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Fakurazi S, Rahman SA, Hidayat MT, Ithnin H, Moklas MAM, Arulselvan P. The combination of mitragynine and morphine prevents the development of morphine tolerance in mice. Molecules 2013; 18:666-81. [PMID: 23292329 PMCID: PMC6270191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitragynine (MG) is the major active alkaloid found in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. In the present study, we investigated the enhancement of analgesic action of MG when combined with morphine and the effect of the combination on the development of tolerance towards morphine. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with a dose of MG (15 and 25 mg/kg b.wt) combined with morphine (5 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 9 days. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated by a hot plate test. The protein expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element binding (CREB) was analyzed by immunoblot. Toxicological parameters especially liver and kidney function tests were assessed after the combination treatment with MG and morphine. The concurrent administration of MG and morphine showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in latency time when compared to morphine alone group and the outstanding analgesic effects in the combination regimens were maintained until day 9. For the protein expression, there was a significant increment of cAMP and CREB levels (p < 0.05) in group treated with 5 mg/kg morphine but there was no significant change of these protein expressions when MG was combined with morphine. There was a significant changes in toxicological parameters of various treated groups. The combination treatment of MG and morphine effectively reduce the tolerance due to the chronic administration of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.T.H.); (M.A.M.M.)
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Shamima Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Mohamad Taufik Hidayat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.T.H.); (M.A.M.M.)
| | - Hairuszah Ithnin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.T.H.); (M.A.M.M.)
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Abstract
Opiate addiction is a central nervous system disorder of unknown mechanism. Neuronal basis of positive reinforcement, which is essential to the action of opioids, relies on activation of dopaminergic neurons resulting in an increased dopamine release in the mesolimbic brain structures. Certain aspects of opioid dependence and withdrawal syndrome are also related to the activity of noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, as well as to both excitatory and inhibitory amino acid and peptidergic systems. The latter pathways have been recently proven to be involved both in the development of dependence and in counteracting the states related to relapse. An important role in neurochemical mechanisms of opioid reward, dependence and vulnerability to addiction has been ascribed to endogenous opioid peptides, particularly those acting via the mu- and kappa-opioid receptors. Opiate abuse leads to adaptive reactions in the nervous system which occur at the cellular and molecular levels. Recent research indicates that intracellular mechanisms of signal transmission-from the receptor, through G proteins, cyclic AMP, MAP kinases to transcription factors--also play an important role in opioid tolerance and dependence. The latter link in this chain of reactions may modify synthesis of target genes and in this manner, it may be responsible for opiate-induced long-lasting neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Tan YY, Summers RJ. beta-Adrenoceptor regulation in rat heart, lung and skin after chronic treatment with (--)-tertatolol or (--)-propranolol. JOURNAL OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 15:421-36. [PMID: 8920159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.1995.tb00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of long-term treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (--)-tertatolol and (--)-propranolol was studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either (--)-tertatolol (50 micrograms kg-1 hr-1), (--)-propranolol (250 micrograms kg-1 hr-1) or vehicle (1 mM HCl) for 14 days with osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously. 2. The mean daily systolic blood pressure and heart rate of rats treated with either (--)-tertatolol (108 +/- 1 mmHg/330 +/- 3 bpm) or (--)-propranolol (103 +/- 1 mmHg/330 +/- 2 bpm) were lower than in the control (126 +/- 1 mmHg/405 +/- 3 bpm, P < 0.001, n = 8-10) indicating the effectiveness of drug delivery. 