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Swahari V, Nakamura A. Speeding up the clock: The past, present and future of progeria. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 58:116-30. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Swahari
- Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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2
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Kennedy KAM, Ostrakhovitch EA, Sandiford SDE, Dayarathna T, Xie X, Waese EYL, Chang WY, Feng Q, Skerjanc IS, Stanford WL, Li SSC. Mammalian numb-interacting protein 1/dual oxidase maturation factor 1 directs neuronal fate in stem cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17974-85. [PMID: 20233719 PMCID: PMC2878559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.084616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe a role for the mammalian Numb-interacting protein 1 (Nip1) in regulation of neuronal differentiation in stem cells. The expression of Nip1 was detected in the developing mouse brain, embryonic stem cells, primary neuronal stem cells, and retinoic acid-treated P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. The highest expression of Nip1 was observed in undifferentiated neuronal stem cells and was associated with Duox1-mediated reactive oxygen species ROS production. Ectopic nip1 expression in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells induced neuronal differentiation, and this phenotype was also linked to elevated ROS production. The neuronal differentiation in nip1-overexpressing P19 cells was achieved in a retinoic acid-independent manner and was corroborated by an increase in the expression of the neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and neural-lineage cell markers. Furthermore, depletion of nip1 by short hairpin RNA led to a decrease in the expression of neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and ROS. However, inhibition of ROS production in nip1-overexpressing P19 cells restricted but did not extinguish neuronal differentiation. Microarray and mass spectrometry analysis identified intermediate filaments as the principal cytoskeletal elements affected by up-regulation of nip1. We show here the first evidence for a functional interaction between Nip1 and a component of the nuclear lamina, lamin A/C. associated with a neuronal-specific phenotype. Taken together, our data reveal an important role for Nip1 in the guidance of neuronal differentiation through ROS generation and modulation of intermediate filaments and implicate Nip1 as a novel intrinsic regulator of neuronal cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. M. Kennedy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
| | - Elena A. Ostrakhovitch
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
| | - Shelley D. E. Sandiford
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
| | - Thamara Dayarathna
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
| | - Elaine Y. L. Waese
- the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and
- the Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Wing Y. Chang
- the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada, and
| | - Qingping Feng
- the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ilona S. Skerjanc
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
- the Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and
- the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada, and
| | - Shawn S. C. Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and
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3
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Dechat T, Pfleghaar K, Sengupta K, Shimi T, Shumaker DK, Solimando L, Goldman RD. Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Genes Dev 2008; 22:832-53. [PMID: 18381888 PMCID: PMC2732390 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1652708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years it has become evident that the intermediate filament proteins, the types A and B nuclear lamins, not only provide a structural framework for the nucleus, but are also essential for many aspects of normal nuclear function. Insights into lamin-related functions have been derived from studies of the remarkably large number of disease-causing mutations in the human lamin A gene. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the functions of nuclear lamins, emphasizing their roles in epigenetics, chromatin organization, DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair. In addition, we discuss recent evidence supporting the importance of lamins in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dechat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Katrin Pfleghaar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Dale K. Shumaker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Liliana Solimando
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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4
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Janaki Ramaiah M, Parnaik VK. An essential GT motif in the lamin A promoter mediates activation by CREB-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:1132-7. [PMID: 16904066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A is an important component of nuclear architecture in mammalian cells. Mutations in the human lamin A gene lead to highly degenerative disorders that affect specific tissues. In studies directed towards understanding the mode of regulation of the lamin A promoter, we have identified an essential GT motif at -55 position by reporter gene assays and mutational analysis. Binding of this sequence to Sp transcription factors has been observed in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. Further functional analysis by co-expression of recombinant proteins and ChIP assays has shown an important regulatory role for CREB-binding protein in promoter activation, which is mediated by the GT motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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5
