Chen L, Haught WH, Yang B, Saldeen TG, Parathasarathy S, Mehta JL. Preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin E, lovastatin and amlodipine.
J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;
30:569-75. [PMID:
9247534 DOI:
10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00158-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We sought to document the common mechanisms of the antiatherogenic effects of the cholesterol-lowering hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor lovastatin, the dihydropyridine Ca2+ blocker amlodipine and the antioxidant vitamin E.
BACKGROUND
Vitamin E, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and Ca2+ blockers each inhibit atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic animals.
METHODS
New Zealand White rabbits were fed regular chow (Group A), chow with 1% cholesterol (Group B), 1% cholesterol diet plus lovastatin (Group C), 1% cholesterol diet plus vitamin E (Group D) or 1% cholesterol diet plus amlodipine (Group E) for 12 weeks. The extent of aortic atherosclerosis was measured by planimetry of the sudanophilic area. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood were measured as indexes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, respectively.
RESULTS
Group A rabbits showed no atherosclerosis, whereas Group B rabbits had 17.4 +/- 9.3% (mean +/- SD) of the aorta covered with atherosclerosis, and Groups C, D and E rabbits had significantly less atherosclerosis. Plasma SOD activity was lower in Group B than in Group A (6.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 12.8 +/- 1.5 U/ml, p < 0.01) and was preserved in the groups given lovastatin, vitamin E or amlodipine with a high cholesterol diet. The serum MDA level was higher in Group B rabbits than Group A rabbits (12.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/ml, p < 0.01) and increased minimally in rabbits given lovastatin, vitamin E or amlodipine with a high cholesterol diet. In in vitro experiments, both lovastatin and amlodipine preserved SOD activity and reduced the oxidizability of low density lipoproteins by rabbit leukocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that a reduction in lipid peroxidation and preservation of SOD may be common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of lovastatin, vitamin E and amlodipine.
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