3. Autoradiographic studies in areas of heart, lung and skin showed that beta-adrenoceptor populations were not significantly affected by the drug treatment (all regions P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the receptor population in the homogenates of (--)-tertatolol treated lung were halved (194 +/- 28 fmol mg protein-1 compared with a control value of 388 +/- 54 fmol mg protein-1, P < 0.01, n = 6). 4. In the presence of CGP 20712A, the left atrial inotropic and right atrial chronotropic responsiveness to (--)-isoprenaline were hypersensitive in both (--)-tertatolol and (--)-propranolol-treated groups (P < 0.005, ANCOVA). 5. (--)-Propranolol treated left ventricular free wall had lower basal [3H]-forskolin binding to adenylate cyclase (14.45 +/- 1.20 fmol mg protein-1 compared with a control value of 18.91 +/- 0.78 fmol mg protein-1, P = 0.01, n = 6). (--)-Tertatolol treatment had no effect on the basal binding. In the presence of the G-protein activators NaF and Gpp(NH)p, the enhancement of [3H]-forskolin binding did not differ between control and the drug treated groups. 6. Chronic (--)-tertatolol or (--)-propranolol treatment therefore did not produce an increase in receptors in heart, lung or skin but the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses were enhanced. In addition, [3H]-forskolin binding did not increase suggesting that the hypersensitivity was not due to changes in the number of receptors or adenylate cyclase. Hypersensitivity following beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist administration may therefore involve enhanced coupling of receptors to G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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McDermott AM, Sharp GW. Noradrenaline induces supersensitivity of adenylyl cyclase in NG108-15 and HT29-18 cells but not in the beta-cell RINm5F. Cell Signal 1995; 7:277-85. [PMID: 7662513 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(94)00086-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In some cells a supersensitive adenylyl cyclase response follows hormonal inhibition of the enzyme. We have compared the effect of pre-treatment with noradrenaline in RINm5F cells to that in cells known to demonstrate supersensitivity. In NG108-15 cells, 12 or 24 hours pre-treatment with 1-10 microM noradrenaline markedly enhanced forskolin (1 microM) stimulated cAMP accumulation compared to that in untreated cells (12 h, 429 +/- 123 vs 72 +/- 8 pmol/mg protein; 24 h 190 +/- 32 vs 82 +/- 10 for treated and untreated cells, respectively). In a second cell, HT29-18, 30 min pre-treatment with 10 microM noradrenaline enhanced forskolin (10 microM) stimulated cAMP accumulation from 47 +/- 13 pmol/mg protein to 405 +/- 109 pmol/mg protein. In contrast, pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with noradrenaline under the same conditions did not enhance the forskolin response. These data indicate that noradrenaline which induces a supersensitive adenylyl cyclase response in NG108-15 and HT29-18 cells does not induce the response in the insulin secreting cell RINm5F.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M McDermott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Adenylate cyclase supersensitivity: a general means of cellular adaptation to inhibitory agonists? Trends Pharmacol Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-6147(87)90124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vachon L, Costa T, Herz A. Desensitization of opioid-stimulated GTPase in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 128:1342-9. [PMID: 2988536 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NG108-15 cells were pretreated with the opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin and the opioid-dependent low Km GTPase was assayed in membranes. Pretreatment resulted in a small decrease in basal GTPase activity and led to a concentration-dependent reduction in opioid-mediated stimulation of the enzyme. These effects were observed whether the agonist was present or absent throughout all the experimental procedures, but, in the second condition, the desensitization was smaller. The addition of naloxone had no effect on basal GTPase activity, in either control or pretreated cell membranes. Both Na+ and Mg++ were required for the opioid-induced stimulation of the GTPase. Mg++ enhanced basal enzymatic activity in controls, whereas in membranes from pretreated cells, it produced an inhibition. Thus, desensitization of the opioid-dependent low Km GTPase occurs upon chronic opioid treatment and a Mg++ regulatory site might be altered in the course of this process.