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Arora P, Muralikrishna B, Parnaik VK. Cell-type-specific interactions at regulatory motifs in the first intron of the lamin A gene. FEBS Lett 2004; 568:122-8. [PMID: 15196932 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lamins A, C and C2 are alternatively spliced products of the LMNA gene; lamins A and C are expressed in differentiated somatic cells, whereas lamin C2 is expressed in germ cells. We have analyzed a segment of the first intron of the LMNA gene for cell-type-specific regulatory elements. We identified a 420-bp fragment that increased promoter activity in lamin A-expressing cells but repressed activity in undifferentiated cells. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed two binding motifs, footprinted region A (FPRA) and FPRB. The hepatocyte nuclear factor-3beta was bound to FPRA only in somatic cell extracts and this motif had an inhibitory effect on promoter activity. The retinoic X receptor beta, RXRbeta, bound near FPRB with extracts from lamin A- or C2-expressing cells, and this site enhanced promoter activity. We have, thus, identified two novel binding sites for transcription factors in a region likely to function as an important regulatory element for the cell-type-specific transcription of A-type lamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeta Arora
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Muralikrishna B, Parnaik VK. SP3 and AP-1 mediate transcriptional activation of the lamin A proximal promoter. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:3736-43. [PMID: 11432740 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina that is expressed in various types of differentiated cells. We have analysed previously the putative promoter sequences of the gene and shown that the rat lamin A proximal promoter contains two essential motifs, a GC box that can bind to Sp1 and Sp3, and an AP-1 motif that can bind to c-Jun and c-Fos. In this study we have investigated the role of Sp1 and Sp3 in transactivation of the promoter. Functional analysis of the promoter in Drosophila SL2 cells has demonstrated that it is inactive in the absence of Sp proteins. Activation by expression of Sp3 is more pronounced than that by Sp1 although both proteins can bind to the GC box in vitro; activation clearly depends on an intact GC box as deduced from mutant analysis. Promoter activity in SL2 cells also requires an intact AP-1 motif, which can bind to endogenous Drosophila Jun and Fos proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of c-Jun and c-Fos results in fourfold activation of the promoter in PCC-4 embryonal carcinoma cells. Our demonstration that activation of the lamin A proximal promoter is mediated by Sp3 and AP-1 transcription factors affords a basis for further studies on the regulation of this important gene during development and disease.
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Okumura K, Nakamachi K, Hosoe Y, Nakajima N. Identification of a novel retinoic acid-responsive element within the lamin A/C promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:197-202. [PMID: 10694499 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A-type lamins are not present in either early embryos or the embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line. P19 cells, which are EC cell line, are able to express A-type lamins upon retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Here we report that a novel RA-responsive element, termed lamin A/C-RA-responsive element (L-RARE), is located within the lamin A/C promoter. RA activated the luciferase activity of the reporter which had four tandem repeats of the wild-type L-RARE, while a loss of function mutant, which altered CACCCCC to CACtatC within L-RARE, did not respond. Four specific binding complexes of L-RARE, Complexes-A, -B, -C, and -D, were detected in protein extracts obtained from P19 cells treated with and without RA. Specific antibodies revealed that Sp1 and Sp3 were included in Complex-A and Complexes-B and -C, respectively. Thus, L-RARE was important in the RA-mediated activation of the lamin A/C promoter and was recognized by DNA binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okumura
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
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Nakamachi K, Nakajima N. DNase I hypersensitive sites and transcriptional activation of the lamin A/C gene. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:1416-22. [PMID: 10691979 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lamin A/C gene encodes subtypes of nuclear lamins, which are involved in nuclear envelope formation, and was recently identified as the responsible gene for the autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Expression of the lamin A/C gene is developmentally regulated but little is known about the regulatory mechanism. Previous studies of lamin A/C expression suggested that the chromatin structure is important for the regulation of its expression. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the lamin A/C gene expression, we have analysed the functional region of the mouse lamin A/C promoter and the chromatin structure of the gene in terms of nucleosome structure and DNase I hypersensitivity. Our analyses revealed disruption of the nucleosome array at the promoter region and the presence of multiple DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) which were specifically associated with expression of the lamin A/C gene. Inclusion of a segment which contained the HSs in a lamin A/C promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid showed no effect on the transfected promoter activity in transient expression assays. On the other hand, substantial enhancement of the promoter activity was detected when the transfected DNA was stably integrated into the genome, suggesting the importance of the HSs in the regulation of lamin A/C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamachi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Pierce T, Worman HJ, Holy J. Neuronal differentiation of NT2/D1 teratocarcinoma cells is accompanied by a loss of lamin A/C expression and an increase in lamin B1 expression. Exp Neurol 1999; 157:241-50. [PMID: 10364436 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are prominent elements of the nuclear matrix and are expressed in cell type-specific