen TF, Shen CJ. Conductivity and FTIR studies on PEO-LiX [X: CF3SO3(-), SO4(2-)] polymer electrolytes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 69:670-5. [PMID: 17600757 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium triflate (PEO-LiCF3SO3) and poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium sulphate (PEO-Li2S4) were prepared by using solution casting method. Measurements of conductivity and dielectric were carried out on these films as a function of frequency at various temperatures. It was observed that PEO-LiCF3SO3 polymer electrolytes have higher conductivity. The interaction between PEO and Li salts were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ramesh S, Leen KH, Kumutha K, Arof AK. FTIR studies of PVC/PMMA blend based polymer electrolytes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:1237-42. [PMID: 16919998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The polymer electrolytes composing of the blend of polyvinyl chloride-polymethyl methacrylate (PVC/PMMA) with lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) as salt, ethylene carbonate (EC) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizers and silica (SiO2) as the composite filler were prepared. FTIR studies confirm the complexation between PVC/PMMA blends. The CCl stretching mode at 834 cm-1 for pure PVC is shifted to 847 cm-1 in PVC-PMMA-LiCF3SO3 system. This suggests that there is interaction between Cl in PVC with Li+ ion from LiCF3SO3. The band due to OCH3 at 1150 cm-1 for PVC-PMMA blend is shifted to 1168 cm-1 in PVC-PMMA-LiCF3SO3 system. This shift is expected to be due to the interaction between Li+ ion and the oxygen atom in PMMA. The symmetric vibration band and the asymmetric vibration band of LiCF3SO3 at 1033 and 1256 cm-1 shifted to 1075 and 1286 cm-1 in the DBP-EC plasticized PVC-PMMA-LiCF3SO3 complexes. The interaction between Li+ ions and SiO2 will lead to an increase in the number of free plasticizers (which does not interact with Li+ ions). When the silica content increases from 2% to 5%, the intensity of the peak at 896 cm-1 (due to the ring breathing vibration of free EC) increases in PVC-PMMA-LiCF3SO3-DBP-EC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kumutha K, Alias Y. FTIR spectra of plasticized grafted natural rubber-LiCF3SO3 electrolytes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 64:442-7. [PMID: 16530471 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of natural rubber (NR) has frequently been attempted to improve the performance in specific application. 30% poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) grafted into NR (MG30) has been explored as a potential candidate for polymer electrolytes. The complexation effect of salt and plasticizer in polymer host electrolytes had been investigated using FTIR. The carbonyl stretch of MG30 locates at 1729 cm-1, with the addition of lithium trimethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) salt, new band evolves at lower frequency region at 1643-1645 cm-1. The nondegenerate vibrational mode of nus(SO3) of salted electrolytes appearing at 1031-1034 cm-1 comes from 'free' trimethanesulfonate anions and the 1040-1046 cm-1 absorption from the monodentate ion paired with triflates. These indicate MG30-salt interaction. When MG30 and ethylene carbonate (EC) formed film, the CH3 asymmetric bend of MG30 appearing at 1447cm-1 is shifted to 1449 cm-1 in the EC-polymer complex. The CO stretching at 1729 cm-1 also shifted to 1728 cm-1. Hence, the EC-MG30 system is complexed to each other. EC-LiCF3SO3 interactions are indicated by the shifting of CO bending band of EC from 718 cm-1 being shifted to 720 cm-1 in the complex. In Li+-EC interaction where the ring breathing region at 897 cm-1 in EC has shifted to 899 cm-1 in EC-salt spectrum. The band appearing at 1643-1645 cm-1 due to the coordination of Li+<--O-C is still under observation and new peaks at 1779 and 1809 cm-1 are responsible to the carbonyl stretches of EC in plasticized salt-polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kumutha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mitra S, Sampath S. Alternating Current Conductivity and Spectroscopic Studies on Sol−Gel Derived, Trivalent Ion Containing Silicate−Tetra(ethylene glycol)-Based Composites. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0484328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Mitra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - S. Sampath
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Girish Kumar G, Sampath S. Spectroscopic characterization of a gel polymer electrolyte of zinc triflate and polyacrylonitrile. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Zea Bermudez V, Ostrovskii D, Lavoryk S, Cristina Gonçalves M, Carlos LD. Urethane cross-linked poly(oxyethylene)/siliceous nanohybrids doped with Eu3+ions : Part 2. Ionic association. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b308202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yahya M, Arof A. Effect of oleic acid plasticizer on chitosan–lithium acetate solid polymer electrolytes. Eur Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang B, Zeng LX, Wang L, Tang XZ, Tian GH, Zhang B. Effect of hard segment and concentration of NaClO4 on poly(ethylene oxide)-urethane/NaClO4 complex. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim CS, Oh SM. Importance of donor number in determining solvating ability of polymers and transport properties in gel-type polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jacob M, Arof A. FTIR studies of DMF plasticized polyvinyledene fluoride based polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ferry A. Ionic Interactions and Transport Properties in Methyl Terminated Poly(propylene glycol)(4000) Complexed with LiCF3SO3. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962739u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ferry
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Ferry A, Jacobsson P, Stevens JR. Studies of Ionic Interactions in Poly(propylene glycol)4000 Complexed with Triflate Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ferry
- Department of Physics, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P. Jacobsson
- Department of Physics, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J. R. Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Wen S, Richardson T, Ghantous D, Striebel K, Ross P, Cairns E. FTIR characterization of PEO + LiN(CF3SO2)2 electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(96)04536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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