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Gilbert JA, Richelson E. Influence of delta-opioid receptors on production of labeled methionine5-enkephalin in murine neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 1985; 44:922-8. [PMID: 2983021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb12905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of methionine5-enkephalin by intact cells of murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 has been demonstrated both immunocytochemically and biochemically. In addition, N1E-115 cells possess homogeneous enkephalin (delta) receptors which inhibit prostaglandin E1-induced intracellular cyclic AMP formation. An assay was developed for measuring de novo synthesis of methionine5-enkephalin by pulsing cells in culture with radioactive methionine and isolating this pentapeptide to radiochemical purity by a procedure that included immunoaffinity chromatography specific for oxidized methionine5-enkephalin. This assay indicated that production of radiolabeled-methionine5-enkephalin was increased upon lengthy exposure of intact N1E-115 cells in the late logarithmic phase of growth to a nonproteolyzable analog of methionine5-enkephalin. This increase in synthesis of intracellular methionine5-enkephalin relative to control cells was prevented by prior incubation of the clone with naloxone, indicating that the response was mediated by the delta receptor.
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Moses MA, Snell CR. The regulation of delta-opiate receptor density on 108CC15 neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells. Br J Pharmacol 1984; 81:169-74. [PMID: 6322893 PMCID: PMC1986939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of exogenous substances on the expression of opiate receptors on 108CC15 neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells has been studied. Cell differentiation by culture in the presence of N6-O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate induced a three fold increase in opiate receptor density. When the cells were grown in the presence of 10(-5) M morphine hydrochloride for up to 23 days, opiate receptor densities were reduced by only 30% when compared with matched controls. Culture in the presence of 10(-7) M D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin produced opiate receptor down regulation of 73% compared to controls after only 4 h of treatment. The down regulation process could be inhibited by continued exposure to D-Ala2 D-Leu5-enkephalin at concentrations greater than 4 nM; below this concentration down regulation was rapid and irreversible. A model to explain these observations is described.
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McGee R. Regulation of presynaptic cellular function. Biochemical studies using clonal neuronal cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1980; 33:121-33. [PMID: 6162093 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Experiments from several different laboratories are reviewed in which clonal neuronal cell lines are being used to study neuronal cellular functions. Primary emphasis is placed on two cell lines, the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid clone NG108-15 and the pheochromocytoma clone PC12. These particular cell lines are useful because they display many of the properties normally associated with differentiated neurons. The properties which have been studied include: the regulation of adenylate cyclase and the receptors which activate or inhibit its activity, regulation of the cholinergic properties of NG 108-15 and both adrenergic and cholinergic properties of PC12, the response of PC12 to nerve growth factor, and the regulation of synaptogenesis between NG 108-15 cells and cultured muscle. The goal of the review is to not only summarize the information obtained with these two cell lines but also to emphasize the types of research in which clonal cell lines may be most useful in the future.
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The effects of beta-endorphin and enkephalins on protein biosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell-free system. Inhibition of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Dawson G, McLawhon R, Miller R. Inhibition of sialoglycosphingolipid (ganglioside) biosynthesis in mouse clonal lines N4TG1 and NG108-15 by beta-endorphin, enkephalins, and opiates. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Havemann U, Kuschinsky K. Effect of morphine of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-sensitive adenylate cyclase in corpus striatum of rats and its cellular localization by using kainic acid. Brain Res 1978; 150:441-5. [PMID: 209852 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Brandt M, Buchen C, Hamprecht B. Endorphins exert opiate-like action on neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. FEBS Lett 1977; 80:251-4. [PMID: 196930 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kosterlitz HW, Hughes J. Opiate receptors and endogenous opioid peptides in tolerance and dependence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 85B:141-54. [PMID: 202147 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the discovery of the endogenous opioid peptides, the enkephalins and endorphins, on our concepts of the mechanisms of tolerance to, and dependence on, opiates is discussed. After a brief survey of the chemistry of the opioid peptides, the possibility of an interaction between opiates and the peptides is considered and a hypothesis formulated. Experimental proof is presented as far as it has become available. The possible mechanisms involved in the development of tolerance and dependence for alcohol, barbiturates and opiates are compared briefly.
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Hamprecht B. Structural, electrophysiological, biochemical, and pharmacological properties of neuroblastoma-glioma cell hybrids in cell culture. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1977; 49:99-170. [PMID: 16829 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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