and differentiation state-specific patterns. A few observations have indicated that nervous tissue may display unusual patterns of lamin expression, in that some neurons appear to lack A-type lamins, which are generally prominently expressed in terminally differentiated, postmitotic cells. To investigate lamin expression patterns during the differentiation of a teratocarcinoma cell line into neurons, NT2/D1 cells were induced to differentiate with retinoic acid treatment. Lamin expression and organization during differentiation in vitro were examined by quantitative immunofluorescence and immunoblotting methods. Undifferentiated NT2/D1 cells were all strongly labeled with an anti-lamin B1 antibody, but displayed marked variation in A/C lamin immunoreactivity. After differentiation, neuronal nuclear envelopes were significantly more strongly labeled by anti-lamin B1 antibody than those of undifferentiated cells, but completely lacked A/C lamin immunoreactivity. In contrast, nonneuronal cells displayed a slight reduction in B1 lamin immunoreactivity, along with a distinct increase in A/C lamin levels. The loss of lamin A/C expression in NT2/D1 neurons is contrary to the pattern normally observed in most somatic cell types during early development and indicates that the nuclear matrix of some neurons, along with certain neuroendocrine and hematopoietic cells, is uniquely specialized in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pierce
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812-2487, USA
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Hamid QA, Fatima S, Thanumalayan S, Parnaik VK. Activation of the lamin A gene during rat liver development. FEBS Lett 1996; 392:137-42. [PMID: 8772191 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the regulation of expression of the A-type lamins, which are constituents of the nuclear lamina. During rat liver development, high levels of lamin A and C mRNAs were observed in 15-day fetal liver but were barely detectable in the adult. The chromatin conformation of the lamin A gene was sensitive to DNase I in 15-day fetal liver but became mostly insensitive in the adult. Lamin A and C proteins could be detected in fetal liver and persisted in the adult. Our evidence suggests that the lamin A gene is actively transcribed early in liver differentiation and its activity declines considerably in adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q A Hamid
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Moir RD, Spann TP, Goldman RD. The dynamic properties and possible functions of nuclear lamins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1996; 162B:141-82. [PMID: 8557486 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamins are thought to form a thin fibrous layer called the nuclear lamina, underlying the inner nuclear envelope membrane. In this review, we summarize data on the dynamic properties of nuclear lamins during the cell cycle and during development. We discuss the implications of dynamics for lamin functions. The lamins may be involved in DNA replication, chromatin organization, differentiation, nuclear structural support, and nuclear envelope reassembly. Emphasis is placed on recent data that indicate that the lamina, contrary to previous views, is not a static structure. For example, the lamins form nucleoplasmic foci, distinct from the peripheral lamina, which vary in their patterns of distribution as well as their composition in a cell cycle-dependent manner. During the S phase, these foci colocalize with chromatin and sites of DNA replication. At other points during the cell cycle, they may represent sites of lamin post-translation processing that take place prior to incorporation into the lamina. Secondary modifications of the lamins such as isoprenylation and phosphorylation are involved in the regulation of the dynamic properties and the assembly of lamins. In addition, a number of lamin-associated proteins have been recently identified and these are described along with their potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Moir
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Nakajima N, Abe K. Genomic structure of the mouse A-type lamin gene locus encoding somatic and germ cell-specific lamins. FEBS Lett 1995; 365:108-14. [PMID: 7781761 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00453-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mouse A-type lamin genes were isolated. Structural analyses revealed that all the three known mouse A-type lamins (A, C and C2) were coded in a single genomic locus in a 22 kilobase DNA segment. The three lamins were coded in 12, 10 and 10 exons for A, C and C2, respectively, and shared 8 exons among them. Primer extension analyses identified possible transcription start sites for both A/C and C2 genes suggesting that the locus is under the control of two separate promoters, that is a somatic cell-acting promoter (for A and C) and a testis-specific promoter (for C2) which resides in the first intron of the A/C gene. Sequence characteristics of the possible promoter regions are discussed. Divergence of the two somatic cell-type lamins (A and C) is formally accounted for by differential selection of poly(A) sites together with lamin A-specific splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry II, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Nuclear lamins form a highly insoluble structure, the nuclear lamina, which is associated with the nuclear envelope. Recent results suggest, however, that the lamins are more dynamic than originally thought. They accumulate in nucleoplasmic foci in the G1 stage of the cell cycle and later appear mainly in the peripheral lamina. Some of the lamin foci are closely associated with heterochromatin. Furthermore, the various lamin types assemble into the lamina polymer independently of each other. Both the assembly and disassembly of the lamins, as well as the interaction of the lamins with other nuclear structures such as the nuclear membrane, may be mediated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Moir
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Structural Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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