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Cunha BCCDA, Domingues MG, Rocco JAFF. A Viscometric study of mixtures with Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and short chain diols used in the formulations of solid composite propellants. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201729. [PMID: 34706006 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is widely used in the formulations of solid propellants used in rocket motors. Furthermore, in general, chain extenders and short chain diols, such as 1,4-butanediol and 1,2-propanediol, can also be used in propellant formulations to improve mechanical properties, especially tensile strength. However, the incorporation of these diols can result in a considerable increase in the viscosity of the mixture during the processing of propellants. Thus, the present study evaluated the compatibility of these diols with the HTPB prepolymer, through a viscometric study, with the aim to determine the order of addition that results in greater homogeneity for the mixture. It was concluded that 1,4-butanediol, due to its larger chain size, has better compatibility with HTPB resin than 1,2-propanediol. On top of that, it was found that when the resin is added first, it results in mixtures with greater compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C C DA Cunha
- Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço, Divisão de Propulsão, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, 12228-904 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela G Domingues
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Departamento de Química, Divisão de Ciências Fundamentais, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, 12228-900 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - José A F F Rocco
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Departamento de Química, Divisão de Ciências Fundamentais, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, 12228-900 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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2
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Density, speed of sound, refractive index and related derived/excess properties of binary mixtures (furfural + dimethyl sulfoxide), (furfural + acetonitrile) and (furfural + sulfolane) at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Effect of temperature and solvents on ultrasonic speed and related acoustical thermodynamic parameters of epoxy resin of (2E,6E)-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone solutions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Kumar D, Sharma SK. Molecular Interactions Investigation of L-Histidine in Water and in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures Using Volumetric and Acoustic Methods. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Densities, ρ and ultrasonic speeds, u of L-histidine (0.02–0.12 mol·kg−1) in water and 0.1 mol·kg−1 aqueous citric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range (298.15–313.15) K with interval of 5 K at atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data apparent molar volume Φ
V
, limiting apparent molar volume Φ
V
O
and the slope SV
, partial molar expansibilities Φ
E
O
, Hepler’s constant, adiabatic compressibility β, transfer volume Φ
V, tr
O
, intermolecular free length (Lf
), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and molar compressibility (W) were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in these systems. It has also been observed that L-histidine act as structure maker in water and aqueous citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla 171005 , India
| | - Shashi Kant Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla 171005 , India
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Kumar D, Lomesh SK, Nathan V. Molecular interaction studies of l -alanine and l -phenylalanine in water and in aqueous citric acid at different temperatures using volumetric, viscosity and ultrasonic methods. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Volumetric, viscosity and ultrasonic studies of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions of glycine and diglycine in water and in aqueous citric acid at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Godhani DR, Dobariya PB, Sanghani AM, Mehta JP. Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative with chloroform, N , N -dimethyl formamide at 303, 308 and 313 K and atmospheric pressure. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Ultrasonic Speed and Related Thermo-acoustical Parameters of Solutions of 1,1′-Bis(3-methyl-4-ethoxyacetylphenoxy)cyclohexane at Four Different Temperatures. J SOLUTION CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-015-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Godhani D, Dobariya P, Sanghani A, Jogel A, Mehta J. Effect of temperature and solvents on thermo-physical properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative at atmospheric pressure. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Godhani D, Dobariya P, Sanghani A. Effect of temperature and solvents on ultrasonic velocity and thermodynamic parameters of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative solutions. J Mol Liq 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Oral I, Guzel H, Ahmetli G. Ultrasonic properties of polystyrene-based composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Measuring the Young’s modulus of polystyrene-based composites by tensile test and pulse-echo method. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ashraf SM, Ahmad S, Riaz U, Alam M, Sharma HO. Investigation of Miscibility of Linseed Oil Epoxy with Poly(vinyl alcohol). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701524260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Darwish NA, Abd El-Aal N, Abd El-Megeed AA. Effect of Addition of HDPE and LDPE on Rheological, Mechanical, Elastic and Compatibility Behavior of SBR/NBR Rubber Blend System. POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 2007; 46:345-352. [DOI: 10.1080/03602550601155948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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El Sayed AM. Evaluation of new conducting polymeric membrane based on sulfonation of compatibilized NR/EPDM blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Higazy AA, Afifi H, Khafagy AH, El-Shahawy MA, Mansour AM. Ultrasonic studies on polystyrene/styrene butadiene rubber polymer blends filled with glass fiber and talc. ULTRASONICS 2006; 44 Suppl 1:e1439-45. [PMID: 16842835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The compatibility of solid blends: PS/SBR, PS/SBR filled with glass fiber and PS/SBR filled with talc were studied using ultrasonic pulse echo technique. Measurements were carried out at room temperature (298 K) and a frequency of 3 MHz. The ultrasonic velocity for the compressional wave and that for shear wave have been measured to obtain the elastic moduli data by knowing of density. The variation of ultrasonic wave velocities and elastic moduli with weight percent of the blend was found to be linear in PS/SBR blend, indicating some degree of compatibility but the drawback of elastic moduli indicate incompatibility of the system blend, while it deviates from linearity in blends of PS/SBR filled with glass fiber and talc but the increase in elastic moduli indicates that there is an increase in degree of compatibility between PS and SBR due to adding of glass fiber or talc. The ultrasonic absorptions for longitudinal wave in the temperature range from 298 to 423 K in the studied system were measured using ultrasonic pulse echo technique. Typical results showing the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic absorption at frequencies of 1, 2, 3 and 5 MHz are illustrated for all samples of the different compositions. The study of compositional and temperature dependence of the ultrasonic absorption in the present studied blends reveals the same behavior of the compatibility degree of the blends. Density data of the blends confirmed the ultrasonic results. Also the correlation between hardness and elastic moduli for the present blend systems has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Higazy
- Menofia University, Faculty of Science, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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17
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Ashraf SM, Ahmad S, Riaz U, Sharma HO. Studies on miscibility of dehydrated castor oil epoxy blend with poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Miscibility behavior of blend of polyesteramides of linseed oil and dehydrated castor oil with poly(methacrylic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Ashraf SM, Ahmad S, Riaz U, Alam M, Sharma HO. Compatibility Studies on Dehydrated Castor Oil Epoxy Blend with Poly(Methacrylic Acid). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320500206903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Ashraf SM, Ahmad S, Riaz U, Alam M, Sharma HO. Miscibility studies on linseed oil epoxy blend with poly(methacrylic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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El Sayed AM, Afifi H. Improvement of the compatibility of natural rubber/ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber blends via natural rubber epoxidation. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Shah A, Parsania P. Acoustic properties of poly(4,4′-cyclohexylidene-R-R′-diphenylene-3-3′-benzophenone disulfonates) at 30 °C. Eur Polym J 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(96)00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Evaluation of density and acoustical parameters of poly(2-methoxy) cyanurate of l,l′-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)cyclohexane [PCMBC]. J CHEM SCI 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02841441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Sundaresan B, Rao AS. Molecular Interaction Studies on Poly(vinyl chloride) in Chlorobenzene by Acoustic Method. Polym J 1994. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.26.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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